CN112341993A - Production process of composite non-oxide grinding material with cross crystal structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
A production process of a composite non-oxide grinding material with a cross crystal structure comprises the steps of adding phosphoric acid into raw materials of metal silicon, silicon carbide, metal aluminum, boron carbide, zircon sand and borax to carry out surface phosphating and acidification treatment; then adding a carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent for mixing and pelletizing; then in-situ synthesis of SiC-SiN-AlN-BN-ZrN-ZrB by carbon-buried nitrogen-filled high-temperature reduction reaction2A composite non-oxide abrasive material of an interdigitated crystal structure. The invention relates to a production process of a composite non-oxide grinding material synthesized in situ at a high position under the atmosphere of carbon-embedded nitrogen protection, which can prepare an economical superhard grinding material with the price of only 1/2 of the prices of superhard materials such as diamond, cubic boron nitride and the like, is used for preparing grinding tools, has the performance superior to or equivalent to that of the superhard grinding material of diamond and cubic boron nitride, has the price equivalent to that of the conventional common grinding material, and can better solve the problem that the common grinding material has high brittleness and is easy to peel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite non-oxide grinding material, in particular to a preparation method of a non-oxide grinding material with excellent grinding and superhard performance and an in-situ generated composite crossed crystal structure.
Background
Grinding materials are commonly called industrial teeth and are widely used in the fields of machining, military industry, civil use and the like. In recent years, with the increasing optimization of materials to be ground, higher demands have been made on the grinding materials. High efficiency, high precision and automation are the goals pursued by modern grinding technology. The processing requirements of new materials can be met only through continuous research and promotion of the performance of grinding materials, and the new and higher-end research subject is provided for the technical personnel in the field.
The products related to the existing grinding tool industry mainly have three types: the first is common grinding materials, including corundum series and silicon carbide, resin grinding tools, ceramic grinding tools and the like; secondly, coating grinding materials, including abrasive cloth, abrasive paper, abrasive belt and the like; and thirdly, the superhard grinding material mainly comprises diamond, cubic boron nitride and a product. The types of the existing grinding materials mainly comprise: the grinding material mainly comprises brown corundum abrasive, white corundum abrasive, single crystal corundum abrasive, zirconium corundum abrasive, black silicon carbide abrasive, green silicon carbide abrasive, cubic silicon carbide abrasive, cerium silicon carbide abrasive and the like, and the conventional common grinding material is large in brittleness and easy to peel; the super-hard abrasive mainly comprises diamond and CBN, but has high price, high manufacturing cost and high cost.
Therefore, if an economic superhard grinding material with good performance and high strength can be researched, the method has wide application prospect and good social and economic benefits, and is beneficial to the nation and the people.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a production process of a composite non-oxide grinding material synthesized in situ at a high position under the atmosphere of carbon-filled nitrogen protection, which can prepare an economical superhard grinding material, the price of which is only 1/2 of the price of the superhard materials such as diamond, cubic boron nitride and the like, is used for preparing a grinding tool, the performance of the grinding tool is superior to or equivalent to that of the superhard grinding material such as diamond and cubic boron nitride, the price of the grinding tool is equivalent to that of the existing ordinary grinding material, and the problem that the ordinary grinding material is large in brittleness and easy to peel off can be well solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a process for producing a composite non-oxide abrasive material having an interdigitated crystal structure, the process comprising:
1) adding phosphoric acid into the raw materials of metallic silicon, silicon carbide, metallic aluminum, boron carbide, zircon sand and borax for surface phosphating and acidizing;
2) then adding a carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent for mixing and pelletizing;
3) then in-situ synthesis of SiC-SiN-AlN-BN-ZrN-ZrB by carbon-buried nitrogen-filled high-temperature reduction reaction2Composite non-oxides of intercrossed crystal structureAnd grinding the material.
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material with the intercrossed crystal structure comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of zircon sand and 5-8 parts of borax.
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material with the intercrossed crystal structure comprises the following steps of selecting metal silicon powder with the Si content of more than or equal to 95% and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes as raw materials; the SiC content is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness of the metal silicon powder is less than or equal to 180 meshes; the Al content is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of metal aluminum powder; b is4The content of C is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes; ZrO (ZrO)2 The content is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of zircon sand; borax decahydrate with the content of more than or equal to 95 percent and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes is adopted.
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material with the intercrossed crystal structure comprises the steps of putting raw materials into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 3-4 parts by weight of a bulk density not less than 1.7g/cm3The phosphoric acid is subjected to surface phosphating and acidification treatment, the mixture is kneaded for 30-40 minutes to ensure that the phosphoric acid coats the surface of the raw material, then the mixture is discharged and aged for 24-36 hours, then the mixture is put into a kneading machine for kneading for 8-15 minutes, then 3.5-5 parts by weight of carbon-carbon refractory material binding agent is added, and the mixture is discharged after kneading for 25-36 minutes.
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material with the intercrossed crystal structure comprises the steps of pressing the mixed raw materials into balls with the size of 3-15cm through a ball press machine, building saggars in a high-temperature kiln of a nitriding furnace by using refractory bricks, and mixing ball blanks with carbon granules according to the ratio of 1: mixing the raw materials in a ratio of 1, putting the mixture into a sagger, closing a kiln door, and firing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the in-situ synthesized superhard composite non-oxide grinding material prepared by the production process is an economical superhard grinding material. The price of the abrasive is 1/2 of the price of superhard materials such as diamond, cubic boron nitride and the like, compared with the common abrasive, the abrasive not only has higher hardness, but also can continuously generate new sharp grinding under the action of external force during finishing, has better self-sharpening performance and is not easy to peel off, the abrasive tool prepared by the abrasive tool has good wear resistance and long service life, the surface precision of the obtained workpiece is high, and the abrasive material is suitable for fine grinding in the fields of aerospace, automobiles, instruments, hardware industry and the like.
2. The invention relates to a production process of a composite non-oxide grinding material with an intercrossed crystal structure, the performance of the prepared grinding material is superior to or equivalent to that of diamond and cubic boron nitride superhard grinding materials, the price of the prepared grinding material is equivalent to that of the conventional common grinding material, and the problem that the common grinding materials are large in brittleness and easy to peel off can be well solved. The grinding material can be used for grinding SiC, SiN, AlN, BN, ZrN and ZrB2The composite material integrates the excellent performances of various non-oxide materials, and has the advantages of wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, high temperature resistance, good thermal shock resistance, excellent heat conductivity, no iron affinity, and high strength at normal temperature and high temperature.
3. The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material has the advantages that the composite non-oxide grinding material with excellent performance and an intercrossed crystal structure is generated in situ by using low-grade raw materials and adopting a novel carbon nitrogen reduction process, so that the process is more economical. The product has higher pressure resistance and thermal stability, has sharp corners under the action of external force, can generate new sharp grinding continuously through finishing in use, has good self-sharpening performance, is not easy to peel off, can always keep sharper grinding performance in the use process, and is an in-situ synthesized composite non-oxide grinding material with wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the following embodiments.
Example 1
The invention relates to a production process of a composite non-oxide grinding material with an intercrossed crystal structure, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding phosphoric acid into the raw materials of metallic silicon, silicon carbide, metallic aluminum, boron carbide, zircon sand and borax for surface phosphating and acidizing;
2) then adding a carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent for mixing and pelletizing;
3) then in-situ synthesis of SiC-SiN-AlN-BN-ZrN-ZrB by carbon-buried nitrogen-filled high-temperature reduction reaction2A composite non-oxide abrasive material of an interdigitated crystal structure.
Example 2
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material with the intercrossed crystal structure of the embodiment is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: further limits the raw material composition: the alloy comprises, by weight, 5-10 parts of metallic silicon, 60-70 parts of silicon carbide, 5-8 parts of metallic aluminum and 2-4 parts of boron carbide: 8-12 parts of zircon sand and 5-8 parts of borax.
Selecting metal silicon powder with the Si content of more than or equal to 95 percent and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes as raw materials; the SiC content is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness of the metal silicon powder is less than or equal to 180 meshes; the Al content is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of metal aluminum powder; b is4The content of C is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes; ZrO (ZrO)2 The content is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of zircon sand; borax decahydrate with the content of more than or equal to 95 percent and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes is adopted.
Example 3
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material with the intercrossed crystal structure of the embodiment is different from that of the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2 in that: further, the raw materials are put into a mixing machine for mixing, and 3 to 4 weight portions of bulk density is added and is more than or equal to 1.7g/cm3Performing surface phosphating and acidification treatment on the phosphoric acid, mixing for 30-40 minutes to ensure that the phosphoric acid coats the surface of the raw material, then discharging the materials for ageing for 24-36 hours, then putting the materials into a mixing machine for mixing for 8-15 minutes, adding 3.5-5 parts by weight of carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent, mixing for 25-36 minutes, and discharging the materials;
pressing the mixed raw materials into balls with the size of 3-15cm through a ball press machine, building saggars in a high-temperature kiln of a nitriding furnace by using refractory bricks, and mixing green bodies of the balls with carbon granules according to the proportion of 1: mixing the raw materials in a ratio of 1, putting the mixture into a sagger, closing a kiln door, and firing.
The carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent adopts the patent technology of the applicant (the patent number is 201510092374.5).
Example 4
The invention relates to a method for producing a composite non-oxide grinding material containing an intercrossed crystal structure by in-situ synthesis in a carbon nitrogen protective atmosphere, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting metal silicon powder with the Si content of more than or equal to 95 percent and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes as raw materials; the SiC content is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness of the metal silicon powder is less than or equal to 180 meshes; the Al content is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of metal aluminum powder; b is4The content of C is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes; ZrO (ZrO)2 The content is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of zircon sand; the borax decahydrate content is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes.
(2) Selecting 10 parts of metal silicon, 60 parts of silicon carbide, 8 parts of metal aluminum and 3 parts of boron carbide: 10 parts of zircon sand and 5 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand and the borax into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 4 parts by weight of the mixture with the bulk density of more than or equal to 1.7g/cm3The phosphoric acid is subjected to surface phosphating and acidification treatment for 30-40 minutes, after the surface of the raw material is coated by the phosphoric acid, the material is discharged and aged for 24-36 hours, then the raw material is put into a mixing machine for mixing for 10 minutes, then 3.5 parts by weight of carbon-carbon refractory material binding agent (adopting the technical material of the applicant) is added, and the raw material is mixed for 30 minutes and discharged.
(3) Pressing the mixed raw materials into balls with the size of 3-15cm through a ball press machine, building saggars in a high-temperature kiln of a nitriding furnace by using refractory bricks, and mixing green bodies of the balls with carbon granules according to the proportion of 1: mixing the materials in the proportion of 1, putting the mixture into a sagger, and closing a kiln door.
(4) Firing is carried out under nitrogen atmosphere according to the following firing temperature rise curve:
(5) the sintered ball is crushed, ground and sieved into grinding materials with corresponding specifications for preparing grinding tools.
Example 5
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material having an interdigitated crystal structure of this example differs from that of example 4 in that: selecting 10 parts of metal silicon, 70 parts of silicon carbide, 5 parts of metal aluminum and 2 parts of boron carbide: 8 parts of zircon sand and 5 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand into a mixing machine for mixing, adding 4 parts of phosphoric acid for surface phosphating and acidizing, mixing for 30-40 minutes to ensure that the phosphoric acid coats the surface of the raw material, then discharging the materials for 24 hours, putting the materials into the mixing machine for mixing for 10 minutes, adding 5 parts of carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent, mixing for 30 minutes, and then discharging the materials. Pressing the mixed raw materials into balls with the size of 3-15cm by a ball press, building saggars in a high-temperature kiln of a nitriding furnace by refractory bricks, and mixing green bodies of the balls with carbon granules according to the weight ratio of 1: mixing the raw materials in a ratio of 1, putting the mixture into a sagger, closing a kiln door, and firing.
Example 6
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material having an interdigitated crystal structure of this example differs from that of example 4 in that: selecting 8 parts of metal silicon, 60 parts of silicon carbide, 8 parts of metal aluminum and 4 parts of boron carbide: 10 parts of zircon sand and 7 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand and the borax into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 3 parts of phosphoric acid for surface phosphating and acidizing treatment and mixing.
Example 7
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material having an interdigitated crystal structure of this example differs from that of example 4 in that: selecting 8 parts of metal silicon, 60 parts of silicon carbide, 8 parts of metal aluminum and 4 parts of boron carbide: 8 parts of zircon sand and 5 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand and the borax into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 3 parts of phosphoric acid for surface phosphating and acidizing treatment and mixing.
Example 8
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material having an interdigitated crystal structure of this example differs from that of example 4 in that: selecting 6 parts of metal silicon, 65 parts of silicon carbide, 6 parts of metal aluminum and 3 parts of boron carbide: 12 parts of zircon sand and 6 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand and the borax into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 4 parts of phosphoric acid for surface phosphating and acidizing treatment and mixing.
Example 9
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material having an interdigitated crystal structure of this example differs from that of example 4 in that: selecting 5 parts of metal silicon, 60 parts of silicon carbide, 7 parts of metal aluminum and 3 parts of boron carbide: 9 parts of zircon sand and 6 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand and the borax into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 4 parts of phosphoric acid for surface phosphating and acidizing treatment and mixing.
Example 10
The production process of the composite non-oxide grinding material having an interdigitated crystal structure of this example differs from that of example 4 in that: selecting 9 parts of metal silicon, 60 parts of silicon carbide, 5 parts of metal aluminum and 2 parts of boron carbide: 11 parts of zircon sand and 8 parts of borax, putting the zircon sand and the borax into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 5 parts of phosphoric acid for surface phosphating and acidizing treatment and mixing.
The preparation method comprises the steps of adding phosphoric acid into metal silicon, silicon carbide, metal aluminum, boron carbide, zircon sand and borax for surface phosphating and acidizing, then adding a carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent for mixing and pelletizing, and finally carrying out in-situ synthesis through carbon-buried nitrogen-filling high-temperature reduction reaction to obtain the silicon carbide-SiN-AlN-BN-ZrN-ZrB2A composite non-oxide grinding material with a uniform intercrossed crystal structure, wherein the grinding material can be prepared from SiC, SiN, AlN, BN, ZrN and ZrB2The composite material integrates the excellent performances of various non-oxide materials, has the characteristics of wear resistance, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance, high temperature resistance and good thermal shock resistance, and has the advantages of excellent heat conductivity, no siderophilicity and high strength at normal temperature and high temperature.
The invention also uses low-grade raw materials, adopts a novel carbon nitrogen reduction process, generates the composite non-oxide superhard grinding material with excellent performance and containing the intercrossed crystal structure in situ, and has more economical efficiency. The price of the material is only 1/2 of the price of the superhard materials such as diamond, cubic boron nitride and the like, the performance of the material is superior to or equivalent to that of the superhard abrasive material such as diamond and cubic boron nitride, the price of the material is equivalent to that of the existing common grinding material, and the problem that the common abrasive material has high brittleness and is easy to peel off can be well solved. Is an economical super-hard abrasive. Can better meet the requirements of precision grinding and ultra-precision grinding.
The product has higher compression resistance and thermal stability, has sharp corners under the action of external force, can generate new sharp grinding continuously through finishing in use, has good self-sharpening performance, is not easy to peel off, can always keep the sharper grinding performance in the use process, has high surface precision of processed workpieces, has long service life, and is an in-situ synthesized composite non-oxide grinding material with wide application prospect.
Claims (6)
1. A production process of a composite non-oxide grinding material with a crossed crystal structure is characterized in that:
1) adding phosphoric acid into the raw materials of metallic silicon, silicon carbide, metallic aluminum, boron carbide, zircon sand and borax for surface phosphating and acidizing;
2) then adding a carbon-carbon refractory material bonding agent, mixing and pelletizing;
3) then in-situ synthesis of SiC-SiN-AlN-BN-ZrN-ZrB by carbon-buried nitrogen-filled high-temperature reduction reaction2A composite non-oxide abrasive material of an interdigitated crystal structure.
2. The process for producing a composite non-oxide abrasive material having a crossed crystal structure according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of metallic silicon, 60-70 parts of silicon carbide, 5-8 parts of metallic aluminum and 2-4 parts of boron carbide: 8-12 parts of zircon sand and 5-8 parts of borax.
3. The process for producing a composite non-oxide abrasive material having a crossed crystal structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: selecting metal silicon powder with the Si content of more than or equal to 95 percent and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes as raw materials; the SiC content is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness of the metal silicon powder is less than or equal to 180 meshes; the Al content is more than or equal to 95 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of metal aluminum powder; b is4The content of C is more than or equal to 92 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes; ZrO (ZrO)2 The content is more than or equal to 65 percent, and the fineness is less than or equal to 180 meshes of zircon sand; borax decahydrate with the content of more than or equal to 95 percent and the fineness of less than or equal to 180 meshes is adopted.
4. The process for producing a composite non-oxide abrasive material having a crossed crystal structure according to claim 3, wherein: putting the raw materials into a mixing machine for mixing, and adding 3-4 parts by weight of a bulk density of more than or equal to 1.7g/cm3The phosphoric acid is subjected to surface phosphating and acidification treatment, the mixture is mixed for 30-40 minutes, after the phosphoric acid is ensured to coat the surface of the raw material, the mixture is discharged and aged for 24-36 hours, then the mixture is put into a mixing machine for mixing for 8-15 minutes, 3.5-5 parts of carbon-carbon refractory material binding agent is added, the mixture is mixed for 25-36 minutes, and the mixture is discharged.
5. The process for producing a composite non-oxide abrasive material having a crossed crystal structure according to claim 4, wherein: pressing the mixed raw materials into balls with the size of 3-15cm through a ball press machine, building saggars in a high-temperature kiln of a nitriding furnace by using refractory bricks, and mixing green bodies of the balls with carbon granules according to the proportion of 1: mixing the raw materials in a ratio of 1, putting the mixture into a sagger, closing a kiln door, and firing.
6. The process for producing a composite non-oxide abrasive material having a crossed crystal structure according to claim 5, wherein: firing is carried out under nitrogen atmosphere according to the following firing temperature rise curve:
the sintered ball is crushed, ground and sieved into the composite non-oxide grinding material with corresponding specification.
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