CN112362509A - Method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by related strain of passing rate - Google Patents
Method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by related strain of passing rate Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005501 phase interface Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by strain related to a passing rate, which is suitable for most metals and members thereof, determines a proper strain rate by a simple sample tensile test method, and can perform strengthening action of one-time pre-strain or multi-cycle pre-strain by performing pre-strain treatment on the metal through the strain rate. Compared with the prior art, the invention has strong applicability, is suitable for metal products or components with different materials and different structures, and is suitable for different service environments of metals. The invention mainly researches the mechanism of the strain rate in the aspect of strain strengthening effect, and the strengthening mechanism mainly improves the plane slip capability of dislocation in metal crystal grains and the uniform deformation capability of crystal lattices and is beneficial to delaying the initiation of a fatigue source; and a complete, closed and independent dislocation structure is formed at the positions of the grain boundary and the phase interface, so that the expansion of fatigue cracks is further hindered. The invention can improve the high cycle fatigue performance of metal materials and components without changing the existing mechanical equipment, is very convenient to apply and popularize, and can still maintain the good plasticity of the target metal while obviously improving the fatigue performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving high cycle fatigue performance of a metal material and a metal structure by a physical means of strain related to a passing rate, belonging to the technical fields of materials, machinery and the like.
Technical Field
In modern engineering, a plurality of metal components work under cyclic load, such as crankshafts, connecting rods, rotors, blades, bridges, wheel shafts, nuclear reactors, power generation equipment and the like, and the maximum cyclic stress of high-cycle fatigue is lower than that of gold, unlike low-cycle fatigueHigh cycle fatigue fracture is usually sudden and no significant macroscopic plastic deformation occurs, either for brittle or ductile materials, and therefore often has catastrophic consequences. There have been many studies which have shown that metals are at 107Cracking may still occur during high cycle fatigue periods above the week. How to improve the high cycle fatigue performance of metal is of great significance and is a hotspot of research.
On the other hand, after a metal member in service is in service for a period of time, the residual fatigue life is often greatly reduced due to the release of internal residual stress, and how to rapidly improve the residual fatigue performance of the metal on the premise of not changing the original structure is a difficult point of research.
Patent CN106769440A discloses a method for processing a strain-strengthened tensile sample, which realizes the strain strengthening of the material by maintaining the pressure of the tensile sample for a long time after reaching a certain stress. Patent CN106048412B discloses a phase-change strengthened cold-worked high-strength steel, steel pipe and method for manufacturing steel pipe, which provides a new composition ratio of steel and steel pipe, and makes martensite strengthening and strain strengthening produce a composite strengthening effect by phase-change strengthening generated during quenching and strain strengthening generated during cold working in the heat treatment stage. Patent CN110595744A discloses a strain strengthening process equipment, an operation method thereof and a test system, which can keep constant hydraulic pressure to perform cold drawing strengthening treatment on a metal wall material of a container by adjusting a mechanical pressurization device so as to ensure a strengthening effect. Patent CN109777936A discloses an ultralow temperature strain strengthening method for martensitic stainless steel, wherein the yield strength measured in a low temperature environment is used as a unidirectional tensile stress, and the unidirectional tensile stress is loaded on a test sample according to a loading period, the cycle number is not higher than 30, and the low temperature yield strength of the stainless steel is improved on the premise of not reducing the plasticity. There are many patents on different forms of strain strengthening, however, there is a lack of research and introduction of strain rate in the role of strain strengthening. Therefore, there is a need to solve the problem of strengthening the high cycle fatigue by rate-dependent strain and improving the residual fatigue strength of the metal conveniently and rapidly without changing the original structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: the invention aims to provide a method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by strain related to a passing rate, which is suitable for most metals and components thereof, determines a proper strain rate by a simple sample tensile test method, and carries out pre-strain treatment on the metal by the strain rate, so that the strengthening effect of one-time pre-strain or multiple-time pre-strain can be carried out, and meanwhile, the material can still keep good plasticity.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by strain related to a passing rate, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparing base materials of metal products or components into a plurality of standard round bar tensile samples and a plurality of standard round bar fatigue samples according to standards GB/T228.1-2010 and GB/T3075-;
(2) simulating the long-term service environment of a metal product or component through a temperature control box, performing tensile test on a plurality of tensile samples in the temperature environment according to the standard GB/T228.1-2010, and determining the upper yield strength (R) of the metal materialeH) And lower yield strength (R)eL)；
(3) Respectively carrying out pre-strain tensile test on a plurality of fatigue samples of the same material under the temperature environment, wherein the tensile strain rates are respectively 10-5s-1、10-4s-1、10-3s-1、10-2s-1、10-1s-1The maximum tensile stress is R of the material at the temperatureeLMaintaining the pressure for 5s, and then immediately unloading;
(4) the pre-strained sample is subjected to a cyclic loading test, and the maximum cyclic stress is (R)eH+ReL) (ii)/2, minimum cyclic stress is- [ (R)eH+ReL)/2-100MPa]Each group is loaded circularly until cyclic softening occurs;
(5) determining the strain rate of the prestrain tensile loading under the condition of the longest cycle hardening and defining the strain rate as
Taking the strain hardening strain as a rate-related strain strengthening standard of the metal product or the component at the temperature, and carrying out one-time pre-strain or multi-time cyclic pre-strain action of the next step;
(6) the strain rate of the metal at the temperature determined by the above procedure
Pre-straining the metal article or component, the measured ReLThe stress is taken as the maximum loading stress, the maximum loading stress is periodically loaded on the metal product or the member according to a tension-tension loading mode with the stress ratio of 0, the strengthening effect of one-time pre-strain or multiple-time cyclic pre-strain is carried out, and the cyclic times are not higher than those in the step (4) test
Maximum number of cycles of hardening under applied pre-strain.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the applicability is strong, and the metal composite material is suitable for metal products or components made of different materials and in different structures, and is suitable for different service environments of metals.
2. The method is suitable for most metals and components thereof, the proper strain rate is determined through the simple tensile test of a plurality of base material samples, the metal is subjected to pre-strain treatment through the strain rate, the strengthening effect of one-time pre-strain or multi-time cyclic pre-strain can be realized, and meanwhile, the material can still keep good plasticity.
3. The invention provides a method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by strain related to a passing rate, compared with the traditional work hardening, the method emphatically explores the mechanism of the strain rate in the aspect of strain strengthening effect and is convenient to apply and popularize.
4. The method is simple to operate, the high cycle fatigue performance of a metal product or a component can be effectively improved, a proper hardening strain rate is determined through a test, pre-strain or cyclic pre-strain treatment is carried out based on the strain rate, and the fatigue strengthening mechanism mainly promotes the plane slip capability of dislocation in metal crystal grains and the uniform deformation capability of the crystal lattices and is beneficial to delaying the initiation of a fatigue source; and a complete, closed and independent dislocation structure is formed at the positions of the grain boundary and the phase interface, so that the expansion of fatigue cracks is further hindered.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention provides a method for inducing metal high cycle fatigue strengthening through rate-dependent strain, which is used for obviously improving the high cycle fatigue performance of metal after carrying out rate-dependent pre-strain or cyclic pre-strain strengthening treatment on metal products or components of different materials and different structures in different service environments, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing base materials of metal products or components into a plurality of standard round bar tensile samples and a plurality of standard round bar fatigue samples according to standards GB/T228.1-2010 and GB/T3075-;
(2) simulating the long-term service environment of a metal product or component through a temperature control box, performing tensile test on a plurality of tensile samples in the temperature environment according to the standard GB/T228.1-2010, and determining the upper yield strength (R) of the metal materialeH) And lower yield strength (R)eL)；
(3) Respectively carrying out pre-strain tensile test on a plurality of fatigue samples of the same material under the temperature environment, wherein the tensile strain rates are respectively 10-5s-1、10-4s-1、10-3s-1、10-2s-1、10-1s-1The maximum tensile stress is R of the material at the temperatureeLMaintaining the pressure for 5s, and then immediately unloading;
(4) the pre-strained sample is subjected to a cyclic loading test, and the maximum cyclic stress is (R)eH+ReL) (ii)/2, minimum cyclic stress is- [ (R)eH+ReL)/2-100MPa]Each group is loaded circularly until cyclic softening occurs;
(5) determining the strain rate of the prestrain tensile loading under the condition of the longest cycle hardening and defining the strain rate as
Using it as the metal product or structureThe rate-related strain strengthening standard of the part at the temperature is used for carrying out one-time pre-strain or multi-time cyclic pre-strain action in the next step;
(6) the strain rate of the metal at the temperature determined by the above procedure
Pre-straining the metal article or component, the measured ReLThe stress is taken as the maximum loading stress, the maximum loading stress is periodically loaded on the metal product or the member according to a tension-tension loading mode with the stress ratio of 0, the strengthening effect of one-time pre-strain or multiple-time cyclic pre-strain is carried out, and the cyclic times are not higher than those in the step (4) test
Maximum number of cycles of hardening under applied pre-strain.
For a further understanding of the invention, reference is made to the following further description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but it is understood that the description is intended to illustrate further features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention as claimed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for pass rate dependent strain induced high cycle fatigue strengthening of metals according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a tensile stress-strain curve of a 50# steel raw sample without pre-strain strengthening;
FIG. 3 is a tensile stress-strain curve of 50# steel subjected to cyclic loading for 100 circles at 0-285 MPa;
FIG. 4 is a-235 MPa-335 MPa cyclic strain response curve of 50# steel after no pre-strain and different rates of related pre-strain;
FIG. 5 shows the fatigue life of 50# steel with stress ratio of 0.1 and stress amplitude of 402MPa after no pre-strain and different rate-dependent pre-strain;
FIG. 6 is a transmission electron micrograph of 50# steel after varying rates of associated pre-strain;
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope image of No. 50 steel after no pre-strain and different rate dependent pre-strain-constant amplitude fatigue fracture;
FIG. 8 is an electron backscatter diffraction pattern of the source location of a pre-strain-constant amplitude fatigue crack for 50# steel without pre-strain and at different rates.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal by rate-dependent strain, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) cutting the hot-rolled 50# steel ingot, and preparing a plurality of standard round bar tensile samples and a plurality of standard round bar fatigue samples according to the standards GB/T228.1-2010 and GB/T3075-2008;
(2) simulating the long-term service environment of a metal product or component through a temperature control box, performing tensile test on a plurality of tensile samples in the temperature environment according to the standard GB/T228.1-2010, and determining the upper yield strength (R) of the metal materialeH) 385MPa, lower yield strength (R)eL) 285 MPa;
(3) respectively carrying out pre-strain tensile test on a plurality of fatigue samples of the same material under the temperature environment, wherein the tensile strain rates are respectively 10-5s-1、10-4s-1、10-3s-1、10-1s-1The maximum tensile stress is R of the material at the temperatureeL285MPa, maintaining the pressure for 5s, and then immediately unloading;
(4) the pre-strained sample is subjected to a cyclic loading test, and the maximum cyclic stress is (R)eH+ReL) 335MPa, minimum cyclic stress is- [ (R)eH+ReL)/2-100MPa]Namely 235MPa, each group is loaded circularly until cyclic softening occurs, and the cyclic strain response is shown as figure 4;
(5) determining the strain rate of the prestrain tensile loading under the condition of the longest cycle hardening and defining the strain rate as
Namely 10-4s-1As shown in fig. 4, it is used as the rate-dependent strain strengthening standard of the metal product or member at the temperature;
(6) the strain rate of the 50# Steel Metal at this temperature determined by the procedure described above
Namely 10-4s-1Pre-straining the metal article or component, the measured ReL285MPa is taken as the maximum loading stress, and is periodically loaded on the metal product or the component in a tension-tension loading mode with the stress ratio of 0 to perform the strengthening action of one-time prestrain or multiple-time prestrain, and the cycle number is not higher than that in the step (4) test
Namely 10-4s-1Maximum number of cycles of hardening under applied pre-strain 100.
(7) The fatigue strengthening test after the rate-dependent primary pre-strain was carried out, as shown in FIG. 5, under the fatigue load with the stress ratio of 0.1 and the stress amplitude of 402MPa, the rate-dependent pre-strains all have different degrees of fatigue strengthening on the metal compared with the non-pre-strain action, wherein the strain rate
Namely 10-4s-1The pre-strain strengthening is the largest, and the fatigue life of the 50# steel is obviously prolonged.
(8) After 100 times of cyclic reinforcement, the tensile test results (as shown in fig. 3) show that the metal maintains good plasticity of the base metal.
(9) The strengthening mechanism is as follows: the rate dependent pre-strain effects alter the dislocation characteristics within the metal (see fig. 6) and further evolve upon subsequent fatigue loading to form a different dislocation structure (see fig. 7) and lattice reconstruction (see fig. 8). Rate of strain
Namely 10-4s-1Under the prestrain, the plane slip capability of dislocation in crystal grains and the uniform deformation capability of crystal lattices in the metal fatigue process are improved, and the initiation of a fatigue source is delayed; and a complete, closed and independent dislocation structure is formed at the positions of the grain boundary and the phase interface, so that the expansion of fatigue cracks is further hindered.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting, of the present invention, and it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for inducing high-cycle fatigue strengthening of metal through rate-dependent strain is realized as follows:
(1) preparing base materials of metal products or components into a plurality of standard round bar tensile samples and a plurality of standard round bar fatigue samples according to standards GB/T228.1-2010 and GB/T3075-;
(2) simulating the long-term service environment of a metal product or component through a temperature control box, performing tensile test on a plurality of tensile samples in the temperature environment according to the standard GB/T228.1-2010, and determining the upper yield strength (R) of the metal materialeH) And lower yield strength (R)eL)；
(3) Respectively carrying out pre-strain tensile test on a plurality of fatigue samples of the same material under the temperature environment, wherein the tensile strain rates are respectively 10-5s-1、10-4s-1、10-3s-1、10-2s-1、10-1s-1The maximum tensile stress is R of the material at the temperatureeLMaintaining the pressure for 5s, and then immediately unloading;
(4) the pre-strained sample is subjected to a cyclic loading test, and the maximum cyclic stress is (R)eH+ReL) (ii)/2, minimum cyclic stress is- [ (R)eH+ReL)/2-100MPa]Each group is loaded circularly until cyclic softening occurs;
(5) determining the strain rate of the prestrain tensile loading under the condition of the longest cycle hardening and defining the strain rate as
Taking the strain hardening strain as a rate-related strain strengthening standard of the metal product or the component at the temperature, and carrying out one-time pre-strain or multi-time cyclic pre-strain action of the next step;
(6) the metal determined by the above stepsStrain rate at this temperature
Pre-straining the metal article or component, the measured ReLThe stress is taken as the maximum loading stress, the maximum loading stress is periodically loaded on the metal product or the member according to a tension-tension loading mode with the stress ratio of 0, the strengthening effect of one-time pre-strain or multiple-time cyclic pre-strain is carried out, and the cyclic times are not higher than those in the step (4) test
Maximum number of cycles of hardening under applied pre-strain.
2. The method for high cycle fatigue strengthening of a metal induced by a rate dependent strain according to claim 1, wherein: the applicability is strong, and the metal composite material is suitable for metal products or components made of different materials and in different structures, and is suitable for different service environments of metals.
3. The method for high cycle fatigue strengthening of a metal induced by a rate dependent strain according to claim 1, wherein: the method is suitable for most metals and components thereof, the proper strain rate is determined through the simple tensile test of a plurality of base material samples, the metal is subjected to pre-strain treatment through the strain rate, the strengthening effect of one-time pre-strain or multi-time cyclic pre-strain can be realized, and meanwhile, the material can still keep good plasticity.
4. The method for high cycle fatigue strengthening of a metal induced by a rate dependent strain according to claim 1, wherein: compared with the traditional work hardening, the mechanism of the strain rate in the aspect of strain strengthening is intensively researched, and the application and popularization are convenient.
5. The method for high cycle fatigue strengthening of a metal induced by a rate dependent strain according to claim 1, wherein: the method is simple to operate, the high cycle fatigue performance of a metal product or a component can be effectively improved, a proper hardening strain rate is determined through a test, pre-strain or cyclic pre-strain treatment is carried out based on the strain rate, and the fatigue strengthening mechanism mainly promotes the plane slip capability of dislocation in metal crystal grains and the uniform deformation capability of the crystal lattices and is beneficial to delaying the initiation of a fatigue source; and a complete, closed and independent dislocation structure is formed at the positions of the grain boundary and the phase interface, so that the expansion of fatigue cracks is further hindered.
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| CN111767614A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-10-13 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Evaluation and analysis method for vibration fatigue failure test of air-tight seal special thread |
| CN111678821A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-18 | 山东大学 | Low-cycle fatigue life prediction method based on high-temperature alloy processing surface integrity |
| CN111860993A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Welding joint fatigue life prediction method considering residual stress evolution |
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