CN112341217A - Refractory material for 3D printing and printing method thereof - Google Patents
Refractory material for 3D printing and printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3445—Magnesium silicates, e.g. forsterite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/447—Phosphates or phosphites, e.g. orthophosphate, hypophosphite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5212—Organic
Abstract
The invention discloses a refractory material for 3D printing and a printing method thereof. The material improves the proportion of the traditional refractory casting piece, and consists of alumina aggregate, aluminate cement, silica fume, active alumina micro powder, additives, fibers and water according to weight percentage, wherein the additives comprise a solid water reducing agent, a thickening agent and a thixotropic lubricant, and the additives improve the viscosity, the fluidity and the stackability of the material and enhance the printable performance of the refractory material. The method disclosed by the invention is used for producing the refractory component by using a 3D printing process, is convenient and rapid, has high automation degree, is beneficial to large-scale continuous production because the component is integrally formed at one time, and realizes the production and manufacture of the refractory component which has a complex and irregular structure and is difficult to manufacture by using a mold and has good compactness and obviously improved normal-temperature compressive strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a refractory material, in particular to a refractory material for 3D printing and a printing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of refractory material preparation.
Background
The refractory prefabricated member is a production process method of a refractory material, has the advantages of convenient and fast construction, long service life and the like, and is commonly used in the field of high-temperature industrial kilns. The production process flow of the prefabricated member comprises the steps of dividing a target construction body into small blocks, designing the small blocks into special shapes, manufacturing corresponding molds for pouring, maintaining and baking, and then transporting the manufactured prefabricated member to a site for construction and installation. But it has the problems of difficult production of refractory components with complex structure and difficult die manufacturing, high consumption of manpower and material resources, low degree of automatic production, possible resource waste in the production process and the like.
In recent years, 3D printing technology is rapidly developed and applied to multiple disciplines and fields, and along with the development of the 3D printing technology in the refractory material industry, the 3D printing technology has wide application prospect and great economic benefit in the production and manufacturing of refractory components. The 3D printing technology principle is as follows: firstly, adding a prepared refractory material through a feeding system, setting technological parameters such as printing shape, printing path, printing speed, printing layer height, material extrusion flow rate and the like through a control system, and finally, producing and manufacturing the refractory component through the printing system. The 3D printing process is used for producing the fireproof component, and the method has the advantages of convenience, rapidness, high automation degree, one-step integral forming of the component and contribution to large-scale continuous production. The printed fireproof component has good compactness and longer service life, and the production and the manufacture of the fireproof component which has a complex and irregular structure and is difficult to manufacture by a mould are realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a refractory material for 3D printing and a printing method thereof. According to the 3D printing refractory material, the traditional refractory material casting material proportion is improved, new additives are added to meet the requirements of a 3D printing production process, the refractory material for 3D printing is finally obtained, the 3D printing process can be used for production and manufacturing, and the normal-temperature compressive strength of the refractory material is improved.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a refractory material for 3D printing comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
further, the alumina aggregate is refractory alumina particles with the particle size of 5-0 mm, wherein the coarse aggregate is 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, the medium aggregate is 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, the fine aggregate is 200-325-mesh alumina aggregate, and the particle grading is (35-45): (30-40): (15-20).
Further, the aluminate cement is Secar71 aluminate cement.
Further, the silica fume is a powdery material having a particle size of not more than 0.2 μm.
Furthermore, the content of alumina in the active alumina micro powder is more than or equal to 99.2 percent.
Further, the solid water reducing agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1.5-4: 1 sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate, and white powdery materials, and also has the function of retarding coagulation.
Furthermore, the starch ether is a white powdery material and has good compatibility with other additives.
Furthermore, the thixotropic lubricant is aluminum magnesium silicate and a white powdery material, and can prolong the opening time, provide construction lubricity, improve thixotropy and reduce flow resistance.
Furthermore, the length of the polypropylene fiber is 3-5 mm, and the diameter is 18-48 μm.
A 3D printing method of a refractory material for 3D printing, comprising the steps of:
(a) weighing alumina aggregate, aluminate cement, silica fume, activated alumina micro powder, starch ether and a thixotropic lubricant according to the required weight ratio, putting the weighed materials into a stirrer, stirring the materials for 3 to 5 minutes and uniformly mixing the materials;
(b) weighing the solid water reducing agent according to the required weight percentage, then dissolving the solid water reducing agent into the water weighed according to the required weight percentage, and stirring to completely dissolve the solid water reducing agent into the water;
(c) slowly and uniformly pouring the material in the step (b) into the stirrer in the step (a), and fully stirring for 5-10 minutes until the material is in a viscous plastic slurry state;
(d) continuously adding polypropylene fibers, and stirring for 3-5 minutes to fully disperse the fibers to prepare the refractory material;
(e) and putting the prepared refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer, and performing 3D printing according to the shape of the required refractory component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the refractory material for 3D printing meets the requirements of a 3D printing production process, realizes the production and preparation of the refractory component by using the 3D printing process, and greatly improves the production and manufacturing efficiency and quality of the refractory component.
(2) The refractory material for 3D printing and the printing method thereof realize the non-molding production of the refractory component, greatly save the production cost and improve the production efficiency.
(3) The refractory material for 3D printing and the printing method thereof realize the production of the refractory component with the complicated and irregular shape, and after the refractory material for 3D printing is prepared, the refractory component with the complicated and irregular shape which is difficult to manufacture by a mould can be manufactured by a 3D printing process.
(4) The refractory material for 3D printing has good compactness, and the printed refractory component has few bubbles and gaps, so that the normal-temperature compressive strength of the refractory material is greatly improved.
(5) The production is carried out by using a 3D printing process, the convenience and the rapidness are realized, the automation degree is high, and the large-scale continuous production of the refractory components is facilitated.
(6) The production is carried out by using a 3D printing process, and the method is green and friendly and is beneficial to sustainable development.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the refractory material of the present invention, the additives include a solid water reducing agent, a thickener (starch ether), a thixotropic lubricant, and the like. The solid water reducing agent is sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate, is white powdery particles, has a function of retarding coagulation, increases the using amount of the solid water reducing agent, improves the fluidity of the material, and enhances the printable performance of the refractory material; starch ether, white powdery material, have good intermiscibility with other additives; the thixotropic lubricant is aluminum magnesium silicate and a white powdery material, can prolong the opening time, provide construction lubricity, improve thixotropy and reduce flow resistance, and in short, the additive improves the viscosity, the fluidity and the stackability of the material and enhances the printable performance of the refractory material.
In the refractory material, the consumption of the silica fume is increased compared with the consumption of the traditional refractory castable, so that the fluidity is improved, and the printable performance of the refractory material is enhanced.
In the fire-resistant material, the polypropylene fiber regulates the fluidity of the fire-resistant material, improves the continuity and the stackability of the fire-resistant material and enhances the printable performance of the fire-resistant material.
Example 1
Selecting 31.5 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 28 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 5.6 wt% to 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.9 wt% to 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 10 wt% aluminate cement, 5 wt% silica fume, 2.742 wt% active alumina micro powder, 0.05 wt% starch ether and 0.045 wt% thixotropic lubricant, putting the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344 wt% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.086 wt% sodium hexametaphosphate into 10 wt% water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5 to 10 minutes to change the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 1.733% polypropylene fiber into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain the refractory material suitable for 3D printing. The method comprises the steps of opening printing control software of a 3D printer, setting technological parameters such as printing speed of a printing head and material extrusion speed, then introducing a fire-resistant component three-dimensional model drawn by three-dimensional modeling software such as SolidWorks, and setting technological parameters such as a printing path, a printing layer and the like by using a slicing function of the software. And after the preparation is finished, putting the prepared refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer to start printing, and piling the refractory material layer by layer according to set process parameters until the printing process is finished.
Example 2
Selecting 24 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 21 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 9 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 6 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 17 wt% of aluminate cement, 10 wt% of silica fume, 4.32 wt% of activated alumina micro powder, 0.05 wt% of starch ether and 0.18 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, putting the materials into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.518% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.172% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 7 wt% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes to enable the solid raw materials to be changed into a viscoplastic slurry state from a dispersed state, then adding 0.76% of polypropylene anti-cracking fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material suitable for 3D printing. The method comprises the steps of opening printing control software of a 3D printer, setting technological parameters such as printing speed of a printing head and material extrusion speed, then introducing a fire-resistant component three-dimensional model drawn by three-dimensional modeling software such as SolidWorks, and setting technological parameters such as a printing path, a printing layer and the like by using a slicing function of the software. And after the preparation is finished, putting the prepared refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer to start printing, and piling the refractory material layer by layer according to set process parameters until the printing process is finished.
Example 3
Selecting 29.25 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 24.7 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 6.5 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.55 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 14.49 wt% of aluminate cement, 7.5 wt% of silica fume, 4 wt% of active alumina micropowder, 0.01 wt% of starch ether and 0.12 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, putting the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.43 wt% of sodium phosphate and 0.129 wt% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 8 wt% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes to enable the solid raw materials to be changed into a viscoplastic slurry state from a dispersed state, adding 0.321 wt% of polypropylene anti-cracking fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material suitable for 3D printing. The method comprises the steps of opening printing control software of a 3D printer, setting technological parameters such as printing speed of a printing head and material extrusion speed, then introducing a fire-resistant component three-dimensional model drawn by three-dimensional modeling software such as SolidWorks, and setting technological parameters such as a printing path, a printing layer and the like by using a slicing function of the software. And after the preparation is finished, putting the prepared refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer to start printing, and piling the refractory material layer by layer according to set process parameters until the printing process is finished.
Example 4
Selecting 27.09 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 23.31 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 6.93 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 5.67 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 15 wt% of aluminate cement, 7.75 wt% of silica fume, 3.5 wt% of active alumina micropowder, 0.13 wt% of starch ether and 0.154 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, placing the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344 wt% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.172 wt% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 9.7 wt% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes, changing the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 0.25 wt% of polypropylene anti-crack fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material suitable for 3D printing. The method comprises the steps of opening printing control software of a 3D printer, setting technological parameters such as printing speed of a printing head and material extrusion speed, then introducing a fire-resistant component three-dimensional model drawn by three-dimensional modeling software such as SolidWorks, and setting technological parameters such as a printing path, a printing layer and the like by using a slicing function of the software. And after the preparation is finished, putting the prepared refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer to start printing, and piling the refractory material layer by layer according to set process parameters until the printing process is finished.
Example 5
Selecting 29.7 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 26.4 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 5.94 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 3.96 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 11.56 wt% of aluminate cement, 9.2 wt% of silica fume, 3.8 wt% of active alumina micropowder, 0.032% of starch ether and 0.15 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, putting the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.43% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.258% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 7.8% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes, changing the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 0.77% of polypropylene anti-cracking fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material suitable for 3D printing. The method comprises the steps of opening printing control software of a 3D printer, setting technological parameters such as printing speed of a printing head and material extrusion speed, then introducing a fire-resistant component three-dimensional model drawn by three-dimensional modeling software such as SolidWorks, and setting technological parameters such as a printing path, a printing layer and the like by using a slicing function of the software. And after the preparation is finished, putting the prepared refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer to start printing, and piling the refractory material layer by layer according to set process parameters until the printing process is finished.
Comparative example 1
Selecting 31.5 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 28 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 5.6 wt% to 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.9 wt% to 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 10 wt% aluminate cement, 5 wt% silica fume, 2.792 wt% active alumina micropowder and 0.045 wt% thixotropic lubricant, putting the materials into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344 wt% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.086 wt% sodium hexametaphosphate into 10% water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5 to 10 minutes to change the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 1.733% polypropylene fiber into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain the refractory material.
Comparative example 2
Selecting 31.5 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 28 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 5.6 wt% to 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.9 wt% to 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 10.045 wt% aluminate cement, 5 wt% silica fume, 2.742 wt% active alumina micro powder and 0.05 wt% starch ether, putting the materials into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344 wt% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.086 wt% sodium hexametaphosphate into 10% water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5 to 10 minutes to change the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 1.733% polypropylene fiber into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain the refractory material.
Comparative example 3
Selecting 31.5 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 28 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 5.6 wt% to 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.9 wt% to 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 10 wt% aluminate cement, 5.095 wt% silica fume and 2.742 wt% active alumina micro powder, putting the materials into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.086% sodium hexametaphosphate into 10% water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5 to 10 minutes to change the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 1.733% polypropylene fiber into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain the refractory material.
Comparative example 4
Selecting 31.5 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 28 wt% to 3mm alumina aggregate, 5.6 wt% to 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.9 wt% to 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 10 wt% aluminate cement, 5 wt% silica fume, 2.742 wt% active alumina micro powder, 0.05 wt% starch ether and 0.045 wt% thixotropic lubricant, putting the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344 wt% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.086 wt% sodium hexametaphosphate into 10 wt% water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5 to 10 minutes to change the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 1.733% polypropylene fiber into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3 to 5 minutes to obtain the refractory material. And then placing the refractory material obtained by stirring into a mould for pouring and molding.
Comparative example 5
Selecting 24 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 21 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 9 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 6 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 17 wt% of aluminate cement, 10 wt% of silica fume, 4.32 wt% of activated alumina micro powder, 0.05 wt% of starch ether and 0.18 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, putting the materials into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.518% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.172% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 7 wt% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes to enable the solid raw materials to be changed into a viscoplastic slurry state from a dispersed state, then adding 0.76% of polypropylene anti-cracking fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material. And then placing the refractory material obtained by stirring into a mould for pouring and molding.
Comparative example 6
Selecting 29.25 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 24.7 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 6.5 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 4.55 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 14.49 wt% of aluminate cement, 7.5 wt% of silica fume, 4 wt% of active alumina micropowder, 0.01 wt% of starch ether and 0.12 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, putting the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.43 wt% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.129 wt% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 8 wt% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes to enable the solid raw materials to be changed into a viscoplastic slurry state from a dispersed state, adding 0.321 wt% of polypropylene anti-cracking fiber into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material. And then placing the refractory material obtained by stirring into a mould for pouring and molding.
Comparative example 7
Selecting 27.09 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 23.31 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 6.93 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 5.67 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 15 wt% of aluminate cement, 7.75 wt% of silica fume, 3.5 wt% of active alumina micropowder, 0.13 wt% of starch ether and 0.154 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, placing the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.344 wt% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.172 wt% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 9.7 wt% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes to change the solid raw materials from a dispersed state into a viscoplastic slurry state, adding 0.25 wt% of polypropylene anti-crack fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material. And then placing the refractory material obtained by stirring into a mould for pouring and molding.
Comparative example 8
Selecting 29.7 wt% of 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, 26.4 wt% of 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, 5.94 wt% of 200 mesh alumina aggregate, 3.96 wt% of 325 mesh alumina aggregate, 11.56 wt% of aluminate cement, 9.2 wt% of silica fume, 3.8 wt% of active alumina micropowder, 0.032% of starch ether and 0.15 wt% of thixotropic lubricant, putting the mixture into a stirrer, fully stirring for 3-5 minutes, adding two solid water reducing agents of 0.43% of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.258% of sodium hexametaphosphate into 7.8% of water, fully dissolving, slowly pouring the mixture into the stirrer, stirring for 5-10 minutes to enable the solid raw materials to be changed into a viscoplastic slurry state from a dispersed state, then adding 0.77% of polypropylene anti-cracking fibers into the stirrer, and fully stirring for 3-5 minutes to obtain the refractory material. And then placing the refractory material obtained by stirring into a mould for pouring and molding.
The alumina aggregate referred to in table 1 is a refractory alumina particle having a particle size of 5 to 0mm, wherein the coarse aggregate is 5 to 3mm, the medium aggregate is 3 to 1mm, and the fine aggregate is 200 mesh and 325 mesh alumina aggregates.
TABLE 1 quality percentages of raw materials of examples and comparative examples
The fluidity tests were performed on examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 according to the fluidity test method. The normal temperature compressive strength of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 4-8 was determined by referring to the national standard GB/T5072-.
The results of comparing the properties of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of the properties of the examples with those of the comparative examples
| Item | Fluidity/mm | Normal temperature compressive strength/MPa |
| Example 1 | 167 | 103.4 |
| Example 2 | 162 | 101.2 |
| Example 3 | 165 | 105.6 |
| Example 4 | 166 | 112.4 |
| Example 5 | 164 | 105.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 176 | - |
| Comparative example 2 | 154 | - |
| Comparative example 3 | 180 | - |
| Comparative example 4 | - | 83.8 |
| Comparative example 5 | - | 85.7 |
| Comparative example 6 | - | 82.6 |
| Comparative example 7 | - | 83.2 |
| Comparative example 8 | - | 84.5 |
。
The refractory material is obtained through a plurality of 3D printing experiments: the refractory material fluidity requirement meeting the 3D printing extrusion and accumulation performance is 160-170 mm.
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the fluidity of the refractory materials obtained in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention is within the range of 160 to 170mm, and the requirements of the production process of the 3D printing refractory material are met.
In comparative example 1, no starch ether is added, so that the obtained refractory material has low viscosity, poor continuity and increased fluidity, and does not meet the production process requirements of 3D printing refractory materials.
The thixotropic lubricant is not added in the comparative example 2, so that the thixotropy and construction open time of the obtained refractory material are reduced, the flow resistance is increased, the fluidity is reduced, and the production process requirement of the 3D printing refractory material is not met.
In comparative example 3, no starch ether and thixotropic lubricant were added, resulting in a greatly reduced viscosity, reduced continuity and stackability, and increased fluidity of the resulting refractory, which did not meet the requirements of the 3D printing refractory production process.
The formulas used in comparative examples 4 to 8 correspond to those of examples 1 to 5 in sequence, except that all the components are cast. The normal temperature compressive strength of the refractory materials obtained in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 4-8 is determined by referring to the national standard GB/T5072-. Compared with a pouring formed refractory material, the refractory material produced by the 3D printing process has the advantage that the normal-temperature compressive strength is greatly improved.
Claims (9)
1. The refractory material for 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
alumina aggregate: 60.0-70.0%
Aluminate cement: 10.0 to 17.0 percent
Silica fume: 5.0 to 10.0 percent
Activated alumina micropowder: 2.742% -4.320%
Solid water reducing agent: 0.43% -0.69%
Starch ether: 0.01 to 0.05 percent
Thixotropic lubricant: 0.045% -0.180%
Polypropylene fiber: 0.250 to 1.733 percent
Water: 7.0% -10.0%.
2. The refractory according to claim 1, wherein the alumina aggregate is refractory alumina particles with a particle size in the range of 5-0 mm, wherein the coarse aggregate is 5-3 mm alumina aggregate, the medium aggregate is 3-1 mm alumina aggregate, the fine aggregate is 200-mesh and 325-mesh alumina aggregate, and the particle grading is (35-45): (30-40): (15-20).
3. The refractory of claim 1, wherein the aluminate cement is Secar71 aluminate cement.
4. The refractory according to claim 1, wherein the silica fume is a powdery material having a particle size of not more than 0.2 μm.
5. The refractory of claim 1, wherein the activated alumina micropowder has an alumina content of 99.2% or more.
6. The refractory material of claim 1, wherein the solid water reducing agent is prepared by mixing, by mass, 1.5-4: 1 sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate.
7. The refractory of claim 1 wherein said thixotropic lubricant is magnesium aluminum silicate.
8. The refractory material according to claim 1, wherein the polypropylene fibers have a length of 3 to 5mm and a diameter of 18 to 48 μm.
9. A 3D printing method of a refractory material for 3D printing, comprising the steps of:
(a) weighing alumina aggregate, aluminate cement, silica fume, activated alumina micro powder, starch ether and a thixotropic lubricant according to the weight ratio, placing the materials into a stirrer, stirring the materials for 3 to 5 minutes and uniformly mixing the materials;
(b) dissolving a solid water reducing agent into a certain amount of water according to a certain proportion, and stirring to completely dissolve the solid water reducing agent;
(c) slowly and uniformly pouring the material in the step (b) into the stirrer in the step (a), and fully stirring for 5-10 minutes until the material is in a viscous plastic slurry state;
(d) continuously adding polypropylene fibers, and stirring for 3-5 minutes to fully disperse the fibers to prepare the refractory material;
(e) and putting the obtained refractory material into a feeding bin of a 3D printer, and performing 3D printing according to the shape of the required refractory component.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114933483A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-08-23 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | 3D printing material, 3D printing product, refractory and preparation method thereof |
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