CN112345641A - Turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block and method - Google Patents
Turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112345641A CN112345641A CN202011157191.4A CN202011157191A CN112345641A CN 112345641 A CN112345641 A CN 112345641A CN 202011157191 A CN202011157191 A CN 202011157191A CN 112345641 A CN112345641 A CN 112345641A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block and a method, wherein the test block comprises a martensitic stainless steel block, wherein the martensitic stainless steel block is provided with a first transverse through hole, a second transverse through hole, a third transverse through hole, a first artificial crack groove, a second artificial crack groove, a third artificial crack groove and a fourth artificial crack groove, wherein the first transverse through hole, the second transverse through hole and the third transverse through hole are positioned on one side of the martensitic stainless steel block, and the first artificial crack groove, the second artificial crack groove, the third artificial crack groove and the fourth artificial crack groove are positioned on the other side of the martensitic stainless steel block; the depths of the first artificial crack groove, the second artificial crack groove, the third artificial crack groove and the fourth artificial crack groove are different; the distances between the first transverse through hole, the second transverse through hole and the third transverse through hole and the end part of the martensitic stainless steel block are different, and the test block and the method can realize quantitative detection of defects on the turbine blade.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and relates to an ultrasonic testing test block and method for a turbine blade.
Background
The blade is the most various and numerous parts in the steam turbine, and comprises a blade body, a blade root, a shroud and the like. During operation, the blades are subjected to high temperature and high pressure, and all the blades generate huge centrifugal force and vibration caused by exciting force due to high rotating speed, so that the frequency of accidents of the blades is higher than that of other turbine parts. In recent 10 years, with the development of thermal power generation technology, the scale of large steam turbine installations in power stations in China is increased successively in recent years, and a unit with capacity of 600MW or more becomes a main unit. The working parameters of the blade are higher and higher, and the safety and reliability are more and more important.
At present, surface wave probes, special straight probes, transverse wave oblique probes and the like are mainly used for ultrasonic detection of turbine blades, but when the detection system is used, all detection sensitivities are determined by referring to reflection echoes of different blade structures. When the blade body of the blade is detected by adopting the surface wave method, the detection sensitivity is that the surface wave probe is over against the end of the blade, the front edge distance of the probe is 40mm away from the end, the reference echo gain is 20dB, and the damage wave height is not less than 10 dB. During actual detection, the blade end forms are different and difficult to uniformly specify, and the amplitude difference of reflected echoes of the end bodies in different forms is large, so that a great error exists in judging the waste of the defect waves.
Therefore, the turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block and the method are designed and developed to solve the problems of sensitivity difference caused by coupling surface condition difference, defect shape difference, different base body materials and the like, defect size, incapability of quantifying and the like when real object calibration is adopted at present, and realize accurate calibration of blade ultrasonic detection sensitivity and uniform quantitative calibration of defect sizes such as cracks and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an ultrasonic detection test block and a method for a steam turbine blade, and the test block and the method can realize quantitative detection of the defects on the steam turbine blade.
In order to achieve the purpose, the ultrasonic detection test block for the steam turbine blade comprises a martensitic stainless steel block, wherein the martensitic stainless steel block is provided with a first transverse through hole, a second transverse through hole, a third transverse through hole, a first artificial crack groove, a second artificial crack groove, a third artificial crack groove and a fourth artificial crack groove, wherein the first transverse through hole, the second transverse through hole and the third transverse through hole are positioned on one side of the martensitic stainless steel block, and the first artificial crack groove, the second artificial crack groove, the third artificial crack groove and the fourth artificial crack groove are positioned on the other side of the martensitic stainless steel block; the depths of the first artificial crack groove, the second artificial crack groove, the third artificial crack groove and the fourth artificial crack groove are different; the distances between the first transverse through hole, the second transverse through hole and the third transverse through hole and the end part of the martensitic stainless steel block are different.
The length, width and height of the martensitic stainless steel block are 260mm, 25mm and 140mm respectively.
The aperture of the first transverse through hole, the aperture of the second transverse through hole and the aperture of the third transverse through hole are all 1mm, and the length of the first transverse through hole, the length of the second transverse through hole and the length of the third transverse through hole are all 25 mm.
The distances between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block and the second transverse through hole, the distances between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block and the first transverse through hole and between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block and the third transverse through hole are respectively 40mm, 60mm and 120 mm.
The depths of the first artificial crack groove, the second artificial crack groove, the third artificial crack groove and the fourth artificial crack groove are respectively 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm and 2.0 mm.
The distance between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block and the first artificial crack groove, the distance between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block and the second artificial crack groove, the distance between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block and the third artificial crack.
The first transverse through hole, the second transverse through hole, the third transverse through hole, the first artificial crack groove, the second artificial crack groove, the third artificial crack groove and the fourth artificial crack groove are all machined by adopting an electric spark process.
An ultrasonic detection method for a turbine blade comprises the following steps:
1) connecting an ultrasonic probe with an ultrasonic detection instrument;
2) placing an ultrasonic probe on an ultrasonic detection test block of a turbine blade, aligning the ultrasonic probe to any one of a first artificial crack groove, a second artificial crack groove, a third artificial crack groove and a fourth artificial crack groove, then finely adjusting the position of the ultrasonic probe to enable the ultrasonic reflection amplitude of the artificial crack groove to be maximum, adjusting the gain to enable the ultrasonic reflection amplitude to be 80% of full-screen scale, then moving the ultrasonic probe to different positions and facing the artificial crack grooves, and drawing a distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve according to a detection result;
3) and selecting a straight probe or an inclined probe, acquiring the amplitude of waves with the height of 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm and 130mm from the transverse through hole by using the first transverse through hole, the second transverse through hole and the third transverse through hole by using the straight probe or the inclined probe, and drawing a distance-amplitude curve according to the amplitude.
4) Determining detection sensitivity and waste judgment sensitivity;
5) the method comprises the steps of detecting a turbine blade to be detected by utilizing an ultrasonic probe and a straight probe, or detecting the turbine blade to be detected by utilizing the ultrasonic probe and an inclined probe, comparing a detection result with a distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve and a distance-amplitude curve, judging whether the turbine blade to be detected has defects according to the comparison result and detection sensitivity, and judging whether the turbine blade to be detected is scrapped according to the waste judgment sensitivity to finish the ultrasonic detection of the turbine blade.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to an ultrasonic detection test block for a steam turbine blade and a method thereof, wherein during specific operation, the ultrasonic detection test block for the steam turbine blade is designed, the ultrasonic detection test block for the steam turbine blade is detected through an ultrasonic probe, a straight probe and an inclined probe to draw a distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve and a distance-amplitude curve, and simultaneously determine detection sensitivity and waste judgment sensitivity, then the steam turbine blade to be detected is detected, and then the detection result is compared with the distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve and the distance-amplitude curve, and simultaneously according to the comparison result, whether the steam turbine blade to be detected has defects or not and whether the steam turbine blade to be detected is scrapped or not is judged according to the detection sensitivity and the waste judgment sensitivity, so that quantitative detection on the defects on the steam turbine blade is realized, and the problems that the situation of the coupling surface is different when the current steam turbine blade is subjected to real, Sensitivity difference caused by defect shape difference, material difference and the like, and the problem that the size equivalent of the crack defect can not be quantitatively calibrated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention in a different orientation than FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distance-reflection amplitude equivalence curve in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention for fir-tree blade body and root detection;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a physical blade with a defect 11 for verification in an example of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a waveform of ultrasonic testing of a blade for defects 11 in the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a martensitic stainless steel block, 2 is a first transverse through hole, 3 is a second transverse through hole, 4 is a third transverse through hole, 5 is a fourth artificial crack groove, 6 is a third artificial crack groove, 7 is a first artificial crack groove, 8 is a second artificial crack groove, 9 is a turbine blade to be detected, 10 is an ultrasonic probe, and 11 is a defect.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the ultrasonic testing block for the turbine blade according to the present invention includes a martensitic stainless steel block 1, the martensitic stainless steel block 1 is provided with a first transverse through hole 2, a second transverse through hole 3, a third transverse through hole 4, a first artificial crack groove 7, a second artificial crack groove 8, a third artificial crack groove 6 and a fourth artificial crack groove 5, wherein the first transverse through hole 2, the second transverse through hole 3 and the third transverse through hole 4 are located on one side of the martensitic stainless steel block 1, and the first artificial crack groove 7, the second artificial crack groove 8, the third artificial crack groove 6 and the fourth artificial crack groove 5 are located on the other side of the martensitic stainless steel block 1; the depths of the first artificial crack groove 7, the second artificial crack groove 8, the third artificial crack groove 6 and the fourth artificial crack groove 5 are different; the distances between the first transverse through hole 2, the second transverse through hole 3 and the third transverse through hole 4 and the end part of the martensitic stainless steel block 1 are different.
The length, width and height of the martensitic stainless steel block 1 are 260mm, 25mm and 140mm, respectively.
The aperture of the first transverse through hole 2, the aperture of the second transverse through hole 3 and the aperture of the third transverse through hole 4 are all 1mm, and the length of the first transverse through hole 2, the length of the second transverse through hole 3 and the length of the third transverse through hole 4 are all 25 mm.
The distances between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block 1 and the second transverse through hole 3, the first transverse through hole 2 and the third transverse through hole 4 are 40mm, 60mm and 120mm respectively.
The depths of the first artificial crack groove 7, the second artificial crack groove 8, the third artificial crack groove 6 and the fourth artificial crack groove 5 are 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm and 2.0mm respectively.
The distances between the end face of the martensitic stainless steel block 1 and the first artificial crack groove 7, the second artificial crack groove 8, the third artificial crack groove 6 and the fourth artificial crack groove 5 are all 35 mm.
The first transverse through hole 2, the second transverse through hole 3, the third transverse through hole 4, the first artificial crack groove 7, the second artificial crack groove 8, the third artificial crack groove 6 and the fourth artificial crack groove 5 are all formed by machining through an electric spark process.
The ultrasonic detection method of the turbine blade comprises the following steps:
1) connecting the ultrasonic probe 10 with an ultrasonic detection instrument;
2) placing an ultrasonic probe 10 on a turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block, aligning the ultrasonic probe 10 to any one of a first artificial crack groove 7, a second artificial crack groove 8, a third artificial crack groove 6 and a fourth artificial crack groove 5, then finely adjusting the position of the ultrasonic probe 10 to maximize the ultrasonic reflection wave amplitude of the artificial crack groove, simultaneously adjusting the gain to make the ultrasonic reflection wave amplitude be 80% of the full-screen scale, then moving the ultrasonic probe 10 to different positions, and respectively facing the artificial crack grooves, and drawing a distance-reflection wave amplitude equivalent curve according to the detection result, as shown in fig. 3;
3) and selecting a straight probe or an inclined probe, finishing the amplitude of the wave with the height of 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm and 130mm from the transverse through hole by using the first transverse through hole 2, the second transverse through hole 3 and the third transverse through hole 4 by using the straight probe or the inclined probe, and drawing a distance-amplitude curve according to the amplitude.
4) Determining detection sensitivity and waste judgment sensitivity;
the test demonstrated that the detection sensitivity and defect 11 rejection sensitivity of different detection methods are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
5) The method comprises the steps of detecting a turbine blade 9 to be detected by using an ultrasonic probe 10 and a straight probe, or detecting the turbine blade 9 to be detected by using the ultrasonic probe 10 and an inclined probe, comparing a detection result with a distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve and a distance-amplitude curve, judging the degree of a defect according to the detection sensitivity and waste judgment sensitivity according to the comparison result, namely acquiring the reflection amplitude and amplitude corresponding to the current defect according to the detection result, and judging the degree of the defect according to the detection sensitivity and waste judgment sensitivity according to the reflection amplitude and the amplitude.
Taking a fir-tree type blade as an example for detection: the blade body inspection recommends the adoption of surface waves, the probe is placed as shown in figure 4, the surface wave probe is parallel to the edge of the blade body, the scanning is carried out on the segments with the spacing of 200-300mm, the scanning can slightly swing left and right during the inspection, and the influences possibly caused by the edge angle of a blade transition area, oil stains on two sides of the blade body, corrosion, cavitation, foreign body impact, scratches and the like are fully considered during the evaluation. Surface waves or transverse waves can be used for detecting the fir tree blade root, when the tangential assembly fir tree blade root is inspected by transverse wave primary waves, the angle of an adopted transverse wave probe is determined by the size of an actual blade root, the probe is required to be placed on an exposed shoulder on a steam inlet side for inspection, when the transverse wave secondary wave inspection is required to be implemented, the inspection probe is placed on a back arc surface on a steam outlet side of a blade body for inspection, the axial assembly fir tree blade root is exposed towards the side surface of the fir tree blade root, the first tooth can be inspected by the surface waves, the placement position of the probe is shown in figure 4, a photo of an example of blade inspection is shown in figure 5, and a dynamic waveform of a defect 11 during blade inspection is shown in figure.
Claims (8)
1. The ultrasonic detection test block for the turbine blade is characterized by comprising a martensitic stainless steel block (1), wherein a first transverse through hole (2), a second transverse through hole (3), a third transverse through hole (4), a first artificial crack groove (7), a second artificial crack groove (8), a third artificial crack groove (6) and a fourth artificial crack groove (5) are formed in the martensitic stainless steel block (1), wherein the first transverse through hole (2), the second transverse through hole (3) and the third transverse through hole (4) are located on one side of the martensitic stainless steel block (1), and the first artificial crack groove (7), the second artificial crack groove (8), the third artificial crack groove (6) and the fourth artificial crack groove (5) are located on the other side of the martensitic stainless steel block (1); the depths of the first artificial crack groove (7), the second artificial crack groove (8), the third artificial crack groove (6) and the fourth artificial crack groove (5) are different; the distances between the first transverse through hole (2), the second transverse through hole (3) and the third transverse through hole (4) and the end part of the martensitic stainless steel block (1) are different.
2. The ultrasonic testing block for turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that the length, width and height of the martensitic stainless steel block (1) are 260mm, 25mm and 140mm, respectively.
3. The ultrasonic testing test block of the steam turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the first transverse through hole (2), the aperture of the second transverse through hole (3) and the aperture of the third transverse through hole (4) are all 1mm, and the length of the first transverse through hole (2), the length of the second transverse through hole (3) and the length of the third transverse through hole (4) are all 25 mm.
4. The ultrasonic testing test block of the steam turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the distances between the end surface of the martensitic stainless steel block (1) and the second cross through hole (3), the first cross through hole (2) and the third cross through hole (4) are 40mm, 60mm and 120mm, respectively.
5. The ultrasonic testing test block of steam turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that the depths of the first artificial crack groove (7), the second artificial crack groove (8), the third artificial crack groove (6) and the fourth artificial crack groove (5) are 0.5mm, 1mm, 1.5mm and 2.0mm, respectively.
6. The ultrasonic testing test block of the steam turbine blade according to claim 1, characterized in that the distances between the end surface of the martensitic stainless steel block (1) and the first artificial crack groove (7), the second artificial crack groove (8), the third artificial crack groove (6) and the fourth artificial crack groove (5) are 35 mm.
7. The ultrasonic testing test block of the steam turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the first transverse through hole (2), the second transverse through hole (3), the third transverse through hole (4), the first artificial crack groove (7), the second artificial crack groove (8), the third artificial crack groove (6) and the fourth artificial crack groove (5) are all processed by adopting an electric spark process.
8. An ultrasonic detection method for a turbine blade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) connecting an ultrasonic probe (10) with an ultrasonic detection instrument;
2) placing an ultrasonic probe (10) on an ultrasonic detection test block of a turbine blade, aligning the ultrasonic probe (10) to any one of a first artificial crack groove (7), a second artificial crack groove (8), a third artificial crack groove (6) and a fourth artificial crack groove (5), then finely adjusting the position of the ultrasonic probe (10) to enable the ultrasonic reflection amplitude of the artificial crack groove to be maximum, adjusting the gain to enable the ultrasonic reflection amplitude to be 80% of the full-screen scale, then moving the ultrasonic probe (10) to different positions and facing the artificial crack grooves, and drawing a distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve according to a detection result;
3) selecting a straight probe or an inclined probe, acquiring the amplitude of waves with the height of 10mm, 20mm, 40mm, 60mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm and 130mm from the transverse through hole by using the straight probe or the inclined probe through the first transverse through hole (2), the second transverse through hole (3) and the third transverse through hole (4), and drawing a distance-amplitude curve according to the amplitude;
4) determining detection sensitivity and waste judgment sensitivity;
5) the method comprises the steps of detecting a turbine blade (9) to be detected by utilizing an ultrasonic probe (10) and a straight probe, or detecting the turbine blade (9) to be detected by utilizing the ultrasonic probe (10) and an inclined probe, comparing a detection result with a distance-reflection amplitude equivalent curve and a distance-amplitude curve, judging whether the turbine blade (9) to be detected has a defect (11) according to a comparison result and detection sensitivity, and judging whether the turbine blade (9) to be detected is scrapped according to waste judgment sensitivity to finish the ultrasonic detection of the turbine blade.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011157191.4A CN112345641A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block and method |
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| CN202011157191.4A CN112345641A (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Turbine blade ultrasonic detection test block and method |
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| CN112345641A true CN112345641A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113176338A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Method for detecting bonding quality of bearing bush alloy material through ultrasonic guided wave |
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2020
- 2020-10-26 CN CN202011157191.4A patent/CN112345641A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113176338A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-27 | 国能锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Method for detecting bonding quality of bearing bush alloy material through ultrasonic guided wave |
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