CN112342345A - Martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112342345A
CN112342345A CN202011038146.7A CN202011038146A CN112342345A CN 112342345 A CN112342345 A CN 112342345A CN 202011038146 A CN202011038146 A CN 202011038146A CN 112342345 A CN112342345 A CN 112342345A
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martensite
austenite
strength steel
dual
phase structure
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孙文文
邹扬
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Southeast University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34Methods of heating
    • C21D1/44Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths
    • C21D1/46Salt baths
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0081Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001Austenite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.5: 4-7, comprising the elements Fe, C, Mn, the high strength steel being composed of a martensitic matrix and austenite particles dispersed in the martensitic matrix. The preparation method of the high-strength steel comprises the following steps: fe. C, Mn are weighed according to the proportion, smelted, annealed, forged, hot-rolled and cold-rolled, and then sequentially treated by austenitizing, medium-temperature annealing, austenite reverse transformation and medium-low temperature tempering to obtain the martensite matrix and austenite grain structure dispersed in the martensite matrix. The invention also provides a third generation advanced high-strength steel with a high-strength and high-toughness martensite/austenite composite structure.

Description

Martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to high-strength steel and a preparation method thereof, in particular to high-strength steel with a dual-phase structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Martensite is a supersaturated solid solution of carbon in ferrite, and is a structure in which austenite is transformed by a non-diffusion type phase transformation. The strength of martensite increases with increasing carbon content in the steel, while toughness generally shows a decreasing trend. In the design concept of the third-generation advanced high-strength steel which is developed rapidly at present, the mechanical property of the third-generation advanced high-strength steel is predicted by utilizing a simplified composite model based on Mileiko based on Matlock and the like, and the ideal structure of the third-generation advanced high-strength steel is a composite structure of a high-strength phase and metastable austenite, wherein the high-strength phase can be martensite, bainite or ultrafine grained ferrite. The high-strength phase in the structure is a main strength source of the whole structure, and the metastable austenite phase with weaker strength generates a transformation induced plasticity effect in the deformation process of the structure so as to increase the toughness of the whole structure.
At present, the existing steel structure mainly takes dispersed cementite particles in a ferrite matrix as a main part, but the structure can not meet the requirements of high strength and strong toughness at the same time; the partial structure is a two-phase structure consisting of austenite laths and martensite laths, and austenite reverse transformation occurs in the annealing process of the two-phase region, so that the strength of the obtained steel structure is still not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the object of the present invention is to provide a high strength steel of martensite/austenite dual phase structure having austenite particles uniformly dispersed in a martensite matrix, which has both high strength and high toughness;
another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a high strength steel having a martensite/austenite dual phase structure.
The technical scheme is as follows: the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.5: 4-7, and the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel consists of a martensite matrix and austenite particles dispersed in the martensite matrix.
The preparation method of the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Fe, C and Mn according to mass percent, smelting into an ingot, annealing, forging, hot rolling and cold rolling to obtain a rolled plate sample, then carrying out austenitizing treatment, and cooling to room temperature to form martensite;
(2) annealing the sample obtained in the step (1) at 400-600 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment to obtain a dual-phase composite structure sample consisting of a ferrite matrix and a cementite phase, and then cooling to room temperature;
(3) and heating the annealed sample at 700-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-100 ℃/s, carrying out heat preservation treatment to reversely deform the ferrite matrix and the cementite particles into austenite, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel with the austenite particles dispersed in the martensite matrix.
Preferably, the dual-phase structure high-strength steel obtained in the step (3) is subjected to a tempering treatment for eliminating the brittleness of martensite.
Preferably, the time for heat preservation in the step (2) is 1-35 h.
Preferably, the time for heat preservation in the step (3) is 30s-2 min.
Preferably, the specific method of the austenitizing treatment in the step (1) is as follows: heating the sample at 800-900 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and preserving the heat for 10min-1 h.
Preferably, the tempering treatment step is: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in an oil bath furnace at 200-250 ℃ for 0.5-2h, and then cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, the tempering treatment step is: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in a salt bath furnace at 250-400 ℃ for 30s-1h, and then cooling to room temperature.
The annealed structure of martensite is a dual-phase composite structure consisting of a ferrite matrix with lower strength (manganese-poor zone) and a cementite phase with higher brittleness (manganese-rich zone). After the organization is subjected to the transient austenite reverse transformation treatment, because the diffusion rate of carbon atoms is far higher than that of manganese atoms, in the process of rapidly heating to the austenite reverse transformation temperature and temporarily preserving heat, ferrite and carburized phases are both reversely transformed into austenite due to rapid diffusion of the carbon atoms, and the distribution of the manganese elements is kept unchanged. During subsequent rapid cooling, the carburized phase (manganese-rich zone) austenite particles remain to room temperature due to their higher stability than the manganese-poor zone, while the ferritic matrix (manganese-poor zone) austenite transforms into a martensitic matrix, eventually forming a composite structure with uniformly dispersed austenite particles in the martensitic matrix. The martensite matrix has higher strength but poorer toughness, but because the austenite particles which can generate phase transformation induced plasticity are embedded in the martensite matrix, the toughness of the martensite is greatly improved, thereby forming the third generation advanced high-strength steel with a martensite/austenite composite structure with high strength and high toughness.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: 1. under the composition of low-carbon and medium-carbon steel, the structure formed by a martensite matrix and austenite particles dispersed in the martensite matrix has high strength and better toughness. 2. The annealed martensite structure is used as a matrix, the enrichment effect of carbon and manganese elements in cementite particles is utilized, the ferrite matrix and the ferrite matrix are inverted into austenite through a rapid temperature rise condition, and the dispersed austenite particle structure in the martensite matrix formed after air cooling has high strength and high toughness. 3. Compared with the reverse transformation of partial austenite in the annealing process of the critical zone, the reverse transformation of the austenite is carried out in the austenitizing process after annealing, the martensite content in the final structure is higher, and therefore the strength is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a dual-phase high-strength steel in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a tensile curve after annealing and subsequent austenite reverse transformation for example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a preparation method of the dual-phase structure high-strength steel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
The martensite/austenite dual-phase composite high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.2, Mn: 5 and the balance of Fe. The preparation method of the martensite/austenite dual-phase composite high-strength steel comprises the following steps:
(1) austenitizing treatment: weighing Fe, C and Mn according to mass percent, smelting into an ingot, annealing, forging, hot rolling and cold rolling to obtain a cold-rolled sheet sample, sampling from the middle part of the cold-rolled sheet sample, carrying out austenitizing treatment on the sample at 850 ℃ in a tubular furnace filled with industrial argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 10min, and then air-cooling to room temperature to form martensite; wherein the air cooling is cooling under the air condition;
(2) annealing treatment: putting the martensite sample into a 550 ℃ salt bath furnace for annealing, preserving heat for 3 hours to form cementite particles in a ferrite matrix, and air-cooling to room temperature;
(3) austenite reverse transformation treatment: placing the annealed sample into a salt bath furnace, heating to 730 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/second, preserving heat for 2min to ensure that cementite particles are reversed to become austenite particles, a ferrite matrix is reversed to become an austenite matrix, the manganese content in the austenite matrix is reserved, air cooling to room temperature is carried out, the austenite matrix is reversed to become a martensite matrix, and the austenite particles still stably exist to form a dual-phase structure of the austenite particles dispersed and the martensite matrix;
(4) tempering treatment: and then keeping the temperature of the sample in an oil bath furnace at 200 ℃ for 30min to eliminate the brittleness of martensite, and air-cooling the sample to room temperature.
The scanning electron micrograph of the dual-phase structure high-strength steel of the present example is shown in fig. 1, in which the black fine regions eroded away by the corrosive liquid are austenite particles, and the remaining gray regions are a martensite matrix. The engineering stress-strain tensile curve of the dual-phase composite high-strength steel of the embodiment is shown in fig. 2, wherein the solid line represents annealed martensite, the dotted line represents the mechanical property of the structure after the austenite reverse phase transformation, and the strength of the two-phase structure generated after the austenite reverse phase transformation is greatly improved compared with that before the austenite reverse phase transformation. A schematic of the thermal processing scheme for preparing the biphasic structure is shown in FIG. 3.
Example 2
The dual-phase composite high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.4, Mn: 5, balance Fe. The basic steps of the preparation method of the dual-phase composite high-strength steel are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that:
in the step (1), the austenitizing treatment temperature is 800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 h;
in the step (2), the martensite sample is put into a salt bath furnace at 500 ℃ for annealing, and the temperature is kept for 24 hours;
in the step (3), the temperature rise rate is 100 ℃/s, the temperature is raised to 800 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20 s;
in the step (4), the sample is kept warm for 30s in a salt bath furnace at 400 ℃.
Example 3
The dual-phase composite high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.2, Mn: 7, balance Fe. The basic steps of the preparation method of the dual-phase composite high-strength steel are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that:
in the step (1), the temperature of austenitizing treatment is 850 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30 min;
in the step (2), the martensite sample is put into a salt bath furnace at 520 ℃ for annealing, and the temperature is kept for 22 h;
in the step (3), the temperature rise rate is 50 ℃/s, the temperature is raised to 760 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1 min;
in step (4), the sample is held in an oil bath at 250 ℃ for 30 seconds.
Example 4
The dual-phase composite high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.1, Mn: 7, balance Fe. The basic steps of the preparation method of the dual-phase composite high-strength steel are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that:
in the step (1), the temperature of austenitizing treatment is 900 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 5 min;
in the step (2), the martensite sample is put into a 600 ℃ salt bath furnace for annealing, and the temperature is kept for 1 h;
in the step (3), the temperature rise rate is 70 ℃/s, the temperature is raised to 780 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 20 s;
in the step (4), the sample is kept in an oil bath furnace at 200 ℃ for 1 h.
Example 5
The dual-phase composite high-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.5, Mn: 6, balance Fe. The basic steps of the preparation method of the dual-phase composite high-strength steel are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that:
in the step (1), the temperature of austenitizing treatment is 820 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 min;
in the step (2), the martensite sample is put into a 560 ℃ salt bath furnace for annealing, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours;
in the step (2), the temperature is increased to 740 ℃ for 50s at the heating rate of 100 ℃/s;
in the step (4), the annealed sample is placed into an oil bath furnace at 450 ℃ and is kept warm for 20 s.

Claims (8)

1. The martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.5: 4-7, and the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel consists of a martensite matrix and austenite particles dispersed in the martensite matrix.
2. A method for manufacturing a high-strength steel having a martensite/austenite dual phase structure according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) weighing Fe, C and Mn according to mass percent, smelting into an ingot, annealing, forging, hot rolling and cold rolling to obtain a rolled plate sample, then carrying out austenitizing treatment, and cooling to room temperature to form martensite;
(2) annealing the sample obtained in the step (1) at 400-650 ℃, performing heat preservation treatment to obtain a dual-phase composite structure sample consisting of a ferrite matrix and a cementite phase, and then cooling to room temperature;
(3) and heating the annealed sample at 700-800 ℃ at a heating rate of 30-100 ℃/s, carrying out heat preservation treatment to reversely deform the ferrite matrix and the cementite particles into austenite, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel with the austenite particles dispersed in the martensite matrix.
3. The method for producing a high-strength steel having a martensite/austenite dual-phase structure according to claim 2, wherein the high-strength steel having a martensite/austenite dual-phase structure obtained in the step (3) is subjected to a tempering treatment for eliminating brittleness of martensite.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength steel having the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure according to claim 2, wherein the holding time in the step (2) is 1 to 35 hours.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength steel with the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure according to claim 2, wherein the holding time in the step (3) is 30s-2 min.
6. The method for preparing the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel according to claim 2, wherein the specific method of the austenitizing treatment in the step (1) is as follows: heating the sample at 800-900 ℃ in an inert atmosphere, and preserving the heat for 10min-1 h.
7. The method for producing the high-strength steel having the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure according to claim 2, wherein the tempering step comprises: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in an oil bath furnace at 200-250 ℃ for 30s-2h, and then cooling to room temperature.
8. The method for producing the high-strength steel having the martensite/austenite dual-phase structure according to claim 2, wherein the tempering step comprises: and (3) preserving the temperature of the sample in a salt bath furnace at 250-400 ℃ for 30s-1h, and then cooling to room temperature.
CN202011038146.7A 2020-09-28 2020-09-28 Martensite/austenite dual-phase structure high-strength steel and preparation method thereof Pending CN112342345A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103243275A (en) * 2013-04-03 2013-08-14 北京交通大学 Preparation method of bainite/martensite/austenite composite high-strength steel
CN103695618A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-04-02 北京科技大学 Thermomechanical treatment method for preparing submicron complex phase steel
CN108018503A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-05-11 西安交通大学 A kind of stratiform Ultra-fine Grained dual phase ferritic/martensite steel and preparation method thereof
CN108251759A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-07-06 南京理工大学 The martensitic stain less steel and its manufacturing method of reversed austenite toughening
CN110468263A (en) * 2019-09-12 2019-11-19 北京理工大学 A kind for the treatment of process obtaining the advanced high-strength steel of high-strength and high ductility

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103243275A (en) * 2013-04-03 2013-08-14 北京交通大学 Preparation method of bainite/martensite/austenite composite high-strength steel
CN103695618A (en) * 2013-12-16 2014-04-02 北京科技大学 Thermomechanical treatment method for preparing submicron complex phase steel
CN108018503A (en) * 2017-11-28 2018-05-11 西安交通大学 A kind of stratiform Ultra-fine Grained dual phase ferritic/martensite steel and preparation method thereof
CN108251759A (en) * 2018-02-01 2018-07-06 南京理工大学 The martensitic stain less steel and its manufacturing method of reversed austenite toughening
CN110468263A (en) * 2019-09-12 2019-11-19 北京理工大学 A kind for the treatment of process obtaining the advanced high-strength steel of high-strength and high ductility

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