CN112349171A - Driving safety simulation system and method based on virtual reality technology - Google Patents
Driving safety simulation system and method based on virtual reality technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112349171A CN112349171A CN202011256240.XA CN202011256240A CN112349171A CN 112349171 A CN112349171 A CN 112349171A CN 202011256240 A CN202011256240 A CN 202011256240A CN 112349171 A CN112349171 A CN 112349171A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a driving safety simulation system and method based on a virtual reality technology, and the technical scheme is as follows: the system comprises a virtual road scene establishing module, a simulation driving system and a data analysis system, wherein the virtual road scene establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional model for setting a road route; the simulated driving system comprises an information acquisition module and a driving simulator, wherein the virtual road scene establishment module and the information acquisition module are respectively connected with the input end of the driving simulator; the data analysis system is connected with the output end of the driving simulator and used for analyzing driving behaviors and vehicle running characteristics according to the output data of the driving simulator so as to judge road sections with potential traffic safety hazards. The invention can truly simulate the road traffic scene, and analyzes the driving behavior by collecting the physiological information, the eye movement information and the like of the driver so as to evaluate the road traffic safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of road safety, in particular to a driving safety simulation system and method based on a virtual reality technology.
Background
In recent years, road traffic accidents in China are on a rising trend, and at present, the road traffic accidents are still one of the countries with serious traffic injuries in the world, the traffic safety situation is very severe, and the task of ensuring the road traffic safety is very arduous. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the road safety condition in advance to reduce the accident rate.
The virtual reality technology is a computer simulation system capable of creating and experiencing a virtual world, and compared with real vehicle tests, safety is undoubtedly increased by performing safe simulation on roads through the virtual reality technology. The inventor finds that the virtual reality technology is mostly used for driving training at present, and has some problems for the application of driving safety. For example: because the real road scene is complex, the road segments are unreasonably divided, so that the road scene cannot be completely and truly simulated; the characteristic collection of the driver in the process of simulating driving is not complete, so that the evaluation result has errors and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a driving safety simulation system and method based on a virtual reality technology, which can truly simulate a road traffic scene and analyze driving behaviors by collecting physiological information, eye movement information and the like of a driver so as to evaluate the road traffic safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a driving safety simulation system based on a virtual reality technology, including:
the virtual road scene establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional model of a set road route;
the simulated driving system comprises an information acquisition module and a driving simulator, wherein the virtual road scene establishment module and the information acquisition module are respectively connected with the input end of the driving simulator;
and the data analysis system is connected with the output end of the driving simulator and used for analyzing the driving behavior and the vehicle running characteristics according to the output data of the driving simulator so as to judge the road sections with potential traffic safety hazards.
As a further implementation mode, the virtual road scene establishing module establishes a virtual reality environment according to the parameter information of the plane, the longitudinal plane and the cross section of the set road route.
As a further implementation manner, the information acquisition module includes a physiological information detection module and an eye movement information detection module, the physiological information detection module is used for acquiring physiological change information of the driver in the driving experiment process, and the eye movement information detection module is used for acquiring visual information of the driver in the driving experiment process.
As a further implementation mode, the physiological information detection module comprises a data acquisition unit, a heart rate sensor, a skin electric sensor, a myoelectric sensor, a respiration sensor and a temperature sensor which are connected with the data acquisition unit.
As a further implementation, the eye movement information detection module includes an eye movement instrument.
As a further implementation manner, the data analysis system includes a physiological information analysis module and an operation speed analysis module, the physiological information analysis module is used for obtaining a basic statistical value of a signal acquired by the physiological information detection module, and the operation speed analysis module is used for analyzing a speed characteristic of vehicle operation.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a driving safety simulation method based on a virtual reality technology, where the simulation system is adopted, and the method includes:
establishing a virtual road scene model, and importing the virtual road scene model into a driving simulator;
the driving process simulation is carried out through a simulation driving system, wherein the physiological information detection module and the eye movement information detection module respectively transmit the acquired information to a driving simulator;
the driving simulator outputs the acquired signals to a data analysis system, and the data analysis system processes physiological information of a driver and simulates vehicle running information in a driving system.
As a further implementation, the road route is divided into a plurality of analysis units, and the starting point and the end point of each analysis unit are characteristic points of the predicted operation speed.
As a further implementation mode, different drivers are replaced to carry out multiple driving simulation so as to obtain multiple sets of parameter information; and replacing different vehicle types to obtain different operation data.
As a further implementation, during driving simulation, the vehicle travels from the starting point to the end point of the set road segment in the virtual road scene model, and collects speed information during the operation.
The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:
(1) the virtual road scene establishing module of one or more embodiments of the invention establishes a virtual reality environment according to the plane, longitudinal plane and cross section parameter information of the set road route, and can simulate a real road scene;
(2) in one or more embodiments of the invention, physiological signals of a driver in the driving process are collected through a heart rate sensor, a skin electric sensor, a myoelectric sensor and the like, eye movement information is obtained through an eye movement instrument, and driving behaviors are analyzed through combination of the physiological signals and the eye movement signals, so that a basis is provided for analyzing road safety;
(3) one or more embodiments of the present invention divide a road route into a plurality of segments to form a number of analysis units, improving the authenticity of the analysis.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a physiological information detection module according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is an AVHR feature of start-end different line element attributes of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments;
FIG. 3(b) is an AVHR feature of an endpoint-start distinct line element attribute in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4(a) is an SDNN feature of start-end different line element attributes in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4(b) is an SDNN feature of end-to-start different line element attributes in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 5(a) -5 (d) are point of regard profiles for multiple drivers in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a driving safety simulation system based on a virtual reality technology, as shown in fig. 1, comprising:
the virtual road scene establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional model of a set road route;
the simulated driving system comprises an information acquisition module and a driving simulator, wherein the virtual road scene establishment module and the information acquisition module are respectively connected with the input end of the driving simulator;
and the data analysis system is connected with the output end of the driving simulator and used for analyzing the driving behavior and the vehicle running characteristics according to the output data of the driving simulator so as to judge the road sections with potential traffic safety hazards.
Specifically, the virtual road scene establishing module establishes a virtual reality environment according to the plane, longitudinal plane and cross section parameter information of the set road route. And (4) making a virtual traffic scene according to the highway design information of the project road section, and establishing a three-dimensional model of the road scene by adopting UC-win/road software.
As shown in fig. 2, the information acquisition module includes a physiological information detection module and an eye movement information detection module, the physiological information detection module is used for acquiring physiological change information of the driver in the driving experiment process, and the eye movement information detection module is used for acquiring visual information of the driver in the driving experiment process. The physiological information detection module and the eye movement information detection module respectively transmit information to the driving simulator, and the driving simulator is provided with an image display module and can display data information.
Furthermore, the physiological information detection module can record and detect the physiological change condition of an individual driver in real time when the individual driver drives an automobile or a driving simulator in a real natural state, and comprises a data acquisition unit, a heart rate sensor, a skin-electricity sensor, a myoelectricity sensor, a respiration sensor and a temperature sensor, wherein the heart rate sensor, the skin-electricity sensor, the myoelectricity sensor, the respiration sensor and the temperature sensor are connected with the data acquisition unit; the sensors are respectively fixed at corresponding positions of the driver when in use.
The eye movement information detection module comprises an eye movement instrument, in the embodiment, a glasses type eye movement instrument is adopted, preferably, a G2 glasses type eye movement instrument manufactured by Tobii corporation is adopted, and compared with a placed type eye movement instrument, the G2 glasses type eye movement instrument can capture all visual behaviors of a driver and has smaller interference on the driver than a helmet type eye movement instrument. The G2 eye movement instrument ensures that the safety of a driver is guaranteed to the maximum extent while the complete, accurate and effective eye movement data are collected, and has a plurality of eye movement index recording and analyzing functions of a fixation point, a sweeping point, a pupil and the like.
The data analysis system comprises a physiological information analysis module and an operation speed analysis module, wherein the physiological information analysis module is used for obtaining basic statistical values of signals acquired by the physiological information detection module, and the operation speed analysis module is used for analyzing speed characteristics of vehicle operation.
Furthermore, the physiological information analysis module adopts ErgoLAB multifunctional data processing and analysis software, and can calculate basic statistical values (average value, maximum value, minimum value, root mean square) and the like of the information acquired by the physiological information detection module.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a driving safety simulation method based on a virtual reality technology, and the simulation system of the embodiment comprises:
establishing a virtual road scene model, and importing the virtual road scene model into a driving simulator;
the driving process simulation is carried out through a simulation driving system, wherein the physiological information detection module and the eye movement information detection module respectively transmit the acquired information to a driving simulator;
the driving simulator outputs the acquired signals to a data analysis system, and the data analysis system processes physiological information of a driver and simulates vehicle running information in a driving system.
Furthermore, the whole route is divided into a plurality of analysis units such as a straight section (short straight section), a longitudinal slope section, a flat curve section, a curved slope combined section, a tunnel section and an intercommunicated three-dimensional crossing section, and the starting point and the ending point of each analysis unit are characteristic points for predicting the running speed.
Wherein, a straight line segment with the gradient of the longitudinal slope less than 3 percent and a large-radius curve with the radius more than 1000m form a straight line segment; a straight line segment with the gradient of the longitudinal slope less than 3 percent and a small-radius curve-shaped flat curve segment with the radius not more than 1000 m; a straight line section with the gradient of the longitudinal slope not less than 3 percent and a large-radius curve with the radius more than 1000m form a longitudinal slope section; a straight line section with the gradient of the longitudinal slope not less than 3 percent and a small-radius curve with the radius not more than 1000m form a curved slope combined section; and when the straight line section is positioned between the two small-radius curve sections and the length of the straight line section is smaller than the critical value of 200m, the straight line section is regarded as a short straight section, and the running speed of the vehicle on the section is kept unchanged. The tunnel section is preferably 200m before entering the tunnel portal to 100m after exiting the tunnel.
In this embodiment, the blue and green road section of the long and deep road is taken as an experimental section, and the section of the blue and green road section of the long and deep road (K1480-1536) in the starting point-ending point direction and the section of the ending point-starting point direction are respectively divided into 23 analysis units according to the actual relevant parameters of the road design file.
TABLE 1 route analysis Unit partitioning
The UC-winRoad system is utilized to establish a driving simulation virtual reality environment of the green road section of the long and deep road, the virtual reality environment is constructed completely according to the design indexes of a plane, a longitudinal plane and a cross section, and the real appearance of the green road section of the long and deep road can be truly and accurately reproduced.
In the experimental process, the driver wears the psychophysiological detection equipment to simulate driving in the road section virtual environment, and the experimental data output by the simulated driver is used for analysis and evaluation. Carrying out multiple driving simulation by replacing different drivers to obtain multiple sets of parameter information; and replacing different vehicle types to obtain different operation data.
The simulation driving system utilizes a three-dimensional image instant generation technology, an automobile dynamics simulation physical system, a large-view field display technology (such as a multi-channel stereoscopic projection system), a user input hardware system, a stereo, a central control system and the like to enable a driver to feel visual, auditory and somatosensory automobile driving experience close to a real effect in a virtual driving environment. The driving simulation can realize the vivid simulation of the steering, braking and acceleration of the automobile, and can realize the real three-dimensional scene and vivid sound simulation.
The system can record and detect the physiological change condition of a driver individual when the driver individual drives an automobile or a simulator in a real natural state in real time, analyzes the physical and mental health state, emotional stability and the like of the individual according to the physiological change trend under specific stimulation, synchronously records indexes of the individual such as ECG electrocardio, GSR skin electricity, EMG, HR heart rate, HRV heart rate variability and the like by adopting a wireless radio frequency physiological recording technology, and analyzes the change states of sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves of the individual in a specific environment and an activity state.
In the embodiment, from the running speed of the vehicle, the safety evaluation is carried out on the long and deep expressway (K1480-K1536) to find the road section with the potential traffic safety hazard on the road section.
When driving simulation is carried out, the vehicle runs to the terminal point along the starting point of the set road section in the virtual road scene model, and speed information in the running process is collected. In the embodiment, the collected 29 effective tested vehicles (19 tested passenger vehicles, 5 tested trucks and 5 tested passenger vehicles) are drawn into a curve graph and a linear element speed difference graph from the starting point to the end point of the driving, according to the analysis of experimental data, the speed span of the 29 tested vehicles in the whole driving process is mainly concentrated at 80-130km/h, and the speed span of the trucks and the passenger vehicles is mainly concentrated at 60-100 km/h. Although the running speed fluctuates to some extent, the speed spans of 29 human subjects are slightly different for each human subject, and it is seen that the running speeds of different drivers are different due to individual perception.
Under the influence of road linearity and road actual state, the speed difference distribution of the starting point and the end point of the line element is concentrated, and the tested data with driving fatigue and driving drowsiness are removed by combining the video recording condition in the actual experiment process, so that the real effectiveness of the experiment result is ensured.
The data analysis is carried out on the collected physiological information, including electrocardio data analysis, electromyogram data analysis, skin electricity data analysis and eye movement information analysis, when the electrocardio data analysis is carried out, heart rate variability indexes AVHR and SDNN are calculated according to the electrocardio information obtained by testing, the rule of AVHR of each tested individual on different line element attributes is shown in fig. 3(a) and fig. 3(b), the AVHR values of different tested individuals in the round trip are shown to be between 65 and 105 times/minute, the AVHR value of each individual is stable, and the difference between individuals is obvious. It is thus still difficult to see significant differences in AVHR values within different line elements, and therefore SDNN was further analyzed.
The rule of the SDNN of each tested line element with different line element attributes is shown in fig. 4(a) and 4(b), and as can be seen from the SDNN values of different line elements in the round trip, a large peak value appears in each tested line element, line elements with the SDNN value larger than the individual 95% quantile are screened out, and as can be seen from table 2, among the line elements of the straight road section 5(4 times), the straight road section 8(3 times) and the longitudinal slope road section 5(3 times), the SDNN values have more peaks, and the heart rate variability of the driver is large.
TABLE 2 SDNN Peak distribution of different line element attributes
When electromyographic data (skin electricity data analysis) is carried out, the average level of electromyographic (skin electricity) of each category is calculated according to the classification of line elements, and the individual difference is large, so that the individual is further analyzed, and the line elements with the electromyographic (skin electricity) value larger than the 95% quantiles of the individual are screened out.
When the eye movement information is analyzed, firstly, the basic statistical analysis is carried out on the fixation time length, and then the distribution condition of the fixation points is analyzed. As can be seen from fig. 5(a) -5 (d), the gazing hot spot area can be divided into 2 parts, wherein the upper hot spot area is the area where the driver observes the road conditions in front of and on both sides, and the lower hot spot area is the area where the driver focuses on the dashboard. The embodiment mainly focuses on the gazing behaviors of drivers in different road environments, so that the upper hot spot area is extracted according to the distribution situation of the gazing points, and further analysis is performed by combining the road environments.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a driving safety simulation system based on virtual reality technique which characterized in that includes:
the virtual road scene establishing module is used for establishing a three-dimensional model of a set road route;
the simulated driving system comprises an information acquisition module and a driving simulator, wherein the virtual road scene establishment module and the information acquisition module are respectively connected with the input end of the driving simulator;
and the data analysis system is connected with the output end of the driving simulator and used for analyzing the driving behavior and the vehicle running characteristics according to the output data of the driving simulator so as to judge the road sections with potential traffic safety hazards.
2. The driving safety simulation system based on virtual reality technology of claim 1, wherein the virtual road scene establishment module establishes the virtual reality environment according to the plane, longitudinal plane and cross section parameter information of the set road route.
3. The driving safety simulation system based on the virtual reality technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the information collection module includes a physiological information detection module and an eye movement information detection module, the physiological information detection module is used for acquiring physiological change information of the driver during the driving experiment, and the eye movement information detection module is used for acquiring visual information of the driver during the driving experiment.
4. The driving safety simulation system based on the virtual reality technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein the physiological information detection module comprises a data acquisition unit, a heart rate sensor, a galvanic skin sensor, a myoelectricity sensor, a respiration sensor and a temperature sensor which are connected with the data acquisition unit.
5. The driving safety simulation system based on virtual reality technology of claim 3, wherein the eye movement information detection module comprises an eye tracker.
6. The driving safety simulation system based on virtual reality technology of claim 1, wherein the data analysis system comprises a physiological information analysis module and an operation speed analysis module, the physiological information analysis module is used for obtaining basic statistics of signals collected by the physiological information detection module, and the operation speed analysis module is used for analyzing speed characteristics of vehicle operation.
7. A driving safety simulation method based on virtual reality technology, characterized in that the simulation system according to any one of claims 1-6 is adopted, comprising:
establishing a virtual road scene model, and importing the virtual road scene model into a driving simulator;
the driving process simulation is carried out through a simulation driving system, wherein the physiological information detection module and the eye movement information detection module respectively transmit the acquired information to a driving simulator;
the driving simulator outputs the acquired signals to a data analysis system, and the data analysis system processes physiological information of a driver and simulates vehicle running information in a driving system.
8. The driving safety simulation method based on virtual reality technology as claimed in claim 7, wherein the road route is divided into a plurality of analysis units, and the starting point and the end point of each analysis unit are characteristic points of the predicted operation speed.
9. A driving safety simulation method based on virtual reality technology according to claim 7, characterized in that different drivers are replaced to perform a plurality of driving simulation to obtain a plurality of sets of parameter information; and replacing different vehicle types to obtain different operation data.
10. The driving safety simulation method based on the virtual reality technology as claimed in claim 7, wherein during driving simulation, the driving is performed along a starting point to an end point of a set road section in the virtual road scene model, and speed information during the operation is collected.
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