CN112341134B - 一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112341134B
CN112341134B CN202011244477.6A CN202011244477A CN112341134B CN 112341134 B CN112341134 B CN 112341134B CN 202011244477 A CN202011244477 A CN 202011244477A CN 112341134 B CN112341134 B CN 112341134B
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欧阳静
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Abstract

本发明公开一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料及其制备方法和应用，所述加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料原料包括天然多孔矿物、粘结剂和定型剂；该材料状态可以是粉体、固态或浆料；产品性质稳定，加热到1000℃以上不会发生明显变形或孔道坍塌，也不会放出有毒有害气体；材料具有天然的通透性气孔，透气性良好，空气阻力低；隔热性能优良，导热系数在0.02‑0.10W(m·k)‑1范围内可调节，该隔热材料用于电子烟加热套管的外层可以防止电子烟的过快冷却，特别是防止外壁发烫、避免用户烫伤等问题。

Description

一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及电子烟技术领域，具体涉及一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
多种加热不燃烧电子烟器具是无明火烟草技术的新兴发展方向，这种器具的开发与应用不光是新产品开发的问题，同时也要涉及到新型材料开发与应用等问题。其中电子烟加热套管的外层需要使用一层隔热材料以防止电子烟的过快冷却、特别是防止外壁发烫、使用户烫伤等问题，具有重要的市场和商用价值。
现有技术中已经出现多种有关电子烟隔热材料的相关研究，如雷诺公司专利CN102481021A、CN102946747A、CN103929989A等使用碳纤维、阻燃有机纤维、多孔金属、多孔陶瓷材料，菲莫公司专利CN1040496A、CN1039710A、CN104602554A、CN104869855A、CN104869855A等使用了真空套管、黏土、金属氧化物、或者玻璃纤维作为隔热涂层。其中，黏土或玻璃涂层等材料作为隔热涂层完全隔绝了空气的进入，导致香烟的进气结构变的复杂。碳纤维、多孔金属和多孔陶瓷材料虽然在透气效果上有所改善，但其制备成本高，绝热效果也不如纤维类材料；阻燃有机纤维等材料的耐高温效果欠佳。
国内如云烟、福建烟草等公司也申请了相关专用隔热材料的专利。专利CN209552613U、CN109793264A、CN109291558A均公开的是一种两层玻璃纤维布中间夹一层玻璃毡层作为隔热材料，取得了较好的效果。CN209898300U则直接使用真空套管作为隔热组件。CN110973717A使用的是商品化的SiO2气凝胶隔热毡、纳米石墨烯膜或气凝胶隔热纸组合而成的复合隔热材料。CN210382651U使用的隔热组件是絮状气凝胶材料，主要成分为SiO2、硅酸钙粉末材料组成。然而上述材料的开发都需要由化工原料经过复杂的加工工艺制造而成，具有工艺复杂、原料成本高、稳定性不佳、过热容易放出有害气体等问题。
基于此，极其有必要提供一种成本低、加工工艺简单、性质稳定、隔热透气效果好的加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料及其制备方法和应用。该材料是利用天然矿物为原料，并与定型剂、粘结剂复合而成，具有高效隔热性能的材料加工而成的新型材料，该产品可以调制成粉体、液态、或固化成型为所需形状的器件，同时可以满足电子烟隔热材料的透气性和隔热要求。
本发明提供一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料，原料包括质量比例为(80-98):(0.5-15):(5-20)的多孔矿物、粘结剂和定型剂。
进一步地，所述多孔矿物选自膨胀蛭石、膨胀石墨、电气石、麦饭石、沸石、浮石、硅藻土、埃洛石、珍珠岩和磷灰石中的一种或多种的组合；所述定型剂选自凹凸棒石、海泡石、蒙脱石、高岭石、硅灰石和温石棉的一种或多种组合。
定型剂的主要作用是固定多孔矿物在填充后的位置和形状，使之在加工和成型后不变形、不开裂、不脱落。
进一步地，所述粘结剂为无机化合物粘结材料。
进一步地，所述粘结剂选自铝酸钠、水玻璃、拟薄水铝石和六偏磷酸钠中的一种或多种组合。
本发明还提供上述加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料的制备方法，将多孔矿物、粘结剂、定型剂搅拌混合得加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料粉体料；
或者，将多孔矿物、粘结剂、定型剂搅拌混合得粉体料后压制成型，烧结固化得加热不燃烧隔器具用热材料定型固体器件；
进一步地，压制压力为5-30MPa，所述的烧结温度为350-1050℃，烧结时间为1-5小时；
或者，将多孔矿物、粘结剂、定型剂搅拌混合得粉体料后，加水混合得加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料浆料；
进一步地，加入的水的质量比例为粉体料总质量的10-200％。
本发明还提供上述加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料作为电子烟隔热层填料、成型固件或填充浆料的应用。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)所使用的原料以天然矿物为主、成本低、加工工艺简单；(2)性质稳定，产品加热到1000℃以上不会发生明显变形或孔道坍塌，也不会放出有毒有害气体；(3)材料具有天然的通透性气孔、透气性良好、空气阻力低；(4)隔热性能优良，导热系数(25℃)在0.02-0.10W(m·k)-1范围内可调节，且随多孔矿物含量的增加而降低。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式，该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制，而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。
应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式，并非用于限制本发明。另外，对于本发明中的数值范围，应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明，否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料，但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。本说明书中提到的所有文献通过引用并入，用以公开和描述与所述文献相关的方法和/或材料。在与任何并入的文献冲突时，以本说明书的内容为准。
在不背离本发明的范围或精神的情况下，可对本发明说明书的具体实施方式做多种改进和变化，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。由本发明的说明书得到的其他实施方式对技术人员而言是显而易见得的。本申请说明书和实施例仅是示例性的。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等，均为开放性的用语，即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
称取-2.5mm～+0.25mm膨胀蛭石90g，粉状拟薄水铝石3g、-50.0μm高岭石7g混合后，在搅拌器中高速搅拌混合，获得固态填充用粉体隔热材料。该粉体填充于加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，振实后，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.04W(m·k)-1，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.5m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度低于45℃，不烫手、不散落、不开裂，隔热和保温效果良好。
实施例2
称取-1.0mm～+0.25mm膨胀石墨80g、固体铝酸钠10g、-75.0μm海泡石10g，再量取去离子水100mL，在搅拌器中高速搅拌混合，获得填充用隔热材料浆体。该浆体注射入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，在110℃烘干后，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.06W(m·k)-1。依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.2m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度低于45℃，不烫手、不散落、不开裂，隔热和保温效果良好。
实施例3
称取-2.5mm～+0.25mm浮石90g、液态硅酸钠4g、-75.0μm凹凸棒石6g，充分搅拌混合后，再量取去离子水100mL，在搅拌器中高速搅拌混合，获得的混合料填充入专用模具，以油压机以10MPa压力压制成内径为8mm、外径为11mm、长85mm的管状坯料，再在500℃烧结2h成固定形状的管状多孔材料器件，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.02W(m·k)-1。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.7m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度低于45℃，不烫手、不散落、不开裂，隔热和保温效果良好。
将所制备的产品加热到1000℃保持20min，未发生明显变形或孔道坍塌。
实施例4
称取-2.5mm～+0.25mm浮石90g、液态硅酸钠4g、-75.0μm凹凸棒石6g，充分搅拌混合后，再量取去离子水100mL，在搅拌器中高速搅拌混合，获得的混合料填充入专用模具，以油压机以10MPa压力压制成内径为8mm、外径为11mm、长85mm的管状坯料，再在1050℃烧结2h成固定形状的管状多孔材料，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.10W(m·k)-1。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.1m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度低于45℃，不烫手、不散落、不开裂，隔热和保温效果良好。
将所制备的产品加热到1000℃保持20min，未发生明显变形或孔道坍塌。
实施例5
同实施例1，区别在于，省略拟薄水铝石3g。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.04W(m·k)-1，将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.5m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度低于45℃，不烫手、轻微散落、轻微开裂，隔热和保温效果良好。
实施例6
同实施例1，区别在于，省略高岭石7g。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.04W(m·k)-1，将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.8m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度60℃，轻微烫手、不散落、开裂，隔热和保温效果欠佳。
实施例7
同实施例1，区别在于，称取膨胀蛭石90g，拟薄水铝石3g、高岭石3g混合。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.05W(m·k)-1，将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为3.6m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度低于45℃，不烫手、不散落、开裂，隔热和保温效果良好。
实施例8
同实施例1，区别在于，称取膨胀蛭石70g，拟薄水铝石3g、高岭石10g混合。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.05W(m·k)-1，将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为2.7m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度90℃，烫手、不散落、不开裂，隔热和保温效果欠佳。
实施例9
同实施例1，区别在于，称取膨胀蛭石90g，拟薄水铝石3g、高岭石25g混合。将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据国标GB/T10294-2008测得其导热系数(25℃)为0.06W(m·k)-1，将该管嵌套入加热不燃烧电子烟的不锈钢双层装烟管的中间层，依据GB4736-1984测试产品的透气率为2.5m/s；使用过程中，在管内层以电加热至200℃环境中使用10分钟，外层套管温度85℃，烫手、不散落、不开裂，隔热和保温效果欠佳。
性能验证
将实施例1-9所述原料经搅拌混匀制得粉体原料后，10MPa压力压制成尺寸为20mm×20mm×3.0mm的片状材料，再在500℃烧结2h成固定形状的多孔材料，进行透气性和强度检测，结果见表1；
表1
Figure BDA0002769501410000061
由表1数据可以得出，只有在本发明限定的原料组分混合比例范围内，才能使所制备的隔热材料在具有好的透气效果的同时兼具较高的抗拉强度性能，在成型剂用量过高会导致成型剂堵塞多孔材料孔径，使材料透气性下降，当粘结剂和成型剂用量较少时也不能保证材料的强度要求。
此外经过试验验证，多孔矿物为膨胀蛭石、膨胀石墨、电气石、麦饭石、沸石、浮石、硅藻土、埃洛石、珍珠岩和磷灰石中的任意一种或多种的组合；定型剂选自凹凸棒石、海泡石、蒙脱石、高岭石、硅灰石和温石棉的任意一种或多种组合；粘结剂选自铝酸钠、水玻璃、拟薄水铝石和六偏磷酸钠中的任意一种或多种组合时所制备的加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料均可以满足导热系数(25℃)在0.02-0.10W(m·k)-1范围内，性质稳定，产品加热到1000℃以上不会发生明显变形或孔道坍塌，也不会放出有毒有害气体；材料具有天然的通透性气孔、透气性良好、空气阻力低。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料，其特征在于，原料包括质量比例为(80-98):(0.5-15):(5-20)的多孔矿物、粘结剂和定型剂；
所述多孔矿物选自膨胀蛭石、膨胀石墨、电气石、麦饭石、沸石、浮石、埃洛石和磷灰石中的一种或多种的组合；所述定型剂选自凹凸棒石、蒙脱石、高岭石和硅灰石的一种或多种组合；
所述加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料为粉体、浆体或者定型固体器件；
所述粘结剂选自铝酸钠、水玻璃、拟薄水铝石和六偏磷酸钠中的一种或多种组合；
所述的加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料的制备方法，将多孔矿物、粘结剂、定型剂搅拌混合得加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料粉体料；
将多孔矿物、粘结剂、定型剂搅拌混合得粉体料后压制成型，烧结固化得加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料定型固体器件；
将多孔矿物、粘结剂、定型剂搅拌混合得粉体料后，加水混合得加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料浆料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料，其特征在于，压制压力为5-30MPa，所述的烧结温度为350-1050℃，烧结时间为1-5小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料，其特征在于，加入的水的质量比例为粉体料总质量的10-200％。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的加热不燃烧器具用隔热材料作为电子烟隔热层填料、成型固件或填充浆料的应用。
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