CN112360468A - Excavation supporting method for vertical shaft slag sliding well - Google Patents
Excavation supporting method for vertical shaft slag sliding well Download PDFInfo
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- CN112360468A CN112360468A CN202011345813.6A CN202011345813A CN112360468A CN 112360468 A CN112360468 A CN 112360468A CN 202011345813 A CN202011345813 A CN 202011345813A CN 112360468 A CN112360468 A CN 112360468A
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
- E21D5/04—Lining shafts; Linings therefor with brick, concrete, stone, or similar building materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
- E21D5/12—Accessories for making shaft linings, e.g. suspended cradles, shutterings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D7/00—Shaft equipment, e.g. timbering within the shaft
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a vertical shaft slag chute excavation supporting method. The invention aims to provide a vertical shaft slag sliding well excavation supporting method, which aims to solve the problem of collapse of the wall of a slag sliding hole during reverse shaft excavation, reduce construction risks and improve construction efficiency. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a vertical shaft slag sliding well excavation supporting method is characterized in that: s01, completing excavation and supporting of the top space of the top of the tunnel at the upper end of the shaft to be excavated; completing excavation support of a construction branch hole at the lower part of the vertical shaft to be excavated, wherein the construction branch hole is excavated to the inside of the vertical shaft to be excavated; finishing the excavation of a tailrace tunnel at the bottom of the shaft to be excavated, wherein the position of the tailrace tunnel is lower than the construction branch tunnel; s02, constructing a pilot hole I from the top space of the tunnel along the axial line of the shaft to be excavated until the pilot hole I is communicated with the construction branch tunnel below the pilot hole; and S03, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole I with the large-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute hole I extending from the construction branch hole to the top space of the hole. The invention is suitable for the field of ultra-deep and ultra-large shaft engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vertical shaft slag chute excavation supporting method. The method is suitable for the field of ultra-deep and ultra-large shaft engineering.
Background
The reverse well construction method is that a reverse well drilling machine is used for drilling, then an enlarged cutter head is used for reverse drawing from bottom to top to form a slag chute channel with the diameter of about 1.4-2.0 m, then the slag chute channel is excavated from top to bottom, and slag materials slide to the bottom through the slag chute by means of self weight to discharge slag. The construction method is widely applied to various gangue sliding holes, mining area wind holes, coal sliding holes, safety rescue holes and the like of a coal system; various guide wells, surge shafts, ventilation shafts and the like of the hydroelectric system are widely used.
Compared with other construction methods, the well reversing method has the characteristics of safe construction, high working efficiency, good engineering quality and the like. When the raise boring machine is constructed, workers do not need to enter a working face, are all on the upper portion with better environment and safety conditions and are not damaged by falling rocks and drenching water, and the occurrence of all accidents is avoided. Meanwhile, the construction of the raise boring machine is mechanical continuous operation, and the raise boring machine adopts a hob cutter to mechanically break rock, so that the damage to surrounding rock is small, and the raise boring machine is favorable for expanding and digging slag, ventilating and draining water.
However, in a modern volcanic rock area or a strong structural development area with high geological structure development and poor rock quality, the rock ballast impacts the hole wall for multiple times to easily cause collapse of the hole wall of the slag sliding hole, particularly, the middle and lower parts of the slag sliding hole bear large impact energy and are subjected to multiple times, the hole wall is more easily collapsed and unstable, great safety risks are brought to supply construction, and the construction progress is also influenced.
At present, a scheme for advanced support of a hole of a slag sliding hole is mature, but reinforcing support of a deep area of a surge shaft or a whole shaft section is less, so that a scheme for integrally reinforcing the slag sliding hole under a complex geological condition is necessary to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the existing problems, the method for excavating and supporting the vertical shaft slag sliding well is provided, so that the problem of collapse of the wall of the slag sliding hole during the excavation of the raise shaft is solved, the construction risk is reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a vertical shaft slag sliding well excavation supporting method is characterized in that:
s01, completing excavation and supporting of the top space of the top of the tunnel at the upper end of the shaft to be excavated; completing excavation support of a construction branch hole at the lower part of the vertical shaft to be excavated, wherein the construction branch hole is excavated to the inside of the vertical shaft to be excavated; finishing the excavation of a tailrace tunnel at the bottom of the shaft to be excavated, wherein the position of the tailrace tunnel is lower than the construction branch tunnel;
s02, constructing a pilot hole I from the top space of the tunnel along the axial line of the shaft to be excavated until the pilot hole I is communicated with the construction branch tunnel below the pilot hole;
s03, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole I with a large-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute hole I extending from the construction branch hole to the top space of the hole;
s04, plugging the construction branch holes to enable the construction branch holes in the range of the vertical shaft and the slag sliding holes I to form a chamber to be backfilled, wherein the opening is formed in the upper end of the slag sliding holes I, and concrete is backfilled into the chamber to be backfilled;
s05, constructing a pilot hole II downwards along the axial line of the shaft to be excavated from the top space of the tunnel, penetrating through the construction branch tunnel until the pilot hole II is communicated with the tailrace tunnel below;
s06, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole II with a small-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute II extending from the tailwater tunnel to the top space of the tunnel;
and a concrete support layer is formed on the side wall of the slag chute II above the construction branch tunnel, and a concrete gravity pier for bearing the upper concrete support layer is formed in the construction branch tunnel.
The diameter of the large-diameter reverse broaching bit is 160-180 cm; the diameter of the small-diameter reverse broaching bit is 140 cm.
The concrete is steel fiber concrete.
The strength grade of the concrete is at least over B30, and the mixing amount of the concrete and the steel fiber is not less than 35kg/m 3.
The height difference between the construction branch tunnel and the tailrace tunnel is 10-15 m.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the reverse broaching and reaming drill bits with different diameters to carry out reverse broaching and backfills concrete after the first reverse broaching and reaming, so that the second reverse broaching and reaming is carried out to form a concrete support layer with a certain thickness (10-20cm) on the wall of the slag sliding hole II, and the concrete is backfilled at the construction branch hole part at the lower part of the well body to form a gravity pier for bearing the concrete support layer at the upper part, thereby playing a role of supporting and protecting and increasing the safety coefficient of the structure. By the construction method, the shaft chute slag well is increased, the stability of the shaft wall of the shaft is improved, the collapse of the shaft wall is prevented, the stone slag collision resistance is enhanced, and the chute slag is smooth, so that the purposes of accelerating the construction progress, improving the construction efficiency and ensuring the construction safety are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an engineering arrangement of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first counter-pulling broaching in the example.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the construction of backfilled concrete in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the second counter-pulling broaching in the example.
1. A ceiling space; 2. a traffic hole; 3. a shaft; 4. constructing branch holes; 5. a tailwater tunnel; 6. a shaft vent hole; 7. a pilot hole I; 8. a large-diameter reverse-broaching reamer bit; 9. a rig floor; 10. a slag sliding hole I; 11. slag returning; 12. grouting vehicle; 13. a pulp conveying pipe; 14. backfilling concrete; 15. a raise boring machine; 16. a small-diameter reverse-broaching reamer bit; 17. concrete gravity piers; 18. a concrete supporting layer; 19. a loading vehicle; 20. a slag discharging vehicle; 21. a pilot hole II; 22. and a slag sliding hole II.
Detailed Description
The embodiment is a shaft slag sliding well excavation supporting method, which is mainly used for reinforcing a shaft slag sliding hole, and solves the problems that the wall of the deep-buried surge shaft slag sliding hole is unstable under complex geological conditions, and further, the collapse of one part of a shaft body section of a large-diameter shaft is possibly caused, so that the construction risk is increased, and the efficiency is reduced.
In this embodiment, a pumped storage power station is taken as an example for explanation, and the power station is composed of an upper water reservoir, a lower water reservoir, a diversion tunnel, a high-pressure shaft, an underground plant, a main transformer room, a tail water surge shaft, a tail water tunnel and other buildings, a general installation machine 314MW, two units and a power generation head 440 m. The tail water pressure regulating well upper chamber is shaped like a near-urban portal, the diameter of a tunnel body section is 16.9m, and the burial depth is about 250-350 m. The tunnel section rock mass is basalt and volcanic debris, interbedded development and joint development, and has a structure development such as an extrusion deformation zone and a fault, the rock mass quality is poor, the surrounding rock category is mainly IV, the local V type is adopted, and the excavation mode is reverse shaft method slag sliding excavation.
The specific construction method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S01, preparing a construction space. After excavation and support are carried out in the top space of the upper end of the surge shaft (the shaft to be excavated), the elevation-176.70 site is leveled to form a drilling rig platform, a portal crane is installed, and facilities such as a wind, water, electricity and slurry circulating pool are installed, so that the construction conditions of the raise-reversing method are met.
And after the field leveling is finished and the wind, water and electricity are prepared, hoisting the BMC300 raise boring machine by using a gantry crane, and installing the raise boring machine and supporting facilities thereof. The BMC300 raise boring machine comprises: the system comprises a host system, a drilling tool system, a hydraulic and electric control system, an auxiliary system, an operating system, a slurry system, a cooling system and the like. According to the actual situation of the site, a host, a pump station, an operation platform, a starting box and the like are respectively placed at corresponding positions. The drilling center and the drilling angle are determined to be accurate through measurement and calibration, the drilling machine is normally debugged, and the drilling operation can be carried out if the water supply and the power supply are normal.
During the process of the top space of the tunnel, after the traffic tunnel is finished, construction branch tunnel excavation can be carried out, the designed section is a city gate tunnel type with the height of 4m multiplied by the width of 4m and the diameter of the top of the tunnel of 4m, the tunnel is excavated from the entrance of the traffic tunnel to the lower part of the shaft to be excavated and is excavated to the shaft to be excavated, and the tunnel penetrates through the shaft axis for a certain distance. The construction branch hole mainly serves as a slag discharging channel and provides installation space for the inverted drill bit. Due to poor geological conditions, mainly IV and partial V, the cavern needs to be supported in time to ensure the stability of the cavern.
The tail water tunnel excavation of the bottom of the shaft to be excavated is a slag discharging channel of surge shaft slag, and the excavation needs to be finished before the excavation of the pilot hole II in the step S05. The tailrace tunnel is lower than the construction branch tunnel, and the height difference between the construction branch tunnel and the tailrace tunnel is 10-15 m.
S02, conducting pilot hole I drilling work from the top by using a pilot hole drill bit with the diameter phi of 241 mm. The drilling speed is 10-20r/min, the drilling pressure is 450-550KN, and the torque is 20-30 kg/m. For rock slag generated by drilling of the pilot hole I, the rock slag is flushed to a grit chamber through hole flushing water and is cleaned in time, a large amount of silt is prevented from entering a water pumping tank, rock debris in holes must be completely discharged after drilling of each drill rod is completed, the drill rods can be connected and disconnected by stopping pumping after circulating water becomes clear, the guide hole is matched with the perforated drill rod through the perforated centralizer when drilling, the slag is discharged from the guide hole in a positive circulation mode, and the rock slag is flushed after drilling of each drill rod. The guide hole drills from-176.7 m to the top elevation of the construction branch hole of-265 m, and the top space of the hole is communicated with the construction branch hole.
And S03, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole I with the large-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute hole I extending from the construction branch hole to the top space of the tunnel. Before reaming, good communication between the upper and lower cavities should be established to facilitate the removal and installation of the pilot bit and reamer bit. And a sufficient space is ensured for installing the expanding drill bit in the construction branch hole, and the diameter of the drill bit is 160cm-180 cm. After the reaming bit is installed, the drilling tool is lifted at a low speed until the hob of the drilling bit starts to contact with the rock, then the drilling tool stops lifting, rotates at the lowest rotating speed, slowly feeds the drilling bit and ensures that the hob of the drilling bit is not damaged by overlarge impact, a specially-assigned person is arranged at the position of a construction branch hole for observation, the condition is timely notified to an operator, and normal reaming and drilling can be carried out only when the drilling bit is completely and uniformly contacted with the rock. The drilling speed is 5-11r/min, the drilling pressure is 1000-1250KN, and the torque is 50-60 kg/m. The broken slag that gets off of reaming in time of the reaming drilling in order to clear up prevents that the end opening from blockking up. The reaming process is also a process of detaching the drill rod, and the detached drill rod needs to be cleaned, smeared with screw thread oil and provided with a protective cap. When the drill bit drills to a position 3m away from the foundation, the drill bit needs to drill at a low speed, whether abnormal phenomena exist around the foundation or not needs to be carefully observed, and if the abnormal phenomena exist, measures need to be taken timely.
And S04, plugging the construction branch holes through the templates to enable the construction branch holes and the slag sliding holes I in the range of the vertical shaft to form a chamber to be backfilled, wherein the opening is formed in the upper end of the slag sliding hole I, and backfilling concrete into the chamber to be backfilled through a grouting vehicle and a slurry conveying pipe.
In order to ensure the strength of concrete and increase the stability of the wall of the slag chute, steel fiber concrete is adopted. The strength grade of the concrete is at least over B30, and the mixing amount of the concrete and the steel fiber is not less than 35kg/m 3. During the self-weight concrete grouting backfilling, after concrete pouring of each truck is finished, the height of the liquid level of the concrete is measured by using the measuring ropes from time to time so as to calculate the difference between the actual backfilling square amount and the designed backfilling square amount.
And S05, after concrete backfilling is completed, constructing a pilot hole II downwards along the axis of the shaft to be excavated from the space at the top of the tunnel, penetrating through the construction branch tunnel until the tail water tunnel below is communicated, wherein the construction method of the pilot hole II is the same as that of the pilot hole I in the S02.
And S06, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole II with a small-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute II extending from the tailwater tunnel to the top space of the tunnel. It should be noted that the raise boring is installed and drilled according to the original position, and the raise boring is drilled to the top of the tail water tunnel, and the small-diameter back-pull reamer bit (diameter 140cm) is replaced to perform back-pull from bottom to top, so that the formed back slag falls to the bottom plate of the tail water tunnel by self weight and is transported out by a loading vehicle and a slag discharging vehicle. The bottom of the tail water tunnel also becomes a slag discharging channel of the tail water surge shaft.
After the reverse broaching and hole expanding are finished, the aperture of the slag sliding hole I is larger than that of the slag sliding hole II, a concrete supporting layer with the thickness of 10-20cm is formed on the side wall of the slag sliding hole II above the construction branch hole, and a concrete gravity pier for bearing the upper concrete supporting layer is formed in the construction branch hole. The concrete supporting layer ensures the stability of the slag sliding hole and leaves a stable channel for further excavation construction.
Claims (5)
1. A vertical shaft slag sliding well excavation supporting method is characterized in that:
s01, completing excavation and supporting of the top space of the top of the tunnel at the upper end of the shaft to be excavated; completing excavation support of a construction branch hole at the lower part of the vertical shaft to be excavated, wherein the construction branch hole is excavated to the inside of the vertical shaft to be excavated; finishing the excavation of a tailrace tunnel at the bottom of the shaft to be excavated, wherein the position of the tailrace tunnel is lower than the construction branch tunnel;
s02, constructing a pilot hole I from the top space of the tunnel along the axial line of the shaft to be excavated until the pilot hole I is communicated with the construction branch tunnel below the pilot hole;
s03, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole I with a large-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute hole I extending from the construction branch hole to the top space of the hole;
s04, plugging the construction branch holes to enable the construction branch holes in the range of the vertical shaft and the slag sliding holes I to form a chamber to be backfilled, wherein the opening is formed in the upper end of the slag sliding holes I, and concrete is backfilled into the chamber to be backfilled;
s05, constructing a pilot hole II downwards along the axial line of the shaft to be excavated from the top space of the tunnel, penetrating through the construction branch tunnel until the pilot hole II is communicated with the tailrace tunnel below;
s06, performing reverse broaching and reaming by matching the pilot hole II with a small-diameter reverse broaching and reaming bit to form a slag chute II extending from the tailwater tunnel to the top space of the tunnel;
and a concrete support layer is formed on the side wall of the slag chute II above the construction branch tunnel, and a concrete gravity pier for bearing the upper concrete support layer is formed in the construction branch tunnel.
2. The method for excavating and supporting the shaft slag well according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the large-diameter reverse broaching bit is 160-180 cm; the diameter of the small-diameter reverse broaching bit is 140 cm.
3. The method for excavating and supporting the shaft ore pass according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the concrete is steel fiber concrete.
4. The shaft slag shaft excavation supporting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the strength grade of the concrete is at least over B30, and the mixing amount of the concrete and the steel fiber is not less than 35kg/m 3.
5. The method for excavating and supporting the shaft slag well according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the height difference between the construction branch tunnel and the tailrace tunnel is 10-15 m.
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| CN202011345813.6A CN112360468B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Excavation supporting method for vertical shaft slag sliding well |
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| CN202011345813.6A CN112360468B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Excavation supporting method for vertical shaft slag sliding well |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113863243A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2021-12-31 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Construction method for quickly excavating underground powerhouse of hydropower station |
| CN118065906A (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-05-24 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Vertical shaft back-drilling stepping type while-drilling supporting equipment |
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| CN105298499A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-02-03 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | Excavation deviation processing method of raise-boring machine for deep vertical shaft |
| CN110952986A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-03 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Secondary shaft expanding and digging method and steel platform |
| CN111894596A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-06 | 广西路桥工程集团有限公司 | Vertical shaft raise construction method |
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2020
- 2020-11-25 CN CN202011345813.6A patent/CN112360468B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010031544A (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-12 | East Japan Railway Co | Hole wall protecting method of cast in place pile |
| CN102305075A (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2012-01-04 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Vertical shaft construction method under unfavorable geological condition |
| CN102493809A (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2012-06-13 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Comprehensive shaft sinking method of positive and raising boring for vertical shaft |
| CN103850684A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-06-11 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Sinking technology for expanding pilot well drilled by raise-boring machine, by using vertical well heading machine |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113863243A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2021-12-31 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Construction method for quickly excavating underground powerhouse of hydropower station |
| CN118065906A (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-05-24 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Vertical shaft back-drilling stepping type while-drilling supporting equipment |
| CN118065906B (en) * | 2024-04-24 | 2024-06-18 | 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 | Vertical shaft back-drilling stepping type while-drilling supporting equipment |
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| CN112360468B (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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