CN112344080B - 有开关阀、气动操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置的*** - Google Patents

有开关阀、气动操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置的*** Download PDF

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CN112344080B
CN112344080B CN202010788215.XA CN202010788215A CN112344080B CN 112344080 B CN112344080 B CN 112344080B CN 202010788215 A CN202010788215 A CN 202010788215A CN 112344080 B CN112344080 B CN 112344080B
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monitoring device
function monitoring
switching valve
solenoid valve
valve
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CN112344080A (zh
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埃娃·戈茨
约翰尼斯·巴特
斯特凡·冯·多斯科
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B19/00—Testing; Calibrating; Fault detection or monitoring; Simulation or modelling of fluid-pressure systems or apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • F15B19/005—Fault detection or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/1221—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston one side of the piston being spring-loaded
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/122—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/124—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid the fluid acting on a piston servo actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/16—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid with a mechanism, other than pulling-or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member
    • F16K31/163—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid with a mechanism, other than pulling-or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member the fluid acting on a piston
    • F16K31/1635—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid with a mechanism, other than pulling-or pushing-rod, between fluid motor and closure member the fluid acting on a piston for rotating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/36—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor
    • F16K31/40—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor
    • F16K31/406—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid in which fluid from the circuit is constantly supplied to the fluid motor with electrically-actuated member in the discharge of the motor acting on a piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/12—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid
    • F16K31/42—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by fluid by means of electrically-actuated members in the supply or discharge conduits of the fluid motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
    • F16K37/0008—Mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
    • F16K37/0025—Electrical or magnetic means
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
    • F16K37/0025—Electrical or magnetic means
    • F16K37/0041—Electrical or magnetic means for measuring valve parameters
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    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K37/00—Special means in or on valves or other cut-off apparatus for indicating or recording operation thereof, or for enabling an alarm to be given
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    • F16K37/005—Electrical or magnetic means for measuring fluid parameters
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    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
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    • F16K37/0066—Hydraulic or pneumatic means
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    • F16K37/0075—For recording or indicating the functioning of a valve in combination with test equipment
    • F16K37/0083—For recording or indicating the functioning of a valve in combination with test equipment by measuring valve parameters
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30—Directional control
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60—Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/63—Electronic controllers
    • F15B2211/6303—Electronic controllers using input signals
    • F15B2211/634—Electronic controllers using input signals representing a state of a valve
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705—Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051—Linear output members
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有开关阀、气动操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置的***，包括：具有开关阀(2)、气动的操动机构(3)和电磁阀(9)的现场设备(1)，和功能监控装置(13)，其中电磁阀(9)在受到电驱控时对操动机构(3)加载压缩气体(10)并且在未受驱控时排气，操动机构(3)在加载压缩气体(10)时将开关阀(2)运动到开关位置的一个中并且在排气时运动到开关位置的另一个中，并且其中功能监控装置(13)设计用于，检测表明开关阀的运动的至少一个参数，功能监控装置(13)具有检测磁场变化的磁场传感器(15)，磁场传感器布置在电磁阀(9)的区域中并且产生唤醒用于检测至少一个参数的信号的功能监控装置(13)。

Description

有开关阀、气动操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置的***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种***，其包括：具有开关阀、气动的操动机构(Stellantrieb)和电磁阀的现场设备，和功能监控装置，其中，电磁阀在电驱动时为操动机构加载压缩气体并且在未驱动时排气，其中，操动机构在被加载压缩气体时将开关阀运动到一个开关位置并且在排气时运动到另一个开关位置，并且其中，功能监控装置设计用于，检测表明开关阀的运动的至少一个参数。
背景技术
这种***从EP 2 381 149 B1中已知，其中，功能监控装置是现场设备的组成部分。
在过程工业中需要具有两个有确定定义的开关状态(通常100％打开和完全闭合)的开关阀或切换阀，以便使介质通行或阻挡介质，并且在许多情况下履行安全相关的任务。在已知的***中，开关阀借助于气动操动机构或者置于运行位置、例如“开”，或者置于安全位置、例如“关”。借助控制***提供的控制电压来驱动的电磁阀(预控阀)将操动机构与压缩气体供应装置连接。在电压失效的情况下或如果在紧急情况下切断控制电压，那么气动的操动机构经由电磁阀排气，使得开关阀从运行位置运动到安全位置。根据开关阀的构型，操动机构能够构成为线性驱动器或转动驱动器。
在从上述EP 2 381 149 B1中已知的现场设备中，功能监控装置包括用于检测充斥于操动机构的工作腔中的气动工作压力或在电磁阀处输出的气动的控制压力的时间变化的压力传感器。根据时间变化中所检测到的压力变化以及根据压力变化经验值来确定物理工艺变量，如开关阀的位置、行程时间、或调节路径。当实际压力曲线或实际压力变化曲线偏离无故障工作的开关阀的理论压力变化曲线或理论压力曲线并超过预设公差时，产生故障信号。
当检测到压力变化、尤其是压力下降和/或压力升高时，就可以启动对气动压力的时间变化曲线的检测，尤其启动开关阀的功能诊断。
具有开关阀、气动的操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置的现场设备也在DE 102007 034 059 B4、DE 10 2007 034060 B4、DE 10 2007 022 762 B4、DE 10 2009 006 533B4、DE 10 2007 020 597 A1或DE 10 2007 016 817 A1中披露。
在这些已知的***中，功能监控装置用于在部分行程测试(Partial-Stroke-Test)的范畴中检查操动机构的正常运作。
为此，例如在操动机构处构建额外的位置调节器。在部分行程测试中，开关阀借助于位置调节器从运行位置经由其调节路径的一部分朝安全位置的方向运动并且随后再次向回运动。在此，位置改变很小以至于装有开关阀的设施的持续运行不必被中断并且只受到不明显的干扰。位置调节器具有位置传感器，以便在部分行程测试期间检测调节运动并且随后进行补偿和/或评估。当开关阀正常地在全行程测试范畴中或在紧急情况下闭合时，当然也能够在部分行程测试之外检测调节运动。在此，能够通过位置调节器检测其他的、表明操动机构的参数，例如馈送气体压力并且进行评估。然而，仅对于部分行程测试设置位置调节器，这在材料和财务方面都属于高耗费。
在从上述DE 10 2007 034 059 B4披露的***中，没有位置调节器的功能监控装置是能胜任的，但是操动机构的功能监控仅限于部分行程测试。
在大多数情况下，具有与开关阀的气动驱动的现场设备既不配备位置调节器，其也不具有自身的功能监控装置，参见从EP 2 381 149 B1中已知的功能监控装置。所述现场设备通常有长的维护间隔，并且除了可选的限位开关外，还具有用于超出部分行程测试的功能监控的传感器。因此，例如无法识别：开关阀是否完全闭合，而只能识别操动机构过是否达到期望位置。因此，仅涉及间接的反馈。关于开关阀的闭合能力和操动机构的尚要提供的力或转矩储备的结论无法以该方式和方法得出。无法识别由于弹簧疲劳或驱动器中的泄漏以及开关阀中的例如结垢引起的驱动器力矩的典型的老化现象、如由于腐蚀而导致更难于活动的驱动轴。
因此，通常为了维护而将阀从过程设施中拆出并且在工厂检查。此外，已知运动式测量箱，借助所述测量箱和相应的传感构件能够针对切换过程的路径和压力、即针对气动驱动的开关阀的打开和闭合来进行记录。
发明内容
因此，本发明所基于的目的是：提出一种用于具有气动驱动的开关阀的现场设备的功能监控装置，功能监控装置需要尽可能小的能量并且能够后续地设置在现场设备处，而不必由现场设备供应能量。
根据本发明，目的通过如下方式实现：在开始提出类型的***中，功能监控装置具有检测磁场变化的磁场传感器，磁场传感器设置在电磁阀的区域中并且产生唤醒功能监控装置以检测至少一个参数的信号。
在根据本发明的***中，在电磁阀被启用或停用时，触发或推动功能监控，启用或停用是根据磁场变化来检测的。在非常不同的多个设计方案中，磁场传感器被熟知为电子机械的簧片触点、感应线圈或具有磁阻的或霍尔元件的电磁开关，并且不需要用于其功能的辅助能量，例如在簧片触点或感应线圈的情况下不需要辅助能量，或者在电磁开关的情况下，特点在于能量消耗极其小。在任何情况下，能量消耗都小于在从上面提及的EP 2 381149 B1中已知的压力持续监控的情况中的能量消耗。此外，由快速的磁场开关引起的触发的优点还在于，总是首先测量馈送气体压力(驱动器的保压压力)。在开关电磁阀时的压力瞬态过程已经包含关于电磁阀状态的信息。此后并且随驱动器中的压力下降，驱动器才开始运动。因此，能够依次地首先测量和监控电磁阀并且随后测量和监控驱动器。此外，不强制性必需的是：调节器驱动器具有压力传感器。因此，功能监控装置可以包括震动(vibration)传感器，除了气动调节压力之外或替选于气动调节压力，该震动传感器检测现场设备的震动以将其作为表明开关阀运动的参数。在该情况下，功能监控装置与要监控的现场设备无关，从而其能够设计为单独的自供能设备，其能够可拆卸地安装在开关阀或气动的操动机构处。自供能可以通过蓄电池或太阳能电池来实现。
功能监控装置可以设计为数据记录器，在其中存储了参数(例如调节压力和/或震动)的在触发功能监控之后预设时间内所检测的测量值。在需要时能够读取存储的测量值，尤其经由无线电接口将其传输到远程的部位。因此，能够将测量数据传输到移动的通信终端设备并在那里进行评估或者借助于网关传输到云端中并在那里进行评估。可选地，评估也能够在现场在功能监控装置中进行，其中，随后将评估的结果输出至远程位置。
附图说明
在下文中，根据实施例并且参考附图来阐述本发明；详细地示出：
图1示出根据本发明的***的第一实施例，其具有开关阀、气动的操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置；
图2示出根据本发明的***的第二实施例；
图3示出根据本发明的***的第三实施例；
图4示出根据本发明的功能监控装置的一个实施例；
图5示出在有流体流过的阀的受噪声干扰的震动测量数据的一个实例；
图6示出在流体静止情况下的震动测量数据的一个实例；以及
图7示出在带通滤波之后的受噪声干扰的震动测量数据的一个实例。
相同的附图标记在不同的图中具有相应的意义。图示是纯示意性的并且不代表大小比例关系。
具体实施方式
图1示出具有开关阀2的现场设备1，开关阀借助于气动的操动机构3能够置于开或关位置。气动的操动机构3具有驱动器壳体4，驱动器元件5、例如活塞或膜可移动地设置在该驱动器壳体中，驱动器元件经由调节元件6作用于开关阀2。根据开关阀2的构型，操动机构3能够为具有形成调节元件6的升降杆的线性或行程驱动器，如在此示出的那样，其是具有转动轴作为调节元件6的旋转或枢转驱动器。驱动器元件5在一侧上被压缩弹簧7加载并且在另一侧上被压力室8中的、反作用于压缩弹簧7的气动压力加载。在驱动器壳体4上构建有电磁阀9，经由电磁阀对压力室8或者能够供应来自在此未示出的压缩气体源的压缩气体10或者能够排气。电磁阀9在此构成为三通阀并且经由驱控线路11获得例如24V的供应电压。供应电压能够由在此未示出的控制装置来提供并且在紧急情况下通电，使得电磁阀9启动并将压力室8与压力气体10接通。由于对驱动元件5施加了压力气体，开关阀2被置于运行位置，例如“开”，并保持在该位置。在紧急情况中，控制技术装置切断供应电压，使得电磁阀9被禁用，压力室8与压缩气体供应装置分离并转而经由出口12进行排气。操动机构3因此失压并且在压缩弹簧7的作用下使开关阀2移动到安全位置，例如“关”。供应电压的接通和切断也能够在正常运行下进行，以用于将开关阀2置于一个或另一个位置。
在此以具有设备壳体14的独立设备形式实现的功能监控装置13，安装在现场设备1处的适合部位处，在此例如安装在操动机构3的驱动器壳体4上。安装能够经由旋接、夹紧或固定磁体来实现。功能监控装置13还包括磁场传感器15、震动传感器(加速度传感器、固体声传感器)16和无线电模块17。磁场传感器15用于，检测由电磁阀9产生的磁场的变化，并且以该方式来探查电磁阀9何时由于供应电压的切断或失效被停用或者通过接通供应电压再次启动。对于监控电磁阀9，磁场传感器15不需要辅助能量或仅需要极其少量辅助能量。开关阀2的紧随电磁阀9的启用或停用的运动，根据现场设备1的震动来监控，震动由震动传感器16检测。对震动的检测及其评估和/或在功能监控装置13中的存储，被限制在探查到电磁阀9的停用或启用之后例如5秒的预设时间段内，并且由磁场传感器15的相应信号发起。因此，功能监控装置13的能量消耗较小并且例如能够通过太阳能电池或蓄电池来满足。所探查到的震动能够作为原始数据直接存储在功能监控装置13中，以便其在需要时经由适合的有线连接的接口或无线电模块17的无线电接口读取并且在外部评估。但是，震动也能够在功能监控装置13中评估并且随后存储。功能模块17实现将存储的数据无线地传输到外部位置。
在图1中示出的实例中，在操动机构3的驱动器壳体4上，功能监控装置13安装在电磁阀9附近。
图2示出另一实例，其中，功能监控装置13固定在开关阀2处。磁场传感器15在此在功能监控装置13的设备壳体14之外布置在电磁阀9处并且经由导线18与功能监控装置13连接。
图3示出根据本发明的***的一个实施例，其中，代替震动传感器16设有压力传感器19，以用于监控开关阀2随电磁阀9的停用或启用之后的运动。压力传感器19是操动机构3的组成部分并且检测气动的控制压力。控制压力的检测及其评估和/或在功能监控装置13中的存储由磁场传感器15的信号来发起。
图4以框图的形式示出功能监控装置13的一个实施例。功能监控装置13包含节约电流的微控制器20，在微控制器中可以集成有在此处示出的实例中针对短范围无线电连接(例如蓝牙、WPAN)设计的无线电模块17。例如考虑移动的通信终端设备21、如智能电话、平板计算机或笔记本作为用于由功能监控装置13传输的或从其中读出的数据的接收器，在通信终端设备中必要时能够评估数据或者借助通信终端设备能够将数据转发给远程的位置、例如本地服务器或云端服务器。
在微控制器20上经由总线***22连接了RAM存储器23、闪存存储器24、震动传感器16、用于外部的模拟或数字传感器的端口25、26(例如外部的压力传感器19(图3)、或用于检测调节元件6(图1-3)的行程位置或转动角位置的磁阻位置或转动角传感器27。经由触发端口28，外部的磁场传感器15(图2)可以连接至微控制器20的触发输入端。可选地，磁场传感器15如在图1或3中示出的那样布置在功能监控装置13的壳体14中并且在那里直接与微控制器20的触发输入端连接。磁场传感器15例如为磁场开关。微控制器20还可以连接有PDM麦克风(脉冲密度调制)29。
功能监控装置13具有LED显示器30、实时时钟31和用于对功能监控装置13的电气或电子部件供电的内部电池32。可选地，可以通过电磁阀9的供应电压来进行能量供应。
为了确保电池寿命尽可能长，功能监控装置13在大多数时间处于休眠模式中，在该休眠模式中几乎不消耗能量。在这段时间期间，监控电磁开关15和实时时钟31工作，以便能够将明确的日期分配给出现的结果。此外，以规则的时间间隔、例如每10秒执行低功耗蓝牙广播。一旦接通电磁阀9，电磁开关15被触发并且将功能监控装置13从静止模式置于测量模式中。在例如5秒的预设时间间隔期间，将震动传感器16的数据以高的数据传输率存储在RAM存储器23中。同时，必要时也能够以较低的数据传输率来记录和存储其他传感器19、27、29的数据，只要它们可用。当操动机构3如在图3中示出的那样包含压力传感器19时，则能够弃用对震动的记录。在数据记录的开始通过实时时钟31获得时间戳。在一个测量或记录周期之后，RAM存储器23中的原始数据被复制到闪存存储器24中。此后，功能监控装置13又转入休眠模式中。
多次测量中的数据组可以存储在闪存存储器24中，以便例如在需要时或根据要求经由无线电模块17的无线电接口将其传输到移动通信终端设备21上或借助于网关传输到云端中。在那里，随后能够进行评估或进一步处理原始数据。但是原则上，也可以通过微控制器20进行评估或进一步处理，但是这会使在功能监控装置13中的能量消耗较高。评估或进一步处理例如能够在于，将记录的测量数据曲线与在完好的阀2的调试期间记录的质量曲线比较。
图5示例性地示出了在由阀2泵送流体时所记录的在时间t上的震动测量数据，其中，流动噪声逐渐减小，直至阀2关闭并且介质不再流动。图6示出流体静止时的震动测量数据。在流体静止并具有少量干扰性噪声和震动的情况下，可形成三个可明确识别的特征33、34、35。第一特征33和第二特征34之间的时间T1代表在对操动机构3的压力加载启动与一个时刻之间所经过的时间，自该时刻起驱动器3开始运动，也称作为起动时刻。第三特征35示出如下时刻，在该时刻中阀2的封闭体进入阀座中。借此，获得2或3个特征变量，借助这些特征变量能够得出关于驱动器3或过程阀2的状态的结论。如果时间T1和T2变化，那么截止能量也不利地发生改变。
在图5中示出的受噪声干扰的震动测量数据中，能够通过如下方式求出时间T1：即首先借助于震动测量数据的快速傅里叶变换求出特征性的频率峰值。随后，将震动测量数据以带通滤波的方式滤掉所求出的频率峰值。图7示出如此滤波的震动测量数据，在震动测量数据中能够探查处直至阀2起动的时间T1。相反，能够容易地从未滤波的震动测量数据中求出时间T2，因为阀在该时间点完全关闭，那么在震动测量数据中不存在具有相应的噪声的通流。

Claims (11)

1.一种包括现场设备(1)和功能监控装置(13)的***，所述现场设备具有开关阀(2)、气动的操动机构(3)和电磁阀(9)，
其中，所述电磁阀(9)在受到电驱控时为所述操动机构(3)加载压缩气体(10)并且在未受驱控时排气，
其中，所述操动机构(3)在被加载压缩气体(10)时使所述开关阀(2)运动到多个开关位置中的一个开关位置，并且在排气时使所述开关阀运动到多个开关位置中的另一个开关位置，并且
其中，所述功能监控装置(13)设计用于，检测表明所述开关阀(2)的运动的至少一个参数，
其特征在于，
所述功能监控装置(13)具有检测磁场变化的磁场传感器(15)，所述磁场传感器布置在所述电磁阀(9)的区域中，并且所述磁场传感器产生唤醒所述功能监控装置(13)以检测至少一个所述参数的信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的***，其特征在于，所述功能监控装置(13)包括压力传感器(19)，所述压力传感器检测所述操动机构(3)中的气动压力，该气动压力作为表明所述开关阀(2)的运动的参数。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的***，其特征在于，所述功能监控装置(13)包括震动传感器(16)，所述震动传感器检测所述现场设备(1)的震动，该震动作为表明所述开关阀(2)的运动的参数。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的***，其特征在于，所述功能监控装置(13)具有用于存储所检测的所述参数的测量值的构件(23、24)和用于将所述测量值传输到远程位置(21)的构件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的***，其特征在于，用于将所述测量值传输到远程位置(21)的构件是无线电接口(17)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的***，其特征在于，所述远程位置设计用于评估检测的参数的测量值。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的***，其特征在于，所述功能监控装置(13)具有用于评估所检测的所述参数的测量值的构件(20)和用于将评估结果传输到远程位置(21)的构件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的***，其特征在于，用于将评估结果传输到远程位置(21)的构件是无线电接口(17)。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的***，其特征在于，所述功能监控装置(13)具有用于自供能的构件。
10.根据权利要求9所述的***，其特征在于，用于自供能的构件是蓄电池(32)或太阳能电池。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的***，其特征在于，所述功能监控装置(13)具有用于可拆卸地安装在所述开关阀(2)或气动的操动机构(3)处的壳体(14)。
CN202010788215.XA 2019-08-08 2020-08-07 有开关阀、气动操动机构、电磁阀和功能监控装置的*** Active CN112344080B (zh)

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