CN112339083A - Daily ceramic picture edge glazing integrated machine - Google Patents
Daily ceramic picture edge glazing integrated machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112339083A CN112339083A CN202011366996.XA CN202011366996A CN112339083A CN 112339083 A CN112339083 A CN 112339083A CN 202011366996 A CN202011366996 A CN 202011366996A CN 112339083 A CN112339083 A CN 112339083A
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- glaze
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/001—Applying decorations on shaped articles, e.g. by painting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/044—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with glaze or engobe or enamel or varnish
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/048—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers by spraying or projecting
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic production equipment, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the existing ceramic production and processing process, the edge painting and glazing process works in a single machine, the labor is relied on, and the efficiency is low. The technical scheme is as follows: the painting edge machine comprises a base, a feeding conveyer belt, a first carrying manipulator, an edge drawing conveyer belt, two positioning cylinders, a three-axis linear motor groove group painting brush, a pigment basin, a second carrying manipulator, a first four-station turntable, a constant liquid level glaze dipping jar, a second four-station turntable, a glaze spraying glaze jar, a sponge bottom wiping conveyer belt, a bottom wiping positioning cylinder, a third carrying manipulator, a discharging conveyer belt and a fourth carrying manipulator, wherein one side of the feeding conveyer belt and one side of the discharging conveyer belt which are parallel to the base are respectively and longitudinally arranged on the left side and the right side of the base, the edge drawing conveyer belt is arranged on the inner side of the feeding conveyer belt in parallel, and the first multi-station turntable and the second multi-station turntable are arranged in the middle. The invention can realize the integrated and automatic operation of the ceramic product edge painting and glazing processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic production equipment, and particularly relates to a daily ceramic painting edge glazing integrated machine.
Background
The existing ceramic edge painting and glazing processes are basically finished manually, although a small amount of edge painting and glazing equipment is provided, the edge painting and glazing equipment is independent manual equipment and is not integrated into an integrated combined automatic equipment, and in addition, because the edge painting and glazing equipment does not have more and better work in yield and quality, each equipment can only aim at a certain type of ceramic mud blank products and cannot achieve the universality of various products, most of the existing edge painting and glazing equipment is in an idle state.
When the existing ceramic edge painting machine works, products need to be placed on the positioning rotary disc one at a time manually, the products need to be placed right, then an edge painting device located on the upper portion of the rotary disc falls down to place a painting brush on the products, the edge painting device rotates along the upper rotary disc to finish edge painting, then the painting brush ascends, and then the painted products are taken out manually, and the operation is repeated.
The prior advanced ceramic glazing machine needs to be operated by a plurality of people during working, and ceramic mud blank products are manually and orderly placed on a feeding conveyor belt one by one with a downward opening from a wood board during working. The product is conveyed to the manipulator by the conveying belt, is sucked by the manipulator and conveyed to the position where the inner glaze is sprayed, then the manipulator conveys the product to a turnover mechanism, the turnover mechanism clamps the product and overturns the product by 180 degrees to place the front of the product on the middle conveying belt, the conveying belt conveys the product to the position where the outer glaze is soaked, the manipulator sucks the product and places the product into a glaze cylinder, the product is conveyed to the position where the bottom is wiped, and finally the product is placed on the discharging conveying belt and is picked up manually one by one to complete the work.
In conclusion, the existing ceramic painting edge and glazing equipment works alone and can only work on a single type of product; the operation process depends on manpower, and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the painting edge and glazing process used in the production process of the existing daily ceramic works by a single machine, depends on manpower and has low efficiency, and provides a daily ceramic painting edge and glazing integrated machine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a daily ceramic edge glazing integrated machine comprises a base, a feeding conveyer belt, a first carrying manipulator, an edge drawing conveyer belt, two positioning cylinders, an edge drawing device, a pigment basin, a second carrying manipulator, a first multi-station turntable, a constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder, a second multi-station turntable, a glaze spraying cylinder, a sponge bottom wiping conveyer belt, a bottom wiping positioning cylinder, a third carrying manipulator, a discharging conveyer belt and a fourth carrying manipulator;
the feeding conveyer belt and the discharging conveyer belt are arranged on the upper portion of the base and are respectively and longitudinally arranged on the left side and the right side of the base, the drawing edge conveyer belt is arranged on the inner side of the feeding conveyer belt in parallel, the drawing edge conveyer belt is sequentially divided into four areas of a feeding station, a positioning station, a drawing edge station and a removing station from front to back, the first carrying manipulator is arranged above the middle of the feeding station area of the drawing edge conveyer belt, the arm length of the first carrying manipulator stretches across the feeding conveyer belt and the drawing edge conveyer belt, two positioning cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the middle area of the positioning station of the drawing edge conveyer belt and are positioned above the positioning station of the drawing edge conveyer belt, a drawing edge device is arranged above the middle of the drawing edge station area of the drawing edge conveyer belt, the pigment basin is arranged on the left side of the drawing edge station, and a second carrying manipulator is arranged above the middle of the removing, first multistation carousel sets up the rear portion between drawing limit conveyer belt and ejection of compact conveyer belt, invariable liquid level soaks the glaze jar or spouts the glaze jar setting on one side at first multistation carousel, second multistation carousel sets up between drawing limit conveyer belt and ejection of compact conveyer belt, just second multistation carousel is located the place ahead of first multistation carousel, spout glaze jar or invariable liquid level soaks the glaze jar setting in second multistation carousel left side, the bottom conveyer belt perpendicular to ejection of compact conveyer belt setting is on the right side of second multistation carousel at the bottom of the sponge, bottom conveyer belt one side is wiped to the sponge sets up and wipes end location cylinder, it is connected with the location pin of L type to wipe end location cylinder front end, location pin top crossbeam is located the top of the bottom conveyer belt one end of the sponge that is close to ejection of compact conveyer belt, and the front end of location pin is pasted and is had soft silica gel pad, third transport manipulator sets up and spanes ejection of compact conveyer belt and sponge length in ejection of compact conveyer The fourth carrying mechanical arm is arranged above the rear parts of the feeding conveying belt and the discharging conveying belt, and the arm length of the fourth carrying mechanical arm stretches across the feeding conveying belt and the discharging conveying belt.
Further, first multistation carousel includes the first manipulator of glazing porcelain of first carousel platform and a plurality of, the first manipulator of glazing porcelain of a plurality of evenly sets up around first carousel platform upper portion, and forms a plurality of station jointly in proper order along clockwise from the left side: the automatic glazing machine comprises a 1# station, a 2# station, a 3# station and a 4# station, wherein the mechanical arm of the second carrying mechanical arm extends to the position right above the 1# station, and the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder or the glaze spraying cylinder is positioned right below the 2# station.
Furthermore, the first glazing manipulator comprises a rodless cylinder, a horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder, a downward 90-degree turnover cylinder and a manipulator sucker, the rodless cylinder is arranged on the periphery of the upper portion of the first rotary platform, the horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder is arranged on a sliding block of the rodless cylinder, the downward 90-degree turnover cylinder is arranged on an output shaft of the horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder, and the manipulator sucker is arranged on a turnover plate of the downward 90-degree turnover cylinder.
Further, the second multistation carousel includes second carousel platform and a plurality of second manipulator of glazing porcelain, a plurality of second manipulator of glazing porcelain evenly sets up around second carousel platform, and forms a plurality of station jointly in proper order along anticlockwise rotation direction from the rear side: the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder or the glaze spraying cylinder is positioned right below the No. 6 station.
Further, a plurality of second manipulator of glazing porcelain includes parallel bar cylinder and a plurality of sucking disc about a plurality of horizontal rotation cylinder, a plurality of connecting rod, a plurality of horizontal rotation cylinder evenly sets up around second carousel platform upper portion, upper and lower parallel bar cylinder passes through the connecting rod and links to each other with the output shaft of horizontal rotation cylinder, the sucking disc sets up the piston rod lower extreme of parallel bar cylinder from top to bottom, the sucking disc on the 5# station is located the manipulator sucking disc of 4# station directly over.
Furthermore, the bottom wiping positioning cylinder, the rodless cylinder, the horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder, the downward 90-degree overturning cylinder, the horizontal rotating cylinder, the upper and lower parallel bars cylinders, the driving cylinders of the first carrying mechanical arm, the second carrying mechanical arm, the third carrying mechanical arm and the fourth carrying mechanical arm can be replaced by any one of a gear machine, an electric cylinder and a linear motor module.
Further, set up the division board in the middle of the glaze jar is soaked to invariable liquid level, the outer wall height that highly is less than the glaze jar is soaked to invariable liquid level of division board, invariable liquid level soaks the glaze jar and divide into and stores up glaze district and invariable liquid level district, the lower part that stores up the glaze district links to each other with the input of first glaze pump through first connecting pipe, the lower part in invariable liquid level district links to each other with the output of first glaze pump through first connecting pipe.
Furthermore, the lower part of the glaze storage area of the glaze spraying cylinder is connected with the input end of a second glaze pump through a second connecting pipe, the output end of the second glaze pump is connected with a glaze spraying head through a second connecting pipe, and the glaze spraying head is positioned in the middle of the upper part of the glaze spraying cylinder.
Furthermore, the hand parts of the first carrying mechanical hand, the second carrying mechanical hand, the third carrying mechanical hand and the fourth carrying mechanical hand are all provided with suckers; the edge drawing device can adopt any one of a contour template and a three-axis linear motor module.
Furthermore, the hand suckers, the manipulator suckers and the suckers of the first carrying manipulator, the second carrying manipulator, the third carrying manipulator and the fourth carrying manipulator can be replaced by any other clamping device.
Furthermore, the first multi-station turntable and the second multi-station turntable can be replaced by any one of a cam divider, an electric indexer and a special-shaped track sliding table, and the number of the stations is more than or equal to 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the positioning start-stop intermittent motion of the conveying belt and the multi-station turntable is matched with the flexible manipulator, the drawing edge of the domestic ceramic is combined with the glazing process, the integrated and automatic operation of ceramic mud blank product processing is realized, only one worker is needed to perform two simple actions of placing and discharging the ceramic mud blank product in the whole working process, the labor force and the labor intensity are greatly saved, and the efficiency and the quality of the product are improved;
2. the invention skillfully combines the application process modes of the single-color glaze and the double-color glaze together, and the two application modes can be freely switched easily only by replacing the positions of the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder and the glaze spraying cylinder and switching the modes of the arranged control system in the glazing operation, thereby realizing the multifunction of the equipment;
3. the edge painting part adopts a mode of painting brush rotation and product stillness, and can paint various ceramic mud blank products with complex shapes by adjusting the parameters of the linear motor module.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the first multi-station turntable shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the second multi-station turntable shown in fig. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the working principle of the glaze dipping cylinder;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the working principle of the glaze spraying cylinder;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a ceramic greenware product placed on a wood board;
in the figure: 1-base, 2-feeding conveyer belt, 3-first carrying manipulator, 4-edge-drawing conveyer belt, 5-positioning cylinder, 6-edge-drawing device, 7-pigment basin, 8-second carrying manipulator, 9-first multi-station turntable, 10-constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder, 11-second multi-station turntable, 12-glaze spraying cylinder, 13-sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt, 14-bottom-wiping positioning cylinder, 15-third carrying manipulator, 16-discharging conveyer belt, 17-fourth carrying manipulator, 18-wood board and 19-ceramic mud blank product;
wherein: a-moving in station, b-positioning station, c-edge drawing station and d-moving away station;
9.1-a first turntable platform, 9.2-a first glazing manipulator, 9.3-1# station, 9.4-2# station, 9.5-3# station and 9.6-4# station;
9.2.1-rodless cylinder, 9.2.2-horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder, 9.2.3-downward 90-degree turning cylinder and 9.2.4-mechanical arm sucker;
10.1-a glaze storage area, 10.2-a partition plate, 10.3-a constant liquid level area, 10.4-a first connecting pipe and 10.5-a first glaze pump;
11.1-a second turntable platform, 11.2-a second glazing manipulator, 11.3-5# station, 11.4-6# station, 11.5-7# station and 11.6-8# station;
11.2.1-horizontal rotary cylinder, 11.2.2-connecting rod, 11.2.3-upper and lower parallel bars cylinder, 11.2.4-suction cup;
12.1-glaze storage area, 12.2-glaze spraying head, 12.3-second connecting pipe and 12.4-second glaze pump;
14.1-positioning the stop lever.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1: single color glazing mode
A daily ceramic edge glazing integrated machine comprises a base 1, a feeding conveyer belt 2, a first carrying manipulator 3, an edge drawing conveyer belt 4, two positioning cylinders 5, an edge drawing device 6, a pigment basin 7, a second carrying manipulator 8, a first four-station turntable 9, a constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder 10, a second four-station turntable 11, a glaze spraying cylinder 12, a sponge bottom wiping conveyer belt 13, a bottom wiping positioning cylinder 14, a third carrying manipulator 15, a discharging conveyer belt 16 and a fourth carrying manipulator 17;
the feeding conveyer belt 2 and the discharging conveyer belt 16 are arranged on the upper part of the base 1 and are respectively and longitudinally arranged on the left side and the right side of the base 1, the drawing edge conveyer belt 4 is arranged on the inner side of the feeding conveyer belt 2 in parallel, the drawing edge conveyer belt 4 is sequentially divided into four areas of a feeding station a, a positioning station b, a drawing edge station c and a removing station d from front to back, the first carrying manipulator 3 is arranged above the middle part of the area of the feeding station a of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, the arm length of the first carrying manipulator stretches across the feeding conveyer belt 2 and the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, two positioning cylinders 5 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the middle area of the positioning station b of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, the two positioning cylinders 5 are positioned above the positioning station b of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, a drawing edge device 6 is arranged above the middle part of the area of the drawing edge station c of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, the pigment basin, a second carrying manipulator 8 is arranged above the middle part of a carrying-away station d area of the painting edge conveyor belt 4, the first four-station turntable 9 is arranged at the rear part between the painting edge conveyor belt 4 and the discharging conveyor belt 16, the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder 10 is arranged beside the first four-station turntable 9, the second four-station turntable 11 is arranged between the painting edge conveyor belt 4 and the discharging conveyor belt 16, the second four-station turntable 11 is positioned in front of the first four-station turntable 9, the glaze spraying cylinder 12 is arranged at the left side of the second four-station turntable 11, the sponge bottom wiping conveyor belt 13 is arranged at the right side of the second four-station turntable 11 perpendicular to the discharging conveyor belt 16, a bottom wiping positioning cylinder 14 is arranged at one side of the sponge bottom wiping conveyor belt 13, the front end of the bottom wiping positioning cylinder 14 is connected with an L-shaped positioning baffle rod 14.1, a beam above the positioning baffle rod 14.1 is positioned above one end of the sponge bottom wiping conveyor belt 13 close to the discharging conveyor belt 16, and the front end of location pin 14.1 is pasted and is had soft silica gel pad, third transport machinery hand 15 sets up 16 tops of ejection of compact conveyer belt and its arm length spanes ejection of compact conveyer belt 16 and sponge and rubs end conveyer belt 13, fourth transport machinery hand 17 sets up the rear portion top of pan feeding conveyer belt 2 and ejection of compact conveyer belt 16, and the arm length of fourth transport machinery hand 17 spanes pan feeding conveyer belt 2 and ejection of compact conveyer belt 16.
First quadruplex position carousel 9 includes first carousel platform 9.1 and four first manipulators of glazing porcelain 9.2, four first manipulators of glazing porcelain 9.2 evenly set up around first carousel platform 9.1 upper portion, and follow the left side and form four stations jointly in proper order along clockwise: 9.3 # station, 9.4 # station, 9.5 # station, 9.6 # station 4# station, the arm length of second transport manipulator 8 extends to directly over 9.3 # station, and invariable liquid level soaks glaze cylinder 10 and is located directly under 9.4 # station 2.
The first glazing manipulator 9.2 comprises a rodless cylinder 9.2.1, a horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder 9.2.2, a downward 90-degree turning cylinder 9.2.3 and a manipulator sucker 9.2.4, the rodless cylinder 9.2.1 is arranged on the periphery of the upper portion of the first turntable platform 9.1, the horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder 9.2.2 is arranged on a sliding block of the rodless cylinder 9.2.1, the downward 90-degree turning cylinder 9.2.3 is arranged on an output shaft of the horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder 9.2.2, and the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 is arranged on a turning plate of the downward 90-degree turning cylinder 9.2.3.
The second quadruplex position carousel 11 includes second carousel platform 11.1 and four second mechanical hand of glazing porcelain 11.2, four second mechanical hands of glazing porcelain 11.2 evenly set up around second carousel platform 11.1, and follow the rear side along counter-clockwise rotation direction and form four stations jointly in proper order: the # 5 station 11.3, the # 6 station 11.4, the # 7 station 11.5 and the # 8 station 11.6, and the glaze spraying cylinder 12 is positioned right below the # 6 station 11.4.
Four second manipulator 11.2 of glazing porcelain include four horizontal rotation cylinder 11.2.1, four connecting rods 11.2.2, four upper and lower parallel bars cylinder 11.2.3 and four sucking discs 11.2.4, four horizontal rotation cylinder 11.2.1 evenly set up around second carousel platform 11.1 upper portion, upper and lower parallel bars cylinder 11.2.3 links to each other with horizontal rotation cylinder 11.2.1's output shaft through connecting rod 11.2.2, sucking disc 11.2.4 sets up the piston rod lower extreme at upper and lower parallel bars cylinder 11.2.3, sucking disc 11.2.4 on the 5# station 11.3 is located directly over the manipulator sucking disc 9.2.4 of 4# station 9.6.
The bottom wiping positioning cylinder 14, the rodless cylinder 9.2.1, the horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder 9.2.2, the downward 90-degree overturning cylinder 9.2.3, the horizontal rotating cylinder 11.2.1, the upper and lower parallel-bar cylinder 11.2.3, the driving cylinders of the first carrying manipulator 3, the second carrying manipulator 8, the third carrying manipulator 15 and the fourth carrying manipulator 17 can be replaced by any one of a gear machine, an electric cylinder and a linear motor module.
The middle division board 10.2 that sets up of invariable liquid level glaze dipping jar 10, division board 10.2 highly is less than the outer wall height that invariable liquid level glaze dipping jar 10, invariable liquid level glaze dipping jar 10 divide into and stores up glaze district 10.1 and invariable liquid level district 10.3, it links to each other with first glaze pump 10.5's input through first connecting pipe 10.4 to store up glaze district 10.1's lower part, the lower part of invariable liquid level district 10.3 links to each other with first glaze pump 10.5's output through first connecting pipe 10.4.
The lower part of a glaze storage area 12.1 of the glaze spraying cylinder 12 is connected with the input end of a second glaze pump 12.4 through a second connecting pipe 12.3, the output end of the second glaze pump 12.4 is connected with a glaze spraying head 12.2 through a second connecting pipe 12.3, and the glaze spraying head 12.2 is positioned in the middle of the upper part of the glaze spraying cylinder 12.
The hands of the first carrying manipulator 3, the second carrying manipulator 8, the third carrying manipulator 15 and the fourth carrying manipulator 17 are all provided with suckers; the edge drawing device 6 can also adopt any one of a contour template and a three-axis linear motor module.
The hand suction cups of the first, second, third and fourth transfer robots 3, 8, 15, 17 and the robot suction cups 9.2.4 and the suction cup 11.2.4 may be replaced by any other gripping device.
The first four-station turntable 9 and the second four-station turntable 11 can be replaced by any one of a cam divider, an electric indexer and a special-shaped track sliding table.
Example 2: two-color glazing mode
The two-color glazing mode of the invention only needs to exchange the positions of the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder 10 and the glaze spraying cylinder 12 in the single-color glazing mode, the mode of the control system is switched into the two-color glazing mode, and other parts are the same as the single-color glazing mode.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
1. single color glazing mode
When the daily ceramic adobe product needs to be subjected to edge painting and single-color glazing processing, firstly, the control system is opened, a single-color glaze control mode is selected, all parts start to operate and are debugged, infrared sensors are arranged on two sides of the preset temporary positions of the feeding conveyer belt 2, the edge painting conveyer belt 4 and the discharging conveyer belt 16, when the ceramic adobe product 19 moves to the preset temporary position, the infrared sensors detect the ceramic adobe product 19, and the conveyer belt stops moving.
The worker places the wood board 18 full of the ceramic mud blank products 19 on the feeding conveyer belt 2, the wood board 18 moves forwards along the feeding conveyer belt 2, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves to the lower part of the first conveying mechanical hand 3, the feeding conveyer belt 2 stops moving, the hand sucker of the first conveying mechanical hand 3 sucks up the first ceramic mud blank product 19 and conveys the first ceramic mud blank product to the conveying station a of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves forwards along with the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 reaches the positioning station b, the drawing edge conveyer belt 4 stops moving, the positioning cylinders 5 on two sides of the positioning station b simultaneously extend inwards, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 is positioned in the middle of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, then the positioning cylinders 5 retract, the drawing edge conveyer belt 4 continues to move forwards and stops moving when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 reaches the middle of the drawing edge station c, the upper three-axis linear motor module edge drawing device 6 drives the painting brush to draw an edge of the opening of the ceramic mud blank product upwards, after the edge drawing is finished, the edge drawing conveyer belt 4 continues to move forwards, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 reaches the removal station d, when the first ceramic mud blank product reaches the position below the second carrying manipulator 8, the movement is stopped, the second carrying manipulator 8 carries the first ceramic mud blank product 19 to the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 of the 1# station 9.3 of the first four-station turntable 9, the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 sucks the bottom of the first ceramic mud blank product 19, the first four-station turntable 9 rotates clockwise, in the process that the 1# station 9.3 rotates to the 2# station 9.4, the air cylinder 9.2.3 turns downwards by 90 degrees and rotates downwards at the same time, when the position reaches the 2# station 9.4, the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 is in a vertical state, then the rodless air cylinder 9.2.1 drives the manipulator 9.2.4 to vertically move downwards, and the sucker 9.2.4 drives the first ceramic mud blank product to be immersed into the constant glaze liquid level immersion cylinder 10 In the level area 10.3, because the height of the partition plate 10.2 is lower than that of the outer wall of the constant liquid level glaze soaking cylinder 10, when a first ceramic mud blank product 19 is soaked into the constant liquid level area 10.3, glaze liquid overflowing from the area flows into the glaze storage area 10.1, the glaze liquid in the glaze storage area 10.1 enters the input end of the first glaze pump 10.5 through the first connecting pipe 10.4, and then enters the constant liquid level area 10.3 from the output end of the first glaze pump 10.5 through the first connecting pipe 10.4, so that the liquid level of the constant liquid level area 10.3 is kept unchanged, and circulation is formed;
after the first ceramic adobe product 19 finishes the glazing operation except the bottom, then the rodless cylinder 9.2.1 drives the mechanical arm sucker 9.2.4 to move vertically and upwards for resetting, the first four-station turntable 9 continues to rotate clockwise, when reaching the 3# station 9.5, the downward 90-degree turnover cylinder 9.2.3 returns to the horizontal position, at the moment, the first four-station turntable 9 pauses, the first ceramic adobe product 19 is dried in the 3# station 9.5, then the first four-station turntable 9 continues to rotate clockwise, the first ceramic adobe product 19 reaches the 4# station 9.6, the first four-station turntable 9 pauses, the second four-station turntable 11 is positioned at the upper and lower double-bar cylinder 11.2.3 of the 5# 11.3 to move downwards to drive the sucker 11.2.4 to suck the first ceramic adobe product 19 on the sucker 11.2.4, then the second four-station turntable 11 rotates anticlockwise, when the first ceramic adobe product 19 reaches the 6# 11.4, the glaze spraying head 12.2 in the middle of the top of the glaze spraying cylinder 12 is just positioned under the first ceramic adobe product 19, the upper and lower parallel-bar cylinders 11.2.3 move downwards to drive the suction cups 11.2.4 to move downwards, so that the bottom of the ceramic adobe product 19 reaches the position of the glaze spraying head 12.2, at the moment, glaze sprayed by the glaze spraying head 12.2 is uniformly sprayed on the bottom of the ceramic adobe product 19, glaze liquid in the glaze storage area 12.1 enters the input end of the second glaze pump 12.4 through the second connecting pipe 12.3, is discharged from the glaze spraying head 12.2 through the output end through the second connecting pipe 12.3, is sprayed on the bottom of the first ceramic adobe product 19, then the horizontal rotating cylinder 11.2.1 rotates for 20-90 degrees, glaze liquid at the bottom of the ceramic adobe product 19 is leveled, the formation of bottom water drops is prevented, the operation of applying glaze on the bottom of the first ceramic adobe product 19 is completed, then the second four-station turntable 11 continues to rotate anticlockwise, the first ceramic adobe product 19 rotates to 7# 11.5 for airing, meanwhile, the horizontal rotary cylinder 11.2.1 is reset, then the horizontal rotary cylinder is rotated to the No. 8 station 11.6, the upper and lower parallel-bar cylinders 11.2.3 on the No. 8 station 11.6 drive the suction cups 11.2.4 downwards, the bottom of the first ceramic mud blank product 19 is placed on the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt 13 downwards, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves rightwards along with the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt 13, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves to the right end of the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt 13, the movement is stopped by the positioning stop rod 14.1, the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt 13 continues to move, so that friction is generated between the bottom of the first ceramic mud blank product 19 and the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt 13, the bottom-wiping function is realized, after the bottom wiping is finished, the hand of the third carrying manipulator 15 moves to the upper part of the first ceramic mud blank product 19 to suck the first ceramic blank product, then the bottom-wiping positioning cylinder 14 extends rightwards to push the positioning stop rod 14.1 to move forwards, so that the, the third carrying manipulator 15 lifts the first ceramic adobe product 19 and carries the first ceramic adobe product to the discharging conveyer belt 16, and the glaze on the side wall of the ceramic adobe product 19 can be effectively prevented from being scratched in the lifting process because the first ceramic adobe product 19 is separated from the positioning stop lever 14.1 in the lifting process;
when the last ceramic mud blank product 19 placed on the wood board 18 enters the edge painting and glazing process, the wood board 18 moves forward along with the feeding conveyer belt 2, when the wood board moves to the position below the fourth carrying manipulator 17, the fourth carrying manipulator 17 carries the wood board 18 to the discharging conveyer belt 16 and moves along with the discharging conveyer belt 16, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 finishes all processes to enter the discharging conveyer belt 16, the first wood board 18 just moves to the position below the third carrying manipulator 15, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 is placed on the wood board 18, the subsequent ceramic mud blank products 19 repeat the steps, the ceramic mud blank product 19 is placed on the wood board 18 after the completion, a worker takes the ceramic mud blank product 19 away, the edge painting and glazing process of the ceramic mud blank product 19 can be fully automated in the whole process, only one worker needs to place the wood board 18 on the feeding conveyer belt 2, and the wood board 18 is taken away from the discharging conveyer belt 16, thereby greatly realizing the reduction and the increase of labor and improving the quality of products.
2. Two-color glazing mode
When the daily ceramic clay blank product needs edge painting and double-color glazing, firstly, the control system is opened, a double-color glaze control mode is selected, all parts start to operate and are debugged, infrared sensors are arranged on two sides of a preset temporary position of the feeding conveyer belt 2, the edge painting conveyer belt 4 and the discharging conveyer belt 16, when the ceramic clay blank product 19 moves to the preset temporary position, the infrared sensors detect the ceramic clay blank product 19, and the conveyer belt stops moving.
The worker places the wood board 18 full of the ceramic mud blank products 19 on the feeding conveyer belt 2, the wood board 18 moves forwards along the feeding conveyer belt 2, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves to the lower part of the first conveying mechanical hand 3, the feeding conveyer belt 2 stops moving, the hand sucker of the first conveying mechanical hand 3 sucks up the first ceramic mud blank product 19 and conveys the first ceramic mud blank product to the conveying station a of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves forwards along with the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 reaches the positioning station b, the drawing edge conveyer belt 4 stops moving, the positioning cylinders 5 on two sides of the positioning station b simultaneously extend inwards, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 is positioned in the middle of the drawing edge conveyer belt 4, then the positioning cylinders 5 retract, the drawing edge conveyer belt 4 continues to move forwards and stops moving when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 reaches the middle of the drawing edge station c, the upper three-axis linear motor module edge drawing device 6 drives the painting brush to draw an edge on the opening edge of the ceramic mud blank product, after the edge drawing is finished, the edge drawing conveyer belt 4 continues to move forwards, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 reaches the removal station d, when the first ceramic mud blank product reaches the position below the second carrying manipulator 8, the movement is stopped, the second carrying manipulator 8 carries the first ceramic mud blank product 19 to the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 of the No. 1 station 9.3 of the first four-station turntable 9, the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 sucks the bottom of the first ceramic mud blank product 19, the first four-station turntable 9 rotates clockwise, in the process that the No. 1 station 9.3 rotates to the No. 2 station 9.4, the horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder 9.2.2 rotates horizontally at the same time, when the No. 2 station 9.4 is reached, the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 just rotates 180 degrees, the opening of the first ceramic mud blank product 19 faces downwards, and then the rodless cylinder 9.2.1 drives the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 to move vertically downwards, the opening of a first ceramic adobe product 19 faces downwards and is positioned right above a glaze spraying head 12.2 in the middle of the top of a glaze spraying glaze cylinder 12, a rodless cylinder 9.2.1 drives a manipulator sucker 9.2.4 downwards to enable the interior of the ceramic adobe product 19 to reach a glaze spraying head 12.2 opening, glaze sprayed by the glaze spraying head 12.2 is uniformly sprayed inside the ceramic adobe product 19, glaze liquid in a glaze storage area 12.1 enters a second glaze pump 12.4 through a second connecting pipe 12.3 and is discharged from the glaze spraying head 12.2 through an output end through the second connecting pipe 12.3, the glaze liquid is sprayed inside the first ceramic adobe product 19 to finish the glazing operation inside the first ceramic adobe product 19, the sprayed glaze liquid falls back into the glaze storage area 12.1 again to realize circulation of the glaze liquid in the glaze storage area 12.1, and after the glazing operation inside the first ceramic adobe product 19 is finished, the manipulator sucker 9.2.4 lifts the first ceramic adobe product 19, the first four-station turntable 9 continues to rotate clockwise, the horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder 9.2.2 is rotated and reset simultaneously, when the 3# station 9.5 is reached, the horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder 9.2 is reset, the first ceramic blank product 19 is empty and dried, then the first four-station turntable 9 continues to rotate clockwise, the first ceramic blank product 19 reaches the 4# station 9.6, the first four-station turntable 9 is paused, the second four-station turntable 11 is located at the upper and lower double-bar cylinders 11.2.3 of the 5# station 11.3 to move downwards to drive the suction cup 11.2.4 to adsorb the first ceramic blank product 19 on the 11.2.4, then the second four-station turntable 11 rotates anticlockwise, when the first ceramic blank product 19 reaches the 6# station 11.4, the upper and lower double-bar cylinders 11.2.3 of the 6# station 11.4 move downwards to drive the suction cup 11.2.4 to move downwards, drive the first ceramic blank product 19 to move downwards, and immerse the first ceramic blank product into a constant liquid level area 10.3 of the liquid level immersion cylinder 10 at the edge of the liquid level immersion tank 10, since the height of the partition plate 10.2 is lower than the height of the outer wall of the constant liquid level glaze-dipping cylinder 10, when the first ceramic blank product 19 is dipped into the constant liquid level area 10.3, glaze overflowed from the area flows into the glaze storage area 10.1, the glaze in the glaze storage area 10.1 enters the input end of the first glaze pump 10.5 through the first connecting pipe 10.4, and then enters the constant liquid level area 10.3 from the output end of the first glaze pump 10.5 through the first connecting pipe 10.4, so as to ensure that the liquid level of the constant liquid level area 10.3 is kept constant and form a circulation;
after the external glazing is finished, the second four-station rotary table 11 continues to rotate anticlockwise to rotate the first ceramic mud blank product 19 to the 7# station 11.5, the horizontal rotary cylinder 11.2.1 rotates horizontally by an inclination angle of 20-90 degrees to incline the first ceramic mud blank product 19 to prevent the formation of bottom water drops, the second four-station rotary table 11 continues to rotate anticlockwise to the 8# station 11.6, the upper and lower double-bar cylinders 11.2.3 on the 8# station 11.6 drive the suction cups 11.2.4 downwards to place the bottom of the first ceramic mud blank product 19 on the sponge bottom conveyor belt 13 downwards, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves rightwards along with the sponge bottom conveyor belt 13, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 moves to the right end of the sponge bottom conveyor belt 13, the movement is stopped by being blocked by the blocking rod 14.1, and the sponge bottom conveyor belt 13 continues to move, so that friction is generated between the bottom of the first ceramic mud blank product 19 and the sponge bottom conveyor belt 13, the bottom wiping function is realized, after the bottom wiping is finished, the hand of the third carrying manipulator 15 moves to the position above the first ceramic mud blank product 19 to suck the first ceramic mud blank product 19, then the bottom wiping positioning cylinder 14 extends forwards to push the positioning stop lever 14.1 to move forwards so as to separate the first ceramic mud blank product 19 from the third ceramic mud blank product, the third carrying manipulator 15 lifts the first ceramic mud blank product 19 and carries the first ceramic mud blank product to the discharging conveyer belt 16, and the first ceramic mud blank product 19 is separated from the positioning stop lever 14.1 in the lifting process, so that the glaze scratch of the side wall of the ceramic mud blank product 19 in the lifting process can be prevented;
when ceramic mud blank products 19 on the wood boards 18 placed on the feeding conveyor belt 2 all enter the edge painting and glazing process, the wood boards 18 move forwards along with the feeding conveyor belt 2, when the ceramic mud blank products move to the position below the fourth carrying manipulator 17, the fourth carrying manipulator 17 carries the wood boards 18 to the discharging conveyor belt 16 and moves along with the discharging conveyor belt 16, when the first ceramic mud blank product 19 finishes all the processes and enters the discharging conveyor belt 16, the first wood board 18 just moves to the position below the 15-third carrying manipulator, the first ceramic mud blank product 19 is placed on the wood boards 18, the subsequent ceramic mud blank products 19 are repeated, the ceramic mud blank products 19 are placed on the wood boards 18 after the completion, a worker takes the ceramic mud blank products away the ceramic mud products, the edge painting and glazing process of the ceramic mud blank products 19 can be realized in the whole process, only one worker needs to place the wood boards 18 on the feeding conveyor belt 2, and the wood board 18 is taken away from the discharging conveyer belt 16, thereby greatly realizing the reduction and the increase of labor and improving the quality of products.
The two-color glazing mode can also carry out single-color glazing on the daily ceramic plain products, and only the glaze liquid with the same color is needed to be changed in the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder 10 and the glaze spraying cylinder 12.
In the single-color glazing mode and the double-color glazing mode, when the daily ceramic mud blank product does not need to be subjected to edge painting operation, the edge painting device 6 is only required to be closed in the control mode, and the edge painting conveyer belt 4 only plays a role in conveying.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a daily ceramic drawing limit is glazed porcelain and is synthesized all-in-one which characterized in that: the automatic edge painting device comprises a base (1), a feeding conveyor belt (2), a first carrying mechanical arm (3), an edge painting conveyor belt (4), two positioning cylinders (5), an edge painting device (6), a pigment basin (7), a second carrying mechanical arm (8), a first multi-station turntable (9), a constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder (10), a second multi-station turntable (11), a glaze spraying cylinder (12), a sponge bottom wiping conveyor belt (13), a bottom wiping positioning cylinder (14), a third carrying mechanical arm (15), a discharging conveyor belt (16) and a fourth carrying mechanical arm (17);
the feeding conveyer belt (2) and the discharging conveyer belt (16) are arranged on the upper portion of the base (1) and are respectively and longitudinally positioned on the left side and the right side of the base (1), the drawing edge conveyer belt (4) is arranged on the inner side of the feeding conveyer belt (2) in parallel, the drawing edge conveyer belt (4) is sequentially divided into four areas of a moving-in station (a), a positioning station (b), a drawing edge station (c) and a moving-away station (d) from front to back, the first carrying manipulator (3) is arranged above the middle portion of the area of the moving-in station (a) of the drawing edge conveyer belt (4), the arm length of the first carrying manipulator stretches across the feeding conveyer belt (2) and the drawing edge conveyer belt (4), two positioning cylinders (5) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the middle area of the positioning station (b) of the drawing edge conveyer belt (4), and the two positioning cylinders (5) are positioned above the positioning station (b) of the drawing edge, a painting edge device (6) is arranged above the middle part of the area of a painting edge station (c) of the painting edge conveyor belt (4), the pigment basin (7) is arranged on the left side of the painting edge station (c), a second carrying manipulator (8) is arranged above the middle part of the area of a carrying-away station (d) of the painting edge conveyor belt (4), the first multi-station turntable (9) is arranged at the rear part between the painting edge conveyor belt (4) and a discharge conveyor belt (16), the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder (10) or the glaze spraying cylinder (12) is arranged beside the first multi-station turntable (9), the second multi-station turntable (11) is arranged between the painting edge conveyor belt (4) and the discharge conveyor belt (16), the second multi-station turntable (11) is positioned in front of the first multi-station turntable (9), the glaze spraying cylinder (12) or the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder (10) is arranged on the left side of the second multi-station turntable (11), the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt (13) is arranged on the right side of the second multi-station turntable (11) and is vertical to the discharging conveyer belt (16), a bottom wiping positioning cylinder (14) is arranged on one side of the sponge bottom wiping conveying belt (13), the front end of the bottom wiping positioning cylinder (14) is connected with an L-shaped positioning stop lever (14.1), the beam above the positioning stop lever (14.1) is positioned above one end of the sponge bottom wiping conveying belt (13) close to the discharging conveying belt (16), and the front end of the positioning stop lever (14.1) is pasted with a soft silica gel pad, the third carrying manipulator (15) is arranged above the discharging conveyer belt (16) and the arm length thereof stretches across the discharging conveyer belt (16) and the sponge bottom-wiping conveyer belt (13), the fourth carrying manipulator (17) is arranged above the rear parts of the feeding conveyer belt (2) and the discharging conveyer belt (16), and the arm length of the fourth carrying manipulator (17) stretches across the feeding conveyer belt (2) and the discharging conveyer belt (16).
2. The integrated daily ceramic painting edge glazing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: first multistation carousel (9) include the first manipulator of glazing porcelain (9.2) of first carousel platform (9.1) and a plurality of, the first manipulator of glazing porcelain (9.2) of a plurality of evenly sets up around first carousel platform (9.1) upper portion, and forms a plurality of station jointly in proper order along clockwise from the left side: the second conveying mechanical arm (8) is long and extends to a position right above the 1# station (9.3), and the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder (10) or the glaze spraying cylinder (12) is located right below the 2# station (9.4); the first glazing manipulator (9.2) comprises a rodless cylinder (9.2.1), a horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder (9.2.2), a downward 90-degree turnover cylinder (9.2.3) and a manipulator sucker (9.2.4), wherein the rodless cylinder (9.2.1) is arranged on the periphery of the upper portion of the first turntable platform (9.1), the horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder (9.2.2) is arranged on a sliding block of the rodless cylinder (9.2.1), the downward 90-degree turnover cylinder (9.2.3) is arranged on an output shaft of the horizontal 180-degree rotary cylinder (9.2.2), and the manipulator sucker (9.2.4) is arranged on a turnover plate of the downward 90-degree turnover cylinder (9.2.3).
3. The integrated daily ceramic painting edge glazing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: second multistation carousel (11) include second carousel platform (11.1) and a plurality of second manipulator (11.2) of glazing porcelain, a plurality of second manipulator (11.2) of glazing porcelain evenly sets up around second carousel platform (11.1), and forms a plurality of station jointly in proper order along anticlockwise direction of rotation from the rear side: the constant liquid level glaze dipping cylinder (10) or the glaze spraying cylinder (12) is positioned right below the No. 6 station (11.4); a plurality of second manipulator (11.2) of glazing porcelain includes a plurality of horizontal rotation cylinder (11.2.1), a plurality of connecting rod (11.2.2), parallel bar cylinder (11.2.3) and a plurality of sucking disc (11.2.4) about a plurality of, a plurality of horizontal rotation cylinder (11.2.1) evenly sets up around second carousel platform (11.1) upper portion, parallel bar cylinder (11.2.3) link to each other through the output shaft of connecting rod (11.2.2) with horizontal rotation cylinder (11.2.1), sucking disc (11.2.4) sets up the piston rod lower extreme at upper and lower parallel bar cylinder (11.2.3), sucking disc (11.2.4) on 5# station (11.3) is located directly over manipulator sucking disc (9.2.4) of 4# station (9.6).
4. The daily ceramic painting edge glazing integrated machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the bottom wiping positioning cylinder (14), the rodless cylinder (9.2.1), the horizontal 180-degree rotating cylinder (9.2.2) and the downward 90-degree overturning cylinder (9.2.3) can be replaced by any one of a gear machine, an electric cylinder and a linear motor module.
5. The daily ceramic painting edge glazing integrated machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: the driving cylinders of the horizontal rotating cylinder (11.2.1), the upper and lower parallel bar cylinders (11.2.3), the first carrying manipulator (3), the second carrying manipulator (8), the third carrying manipulator (15) and the fourth carrying manipulator (17) can be replaced by any one of a gear machine, an electric cylinder and a linear motor module.
6. The integrated daily ceramic painting edge glazing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the middle division board (10.2) that sets up of invariable liquid level glaze dipping jar (10), the outer wall height that highly is less than invariable liquid level glaze dipping jar (10) of division board (10.2), invariable liquid level glaze dipping jar (10) divide into and store up glaze district (10.1) and invariable liquid level district (10.3), the lower part of storing up glaze district (10.1) links to each other through the input of first connecting pipe (10.4) with first glaze pump (10.5), the lower part of invariable liquid level district (10.3) links to each other through the output of first connecting pipe (10.4) with first glaze pump (10.5).
7. The integrated daily ceramic painting edge glazing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the glaze storage area (12.1) lower part of the glaze spraying glaze cylinder (12) is connected with the input end of a second glaze pump (12.4) through a second connecting pipe (12.3), the output end of the second glaze pump (12.4) is connected with a glaze spraying head (12.2) through the second connecting pipe (12.3), and the glaze spraying head (12.2) is positioned in the middle of the upper part of the glaze spraying glaze cylinder (12).
8. The integrated daily ceramic painting edge glazing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hand parts of the first carrying manipulator (3), the second carrying manipulator (8), the third carrying manipulator (15) and the fourth carrying manipulator (17) are all provided with suckers; the edge drawing device (6) can adopt any one of a contour template and a three-axis linear motor module.
9. The daily ceramic painting edge glazing integrated machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: the hand suckers of the first conveying manipulator (3), the second conveying manipulator (8), the third conveying manipulator (15) and the fourth conveying manipulator (17), the manipulator sucker (9.2.4) and the sucker (11.2.4) can be replaced by any other clamping device.
10. The integrated daily ceramic painting edge glazing machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first multi-station turntable (9) and the second multi-station turntable (11) can be replaced by any one of a cam divider, an electric indexer and a special-shaped rail sliding table, and the number of stations is more than or equal to 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011366996.XA CN112339083A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Daily ceramic picture edge glazing integrated machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011366996.XA CN112339083A (en) | 2020-11-27 | 2020-11-27 | Daily ceramic picture edge glazing integrated machine |
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| CN112339083A true CN112339083A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114434614A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-06 | 武汉科技大学 | Automatic robot device for glazing surface of flowerpot |
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2020
- 2020-11-27 CN CN202011366996.XA patent/CN112339083A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114434614A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-06 | 武汉科技大学 | Automatic robot device for glazing surface of flowerpot |
| CN114434614B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-03-26 | 武汉科技大学 | Automatic robot device for glazing flowerpot surface |
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