CN112365389A - Ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system - Google Patents
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
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Abstract
The invention relates to a benefit monitoring system for ecological infrastructure construction, which is used for monitoring the operation benefit conditions of different ecological infrastructure constructions, the ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system comprises a monitoring module, a control module, a power supply module and an analysis module, wherein the monitoring module comprises a water quality and water quantity monitoring unit, a soil environment monitoring unit and a microclimate monitoring unit, the control module is used for setting monitoring parameters, collecting, storing and transmitting various monitoring data of the monitoring module, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the monitoring module and the control module, the analysis module is used for calculating and analyzing various monitoring data, and obtaining a benefit evaluation result of the ecological infrastructure construction by comparing the control rate of runoff, the water pollutant removal rate, the microclimate change and the soil environment change before and after the ecological infrastructure construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of urban ecological environment management, and particularly relates to an ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system.
Background
Ecological infrastructure refers to the conditions and processes for maintaining, improving and augmenting ecosystem services. The concept was originally proposed as one of five principles of ecological city planning for urban ecosystem research in 1984 by the united nations textbook organization in the annual report of the human and biosphere program (MAB), described as "natural landscape and area as a framework of urban spatial organization". With the massive application and research of ecological infrastructure at home and abroad, the concept of the ecological infrastructure is continuously developed and perfected in the process. The construction of ecological infrastructure is widely considered to be one of important means for improving the service capacity of urban ecological systems and improving the urban environmental quality and the healthy living standard of residents. The ABC water plan of Singapore, the rain flood management policy of the United states Philadelphia, the sponge city of China and the like are all the application of ecological infrastructure construction in the improvement of the urban ecological environment. With the increasing severity of the current situation of urban environment, the construction of ecological infrastructure is widely applied to the treatment of urban ecological environment as low-impact development construction. However, with the increase of future ecological infrastructure construction, how to implement scientific, systematic, effective ecological infrastructure construction management and evaluation will become another problem of urban environment management in the future.
The Internet of things (loT) monitoring technology is real-time online data monitoring realized by using a sensor technology on the basis of the Internet. With the continuous development of sensor technology in recent years, traditional water, soil and air quality monitoring can be gradually realized by using sensor monitoring. The ecological infrastructure construction realizes the improvement of soil infiltration rate, the filtration and purification of water quality, the control of surface runoff, the regulation and control of microclimate and the like by increasing vegetation coverage rate, reforming land physical structure and the like. Therefore, the online monitoring of the ecological infrastructure construction benefits can be effectively realized by utilizing the monitoring technology of the internet of things.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system to solve the problem that the actual effect of ecological infrastructure construction is difficult to quantitatively monitor at present. The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
an ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system is used for carrying out real-time online benefit monitoring on the operation conditions of different ecological infrastructure constructions. The invention designs an ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system comprising a monitoring module, a control module, a power supply module and an analysis module by utilizing the environment Internet of things technology on the basis of the structure and the function of the traditional semi-natural ecological infrastructure.
The invention relates to a benefit monitoring system for artificially constructed semi-natural ecological infrastructure construction including rainwater gardens, artificial wetlands, grass planting ditches, roof gardens, biological detention ponds and the like. These ecological infrastructure structures can be roughly divided into, from top to bottom: a water inlet, a water storage layer (provided with an overflow port), a filter layer (a plurality of layers of filter materials and a percolation pipe), and a water outlet (or a percolation drain). The design size and shape of each component of the ecological infrastructure, the structure, the size and the material of the filter layer, the position, the size and the shape of the water inlet/outlet and the like can be designed and adjusted according to actual requirements. Wherein, the monitoring module of ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system includes a plurality of monitoring units, is respectively: the device comprises a water quality and water quantity monitoring unit, a soil environment monitoring unit and a microclimate monitoring unit. Each monitoring unit comprises a plurality of sensor monitoring devices. Wherein, the water quality and water quantity monitoring unit comprises a liquid level meter, a water quality multi-parameter instrument and a flow meter; the soil environment monitoring unit comprises a soil quality multi-parameter instrument; the microclimate monitoring unit comprises a rain gauge, a thermometer, a hygrometer, an anemorumbometer, a barometer, a solar radiation measuring instrument and the like. During the use process, the type of the sensor can be specifically selected according to the type of ecological infrastructure construction. The liquid level meter is arranged on the water storage layer and used for monitoring the rainwater and runoff accumulation amount of the water storage layer in real time, and particularly used for ecological infrastructure with rainwater accumulation function such as a biological retention pond river and an artificial wetland. The water quality multi-parameter instrument is arranged at the water inlet, the water storage layer and the percolation outlet and is used for monitoring the water quality of the inlet water, the water storage tank and the purified and filtered outlet water. The flow meters are arranged at the water inlet and the overflow port and used for monitoring the water inflow and the overflow water flow of the real-time ecological infrastructure, so that the runoff control rate and the flood peak delay time of the ecological infrastructure are calculated. The soil quality multi-parameter instrument is installed in a soil layer structure of an ecological infrastructure and used for monitoring indexes such as temperature and humidity of soil. The rainfall gauge, the thermometer, the hygrometer, the anemorumbometer, the barometer and the solar radiation measuring instrument are installed in a microclimate monitoring station of the ecological infrastructure and respectively monitor rainfall, air temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, air pressure and solar radiation intensity within the range of the ecological infrastructure. The control module comprises an industrial personal computer which is used for connecting a plurality of sensors and carrying out data acquisition and transmission; the human-computer interaction interface is used for displaying the transmitted data, determining data acquisition parameters and setting data transmission parameters; and the remote data center is used for storing the remotely transmitted data and forming a database which can be used for subsequent data analysis. The analysis module is linked with a remote data center through a wireless/wired transmission module, so that real-time calling of data of the data center is realized, and analysis on runoff control, water quality purification effect, microclimate regulation and soil environment improvement effect of ecological infrastructure construction is realized.
Further, the power supply module comprises a storage battery and a solar panel, or can adopt commercial power supply (220V power supply).
Further, the microclimate monitoring station is installed on the top of pole setting.
Furthermore, the ecological infrastructure benefit monitoring system further comprises an antenna, wherein the antenna is installed on the solar panel support and electrically connected with the wireless transmission module.
Further, the analysis module can realize online benefit monitoring on different ecological infrastructure construction by utilizing the data stored in the remote data center. Namely, the benefit evaluation result of the ecological infrastructure construction is obtained by comparing the control rate of the runoff volume before and after the ecological infrastructure construction, the water pollutant removal rate, the microclimate (the sensible temperature and the relative humidity are compared with the simultaneous meteorological data) change and the soil environment change.
Further, the specific analysis process in the analysis module includes: runoff control analysis, water quality purification analysis, microclimate regulation analysis and soil environment improvement analysis.
Wherein, in the runoff control analysis, the total runoff amount and the peak runoff amount are obtained according to the real-time rainfall amount and catchment area according to a formula
Wherein F represents the total runoff in a period of time, HtExpressing the instantaneous rainfall, measured by a rain gauge (the formula can be simplified as
Wherein H is the total rainfall amount in a certain period of time), S represents the catchment area of the ecological infrastructure,
and the rainfall comprehensive runoff coefficient of the catchment area is represented. The peak runoff is calculated by the formula
The peak lag time is represented by the formula Δ t ═ ti-tjCalculating where t isiThe time of water inlet is represented, namely the time of the reading displayed by the water inlet flowmeter (or the time of the reading displayed by the aquifer water quality multi-parameter instrument), tjIndicating when the aquifer overflow pipe begins to overflow, i.e. when the meter at the overflow opening begins to display a reading. The runoff reduction rate is according to the formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein, WinThe total rainwater influx of the ecological infrastructure is calculated according to a formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Q1tMeasured by a flowmeter of the water inlet; woutIs the total output flow of the ecological infrastructure according to the formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Q2tMeasured by a flow meter at the overflow.
Wherein, in the water quality purification analysis, the water pollutant removal rate is determined according to
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Ci1And Ci2Respectively representing water quality factors of inlet water and outlet water, and data is obtained by monitoring the water quality multi-parameter instrument of the inlet water and the outlet water. Specific ecological infrastructures, such as a biological retention pond and an artificial wetland, can increase the pollutant removal rate of the aquifer. According to the above formula, wherein Ci2Representing the water quality factors in the aquifer.
Further, the water quality factor data includes: turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals.
In the microclimate adjustment analysis, the sensible temperature formula is expressed as follows, which is published in "general formula for sensible temperature" by robert stedman: AT is 1.07T +0.2e-0.65V-2.7, wherein AT is sensible temperature (DEG C); t is air temperature (DEG C) measured by a thermometer; v is wind speed (m/sec), and the anemorumbometer measures data; e is the vapor pressure (hPa), and the calculation formula is:
wherein RH is relative humidity (%), measured by a hygrometer. And analyzing the microclimate regulation function by comparing the somatosensory temperature change curves published by the ecological infrastructure construction area and the meteorological bureau.
Wherein the soil environment improvement is according to the formula
Wherein, Δ LiIndicates the change of the soil environment factor i, Lr,iThe measured value of the soil environment factor i is measured by a soil texture multi-parameter instrument; l iss,iRepresents the standard value of the soil environment factor i, and therefore, when Δ LiApproaching 1 indicates that the soil environment is approaching improvement.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can quantitatively monitor the actual benefit of the ecological infrastructure construction, thereby realizing the data and technical support provided for the urban ecological infrastructure construction and planning in the future and providing an effective method approach for the future ecological infrastructure construction management.
Drawings
For further explanation, the present invention is provided with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are a part of the present disclosure, and are used for explaining the contents and the use of the present disclosure in detail by way of embodiments, mainly in conjunction with the related description of the specification. Those skilled in the art will appreciate still other possible embodiments and advantages of the present invention with reference to these figures. Elements in the figures are not drawn to scale and like reference numerals are generally used to indicate like elements.
FIG. 1 is an overall architecture diagram of the ecological infrastructure benefit monitoring system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the ecological infrastructure benefit monitoring system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of the present invention may include a monitoring module, a control module, a power supply module, an analysis module, and the like. The monitoring module can comprise a water quality and water quantity monitoring unit, a soil environment monitoring unit, a microclimate monitoring unit and the like. The water quality and water quantity monitoring unit comprises a liquid level meter, a water quality multi-parameter instrument and a flow meter; the soil environment monitoring unit monitors the soil environment through the soil quality multi-parameter instrument; the microclimate monitoring unit forms a small microclimate station through a rain gauge, a thermometer, a hygrometer, an anemorumbometer, a barometer and a solar radiation measuring instrument, and monitors microclimate around the construction of the ecological infrastructure. The control module comprises an industrial personal computer with a corresponding communication interface. One end of a monitoring sensor in the monitoring module is installed at a corresponding position, and the other end of the monitoring sensor is connected with the industrial personal computer, so that the data can be acquired on line. The collected data can be connected with a remote data center by wireless communication, namely, the monitoring unit and the remote data center carry out data transmission through a wireless network and can also be stored in a local monitoring station. And finally, the data of the local monitoring station or the remote data center is called in the analysis module, so that the benefit analysis of the ecological infrastructure construction by the analysis module is realized. The power supply module is used for supplying power for the monitoring module and the control module. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system will be described in detail by specific embodiments (sunken grass planting furrows).
As shown in the embodiment of fig. 2, the sunken grass planting ditch comprises a water inlet a1, an aquifer a2, an overflow port A3, a filter layer a4, a percolation pipe a5 and a percolation drain a6 from top to bottom. Percolation conduit a5 is located below filtration layer a4 with the end (percolation drain a6) extending to the immediate body of water. Therefore, rainwater flows into the aquifer A2 through the water inlet A1, passes through the filter layer A4, partially passes through the percolation pipe A5 buried below the filter layer A4, flows into the nearby water body through the percolation drain A6, and partially directly permeates into soil to supplement soil humidity and underground water. Wherein, the aquifer A2 is provided with an overflow port A3, when a large amount of rainwater flows into the sunken grass planting ditch through the water inlet A1 and the speed exceeds the infiltration speed of the rainwater in the grass planting ditch, runoff is formed in the grass planting ditch, and when the liquid level in the aquifer A2 is higher than the preset highest water level, the rainwater is discharged through the overflow port A3.
The liquid level meter B1 and the water quality multi-parameter instrument B2 are installed in the water storage layer A2 and are respectively used for monitoring the liquid level of the water storage layer A2 and the quality of rainwater before purification, the water quality multi-parameter instrument B4 is installed in a water storage tank (bottom water permeable) below the percolation drainage port A6 and is used for monitoring the quality of the filtered rainwater, and the purification rate of water pollutants for ecological infrastructure construction can be calculated through readings in the water quality multi-parameter instruments B2 and B4. The flowmeter B3 is arranged in the overflow port A3 and is used for calculating the overflow quantity and the overflow time of rainwater in the aquifer; the flow meter B5 is arranged at the water inlet A1 and is used for monitoring the flow concentration amount of rainwater and the flow concentration time of the rainwater, and the peak flood delay time of ecological infrastructure construction can be obtained by utilizing the reading time of the flow meters B3 and B5.
The soil multi-parameter instrument probe B6 is buried in the soil layer below the filter layer A4, and is usually also located in the soil layer below the percolation pipe A5, and is used for monitoring the temperature, humidity, salinity, conductivity, pH value and the like in the soil environment.
The anemoclinograph B7, the temperature and humidity box B8, the rain gauge B9, the solar radiation meter B10 and the barometer B11 form a microclimate station, are arranged on a vertical rod beside the ecological infrastructure and are used for monitoring microclimate change around the ecological infrastructure, and the regulating effect of the ecological infrastructure construction on the microclimate around can be obtained by comparing meteorological data.
In the illustrated embodiment, the power supply module includes a solar panel C1 and a battery C2. The solar cell panel C1 is mounted on the upright above the control cabinet D1, and the storage battery C2 is mounted inside the control cabinet D1. During daytime, the solar panel C1 can charge the storage battery C2 on the one hand, and supply power to the microclimate station, the liquid level meter, the water quality multi-parameter instrument, the flow meter, the soil quality multi-parameter instrument and the industrial personal computer and the human-computer interaction interface in the control cabinet on the other hand. At night, the micro-weather station, the liquid level meter, the water quality multi-parameter instrument, the flow meter, the soil quality multi-parameter instrument and the industrial personal computer and the man-machine interaction interface of the D1 in the control cabinet are powered by the storage battery C2.
An industrial personal computer and a human-computer interaction interface are arranged in the control cabinet D1, and the microclimate station (an anemoscope B7, a temperature and humidity box B8, a rain gauge B9, a solar radiation meter B10 and an air pressure meter B11), the liquid level meter B1, the flow meters B3 and B5, the water quality multi-parameter instruments B2 and B4 and the soil quality multi-parameter instrument B6 are all electrically connected with the industrial personal computer. The industrial personal computer transmits the monitoring data to the remote data center through the wireless transmission module. The analysis module analyzes the benefit of the ecological infrastructure construction by calling the data stored in the remote data center to obtain the benefit corresponding to the ecological infrastructure construction. Therefore, the benefit monitoring system can monitor the benefit of the ecological infrastructure construction in real time.
Specifically, in runoff control analysis, the total runoff and the peak runoff are obtained according to the real-time rainfall and catchment area, and the total runoff can be obtained according to a formula
Calculated, where F represents the total radial flow over a period of time, HtRepresenting the instantaneous precipitation, measured by a rain gauge B9, S representing the ecological infrastructureThe area of the water catchment is that,
and the rainfall comprehensive runoff coefficient of the catchment area is represented. The peak runoff is calculated by the formula
The peak lag time is represented by the formula Δ t ═ ti-tjIs calculated to obtain, wherein tiIndicating the time of water intake, i.e. the time at which the meter B3 of the water intake shows a reading, tjIndicating the time at which the aquifer overflow pipe begins to overflow, i.e. the time at which the meter B5 at the overflow port begins to display a reading. The runoff reduction rate is according to the formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein, WinThe total rainwater influx of the ecological infrastructure is calculated according to a formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Q1tMeasured by the water inlet flowmeter B3; woutIs the total output flow of the ecological infrastructure according to the formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Q2tMeasured by the overflow port flow meter B5.
In the water quality purification analysis, the water pollutant removal rate is determined according to
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Ci1And Ci2The water quality factors of inlet water and outlet water are respectively shown, and data are obtained by monitoring water quality multi-parameter instruments B2 and B4 of the inlet water and the outlet water. Specific ecological infrastructures, such as a biological retention pond and an artificial wetland, can increase the pollutant removal rate of the aquifer. According to the above formula, wherein Ci2Representing the water quality factors in the aquifer. The water quality factors may include turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, heavy metals, and the like.
In the microclimate adjustment analysis, the sensible temperature formula is expressed as follows, according to the general formula of sensible temperature published by robert stedman: AT is 1.07T +0.2e-0.65V-2.7, wherein AT is sensible temperature (DEG C); t is air temperature (DEG C) and is measured by a thermometer in a temperature and humidity box B8; v is wind speed (m/sec), and the anemorumbometer B7 measures data; e is the vapor pressure (hPa), and the calculation formula is:
wherein RH is relative humidity (%), measured by a hygrometer in humiture box B8. The microclimate regulation effect of the ecological infrastructure construction is analyzed by drawing a temperature sensitivity change curve in an ecological infrastructure construction area and a temperature sensitivity change curve published by a meteorological department.
In the soil environment improvement analysis, according to the formula
Calculation of where Δ LiIndicates the change of the soil environment factor i, Lr,iThe measured value of the soil environment factor i is measured by a soil texture multi-parameter instrument B6; l iss,iRepresents the standard value of the soil environment factor i, and therefore, Δ LiApproaching 1 indicates that the soil environment is improved.
The invention can quantitatively monitor the actual benefit of ecological infrastructure construction, thereby realizing the data and technical support provided in the future urban ecological infrastructure construction and planning and providing an effective method approach for the future ecological infrastructure construction management.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system is used for monitoring the running benefits of different ecological infrastructures, and is characterized in that the ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system comprises a monitoring module, a control module, a power supply module and an analysis module, wherein the monitoring module comprises a water quality and water quantity monitoring unit, a soil environment monitoring unit and a microclimate monitoring unit, the water quality and water quantity monitoring unit is used for monitoring the water quality and water quantity of the ecological infrastructures, the soil environment monitoring unit is used for monitoring the soil quality of the ecological infrastructure construction, and the microclimate monitoring unit is used for monitoring the meteorological information of the position where the ecological infrastructure construction is located; control module is used for setting up monitoring parameter, collection, storage and transmission monitoring module's various monitoring data, power module is used for monitoring module with the control module power supply, analysis module is used for carrying out calculation analysis to various monitoring data, and its concrete analysis process includes runoff control analysis, water purification analysis, microclimate regulation analysis and soil environment improvement analysis, and through the control rate of the footpath flow around the contrast ecological infrastructure construction, water pollutant removal rate, microclimate change and soil environment change, obtain ecological infrastructure construction's benefit evaluation result.
2. The ecological infrastructure benefit monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the water quality and quantity monitoring unit comprises a liquid level meter installed in an aquifer of the ecological infrastructure, a water quality multi-parameter meter installed in a water inlet and an overflow port of the ecological infrastructure for monitoring a water inflow and an overflow flow of the real-time ecological infrastructure, and a flow meter installed in the aquifer and the percolation drain of the ecological infrastructure.
3. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of claim 2, wherein the runoff control analysis comprises analyzing a flood peak lag time and a runoff reduction rate, wherein the flood peak lag time is given by the formula Δ t ═ ti-tjWherein t isiIndicating the time of water inlet, i.e. the time at which the meter of the water inlet shows a reading, tjThe time of the overflow of the aquifer overflow pipe is represented, namely the time of the reading displayed by the flowmeter of the overflow port is represented, and the runoff reduction rate is calculated according to the formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein, WinThe total rainwater influx of the ecological infrastructure is calculated according to a formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Q1tMeasured by a flowmeter of the water inlet; woutIs the total output flow of the ecological infrastructure according to the formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Q2tMeasured by a flow meter at the overflow.
4. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of claim 3, wherein the water contaminant removal rate is according to a formula
Is calculated to obtain, wherein Ci1And Ci2And the water quality factors of inlet water and outlet water are respectively expressed and obtained by monitoring the water quality multi-parameter instrument.
5. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of claim 4, wherein the water quality factor data includes: turbidity, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals.
6. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the environment monitoring unit comprises a soil texture multi-parameter instrument installed in a soil structure of the ecological infrastructure for detecting soil environment factors of the ecological infrastructure.
7. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of claim 6, wherein the soil environment improvement analysis is specifically according to a formula
Calculating the degree of improvement of soil environment, whereiniIndicates the change of the soil environment factor i, Lr,iThe measured value of the soil environment factor i is measured by the soil texture multi-parameter instrument; l iss,iStandard value, Δ L, representing a soil environment factor iiApproaching 1 indicates that the soil environment is improved.
8. The ecological infrastructure benefit monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the microclimate monitoring unit is a microclimate station including a rain gauge, a thermometer, a hygrometer, an anemorumbometer, a barometer and a solar radiometer for monitoring rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, anemorumbometer, atmospheric pressure and solar radiometric of the ecological infrastructure, respectively.
9. The ecological infrastructure benefits monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the runoff control analysis includes calculating a total runoff and a peak runoff, the total runoff being according to a formula
Is obtained, wherein F represents the total runoff over a period of time, HtThe instantaneous precipitation is expressed and measured by a rain gauge, and the formula can be simplified into
Wherein H represents the total amount of rainfall over a period of time, S represents the catchment area of the ecological infrastructure,
representing the rainfall integrated runoff coefficient of the catchment area; the peak runoff is calculated by the formula
10. The ecological infrastructure construction benefit monitoring system of claim 8, wherein the microclimate change analysis includes an analysis of microclimate regulation of the ecological infrastructure construction by comparing a somatosensory temperature change curve in an ecological infrastructure construction zone with a somatosensory temperature change curve published by a meteorological department, wherein the somatosensory temperature formula is: AT is 1.07T +0.2e-0.65V-2.7, wherein AT is sensible temperature (DEG C); t is air temperature (DEG C), and is measured by the thermometer; v is the wind speed (m/sec) measured by the anemorumbometer; e is the vapor pressure (hPa), and the calculation formula is:
wherein RH is relative humidity (%), measured by the hygrometer.
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