CN112332102A - Metamaterial unit, super surface, electromagnetic device, encoding method and terminal device - Google Patents
Metamaterial unit, super surface, electromagnetic device, encoding method and terminal device Download PDFInfo
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- H01Q15/004—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective using superconducting materials or magnetised substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/0046—Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metamaterial unit, a super surface, electromagnetic equipment, a coding method and terminal equipment, and relates to the technical field of super surfaces, so that the structure of a reconfigurable metamaterial unit is simplified. The metamaterial unit includes a reflective portion, a first dielectric portion, and a second dielectric portion. The first medium part is provided with a first liquid storage tank and a second liquid storage tank which are used for containing first working fluid; the second medium part is provided with an electrolyte tank for containing a second working fluid, and the electrolyte tank is communicated with the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank. When the metamaterial unit is in a non-filling state, the first working fluid comprises liquid metal and electrolyte, and the second working fluid is electrolyte; when a voltage difference exists between the electrolyte applied in the first liquid storage tank and the electrolyte applied in the second liquid storage tank, the metamaterial unit is in a filling state, and the second working fluid at least comprises liquid metal. The invention is used for manufacturing the super surface and coding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of super surfaces, in particular to a metamaterial unit, a super surface, electromagnetic equipment, an encoding method and terminal equipment.
Background
The super surface is an ultra-thin two-dimensional super material layer. In the manufacturing process, the basic units of the sub-wavelength metamaterial are arranged periodically or non-periodically to form the super surface.
Compared with a three-dimensional electromagnetic metamaterial, the metamaterial has the advantages that the requirement of a complex manufacturing process is greatly reduced by the super surface, and the metamaterial has the advantages of low loss, light weight, high integration level and the like. Up to now, super-surfaces have shown great application prospects and various electromagnetic devices with specific functions, such as planar lenses, beam deflectors, polarizers, low-scattering reflecting surfaces, holographic plates, etc., have emerged. To meet the increasing demand for multifunctional communication systems, the realistic possibilities of encodable super-surfaces have been demonstrated in the optical, terahertz and microwave fields. However, the reconfigurable metamaterial unit forming the encodable super surface usually needs a variable capacitance diode, a PIN diode switch, an MEMS switch, a substrate and the like, and has a complex structure and higher manufacturing difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metamaterial unit, a super surface, an electromagnetic device, an encoding method and a terminal device, so that the structure of the reconfigurable metamaterial unit is simplified and the manufacturing difficulty is reduced.
In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a metamaterial unit. The metamaterial unit comprises a reflection part, a first medium part positioned below the reflection part and a second medium part positioned above the reflection part. The surface of the first medium part facing the reflection part is provided with a first liquid storage tank containing first working fluid and a second liquid storage tank containing the first working fluid; the surface of the second medium part far away from the reflection part is provided with an electrolyte tank for containing second working fluid, and the electrolyte tank is communicated with the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank. The states of the metamaterial unit comprise a non-filling state and a filling state; when the metamaterial unit is in a non-filling state, the first working fluid comprises liquid metal and electrolyte, and the second working fluid is electrolyte; when a voltage difference exists between the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the first liquid storage tank and the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the second liquid storage tank, the metamaterial unit is in a filling state, and the second working fluid at least comprises liquid metal.
Compared with the prior art, the metamaterial unit provided by the invention comprises the first medium part, the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank, wherein the first liquid storage tank is used for containing the first working fluid, the second liquid storage tank is used for containing the first working fluid, and the second medium part is provided with the electrolyte tank which is used for containing the second working fluid. When the metamaterial unit is in a non-filling state, the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank contain liquid metal and electrolyte, and the electrolyte tank contains electrolyte. When a voltage difference exists between the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the first liquid storage tank and the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the second liquid storage tank, the liquid metal flows in the electrolyte and flows from the liquid storage tank with higher voltage to the liquid storage tank with lower voltage, so that the liquid metal fills the electrolyte tank. At this point, the metamaterial unit is transitioned from the unfilled state to the filled state. When the voltage application is stopped, the liquid metal in the electrolyte tank flows back to the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank under the action of gravity, and the metamaterial unit is changed from a filling state to a non-filling state. Therefore, the metamaterial unit can be controlled to be switched between the filling state and the non-filling state by controlling the voltage of the electrolyte applied to the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank, the reconstruction of the metamaterial unit is realized, and the control method is simple. In addition, the metamaterial unit comprises the reflecting part, the first medium part and the second medium part, and the first medium part and the second medium part only need to be etched to form a groove body structure, so that the metamaterial unit is simple in structure and low in manufacturing process difficulty. Therefore, the metamaterial unit has the reconstruction characteristic, and is simple in structure and low in manufacturing difficulty.
In addition, compared with the prior art that devices such as a variable capacitance diode, a PIN diode switch and an MEMS switch need to be integrated to realize the reconstruction characteristic of the metamaterial unit, the metamaterial unit provided by the invention can realize the reconstruction of the metamaterial unit by applying different voltages to the first working fluid in the first liquid storage tank and the first working fluid in the second liquid storage tank through the first liquid storage tank containing the first working fluid, the second liquid storage tank containing the second working fluid and the electrolyte tank containing the second working fluid, and the metamaterial unit has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing process difficulty.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a super surface. The meta-surface comprises a plurality of meta-material elements as described in the first aspect.
The benefits of the meta-surface provided by the second aspect may be referred to the benefits of the meta-material element described in the first aspect. In addition, the metamaterial unit has two states and can be converted between the two states, so that codes of '0' and '1' can be formed by the metamaterial units in the two states, so that the super surfaces with different coding modes can be formed, and the conversion between the different coding modes of the super surfaces can be performed by the reconfigurability of the metamaterial units.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electromagnetic apparatus. The electromagnetic device applies the super-surface described in the second aspect, wherein the electromagnetic device is a radar stealth device, a microwave imaging device, or an antenna.
The beneficial effects of the electromagnetic device provided by the third aspect can be referred to the beneficial effects of the super-surface described in the second aspect, and are not described in detail herein.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method of encoding. The coding method applies the super-surface described in the second aspect, and the coding method includes:
electromagnetic modulation information is received. The electromagnetic modulation information includes target encoding parameters.
And determining a reconstruction control strategy from the preset corresponding relation according to the electromagnetic modulation information. The reconstruction control strategy includes state information for a plurality of metamaterial units that conform to the electromagnetic modulation information. The preset corresponding relation comprises a corresponding relation between the state information of the plurality of metamaterial units and the coding mode of the super surface.
And controlling the state of each metamaterial unit according to a reconstruction control strategy, so that the encoding mode of the super surface meets the electromagnetic modulation information.
The advantageous effects of the coding method provided by the fourth aspect can refer to the advantageous effects of the super-surface described in the second aspect, and are not described herein again.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a terminal device. The terminal device includes a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor. The processor is used for executing the computer program or the instructions to realize the encoding method described in the fourth aspect.
The beneficial effects of the terminal device provided by the fifth aspect may refer to the beneficial effects of the encoding method described in the fourth aspect, and are not described herein again.
In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a computer storage medium. The computer storage medium has instructions stored therein. When executed, the instructions implement the encoding method described in the fourth aspect.
Advantageous effects of the computer storage medium provided by the sixth aspect can refer to the advantageous effects of the encoding method described in the fourth aspect, and are not described herein again.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating a flow of liquid metal when a metamaterial unit is transformed from a non-filled state to a filled state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of reflection phase with frequency for two states of a metamaterial unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
10-a reflection part, 11-a first medium part, 111-a first liquid storage tank, 112-a second liquid storage tank, 12-a second medium part, 121-an electrolyte tank, 13-a third medium part, 14-a first through hole, 15-a second through hole, 16-a first electrode and 17-a second electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, a and b combination, a and c combination, b and c combination, or a, b and c combination, wherein a, b and c can be single or multiple.
Additionally, the words "exemplary" or "such as" are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" or "e.g.," is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, use of the word "exemplary" or "such as" is intended to present concepts related in a concrete fashion.
The meta-surface is a two-dimensional meta-material layer. Fabrication of periodic or aperiodic alignment of subwavelength metamaterial units in ultra-thin dimensions can form a super-surface. Compared with a three-dimensional metamaterial, the metamaterial has the advantages that the requirement of a complex manufacturing process is greatly reduced by the super surface, and the metamaterial has the advantages of low loss, light weight, high integration level and the like. Up to now, super-surfaces have shown great promise and various electromagnetic devices with specific functions are emerging. Such as planar lenses, beam deflectors, polarizers, low scattering reflective surfaces, holographic plates, etc. However, existing super-surfaces are mostly composed of fixed structures and generally exhibit a single functional characteristic. In order to meet the increasing demand for multifunctional communication systems, in recent years, the realistic possibilities of reconfigurable super-surfaces in the optical, terahertz and microwave fields have been demonstrated, while some specific applications, such as beam steering, tunable absorption, chiral polarization switches, etc., have emerged. In practical application, discrete elements such as a varactor, a PIN diode switch and an MEMS switch are integrated on a substrate of the super surface, so that the reconfigurability of the super surface in a microwave domain can be realized, and adjustable electromagnetic response can be realized. At present, most reconfigurable super-surfaces dynamically manipulate polarization, phase or beam forming through PIN diodes, and have complex structures and high manufacturing difficulty.
In view of the above technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide an electromagnetic device. The electromagnetic device employs a super-surface. At this time, the electromagnetic device has a specific regulation characteristic of the super surface to the electromagnetic wave. Specifically, the electromagnetic device may be a radar stealth device, a microwave imaging device, an antenna, or the like, and is not limited thereto.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a super surface. The super surface can be applied to regulation and control of electromagnetic waves from millimeter waves to terahertz frequency bands. The meta-surface includes a plurality of meta-material elements. A plurality of metamaterial units are periodically arranged, and a super surface can be formed.
As shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial unit includes a reflective portion 10, a first dielectric portion 11 located below the reflective portion 10, and a second dielectric portion 12 located above the reflective portion 10. The surface of the first medium portion 11 facing the reflection portion 10 is opened with a first reservoir 111 containing the first working fluid and a second reservoir 112 containing the first working fluid. The surface of the second medium part 12 remote from the reflection part 10 is opened with an electrolyte tank 121 for containing the second working fluid. The electrolyte tank 121 communicates with the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112. The states of the metamaterial unit include a non-filled state and a filled state. When the metamaterial unit is in a non-filling state, the first working fluid comprises liquid metal and electrolyte, and the second working fluid is electrolyte. When there is a voltage difference between the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the first reservoir 111 and the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the second reservoir 112, the metamaterial unit is in a filling state, and the second working fluid at least comprises liquid metal.
As shown in fig. 2, in a specific implementation process, when the metamaterial unit is in an initial state of a non-filling state, the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 contain liquid metal and electrolyte, and the electrolyte tank 121 contains electrolyte. When there is a voltage difference between the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the first reservoir 111 and the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the second reservoir 112, the liquid metal flows in the electrolyte and flows from the electrolyte with a higher voltage to the electrolyte with a lower voltage. Because the first liquid storage tank 111, the electrolyte tank 121 and the second liquid storage tank 112 are communicated, after the first liquid storage tank 111 or the second liquid storage tank 112 with lower applied voltage is filled with liquid metal, the liquid metal flows into the electrolyte tank 121 and at least covers the tank bottom of the electrolyte tank 121. At this point, the metamaterial unit is transitioned from the unfilled state to the filled state. When the voltage application is stopped, the liquid metal in the electrolyte tank 121 flows back into the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 under the action of gravity, and the metamaterial unit is changed from a filling state to a non-filling state. Therefore, the voltage applied to the electrolytes in the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 is controlled, the metamaterial unit can be controlled to be switched between the filling state and the non-filling state, reconstruction of the metamaterial unit is achieved, and the control method is simple. In addition, the metamaterial unit provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the reflecting part 10, the first medium part 11 and the second medium part 12, and the first medium part 11 and the second medium part 12 only need to be etched to form a groove body structure, so that the metamaterial unit is simple in structure and low in manufacturing process difficulty. Therefore, the metamaterial unit provided by the embodiment of the invention has the reconstruction characteristic, and is simple in structure and low in manufacturing difficulty.
In addition, compared with the prior art that devices such as a varactor diode, a PIN diode switch and an MEMS switch need to be integrated to realize the reconstruction characteristic of the metamaterial unit, the metamaterial unit provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the reconstruction of the metamaterial unit by applying different voltages to the first working fluid in the first liquid storage tank 111 and the first working fluid in the second liquid storage tank 112 through the first liquid storage tank 111 and the second liquid storage tank 112 containing the first working fluid and the electrolyte tank containing the second working fluid, and the metamaterial unit has the advantages of simple structure and low manufacturing process difficulty.
Illustratively, when the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the first reservoir 111 is higher than the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the second reservoir 112, the liquid metal in the first reservoir 111 flows in the electrolyte and flows toward the second reservoir 112 in the direction of the second reservoir 112, the electrolyte tank 121 and the first reservoir 111. In this process, the liquid metal flows into the electrolyte tank 121 and covers at least the bottom surface of the electrolyte tank 121. When the voltage of the electrolyte applied to the second reservoir 112 is higher than the voltage of the electrolyte applied to the first reservoir 111, the liquid metal flows from the electrolyte in the second reservoir 112 in the direction of the first reservoir 111, and fills the electrolyte tank 121.
The greater the voltage difference between the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the first reservoir 111 and the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the second reservoir 112, the lower the surface tension of the side of the liquid metal facing the lower voltage. And the liquid metal tries to wet the lower surface tension area, it flows more easily from the side where the voltage is higher to the side where the voltage is lower. In addition, the liquid metal is also easier to change from a spherical state to a planar state, so that the liquid metal extends to cover the whole bottom surface of the electrolyte tank 121 to form a patch type liquid metal thin layer required by design.
In practical applications, in order to enable the liquid metal to have a sufficient driving force to flow from the electrolyte in the first reservoir 111 or the second reservoir 112 to the electrolyte tank 121, a voltage difference between a voltage applied to the electrolyte in the first reservoir 111 and a voltage applied to the electrolyte in the second reservoir 112 may be limited to 0.5V to 5V. At this point, the metamaterial unit is in a filled state and liquid metal can be filled into the electrolyte tank 121. When the voltage difference is 0.5V to 5V, the first reservoir 111, the electrolyte tank 121 and the second reservoir 112 all contain electrolyte, and the three are connected, the liquid metal in the first reservoir 111 or the second reservoir 112 flows in the electrolyte under the driving of the sufficiently large voltage difference, flows into the side with lower voltage from the side with higher voltage, and finally fills the electrolyte tank 121. For example, the voltage difference between the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the first reservoir 111 and the voltage applied to the electrolyte in the second reservoir 112 may be 0.5V, 0.8V, 1.0V, 1.3V, 1.8V, 2V, 3V, 3.5V, 4V, 4.5V, 5V, or the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the reflection unit 10 functions to reflect the received electromagnetic wave and prevent the electromagnetic wave from transmitting therethrough. In practical applications, the reflection portion 10 may be a patch type metal floor. The metal floor is a metal sheet made of copper, tin, etc.
As shown in fig. 1, the first medium part 11 is located below the reflection part 10, and specifically, the first medium part 11 is located on the lower surface of the reflection part 10. The thickness of the first medium portion 11 may be determined according to the design dimensions of the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112, as long as the thickness of the first medium portion 11 is ensured to be sufficient to open the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 having the design dimensions. The material of the first dielectric portion 11 may be an organic material, a ceramic material, or silicon, but is not limited thereto.
The first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 may have a square, rectangular, or triangular outline, but is not limited thereto. The first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 may have the same or different contour shapes. The first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 contain a first working fluid, which is a liquid metal and an electrolyte when the metamaterial unit is in an unfilled state. When the metamaterial unit is in a filled state, the first fluid may be an electrolyte, or an electrolyte and a liquid metal. The electrolyte contained in the electrolyte can be NaOH, HCl or NaCl. The electrolyte is used as a carrier for the liquid metal to flow in the electrolyte under the driving of the voltage difference.
Liquid metal is a deformable material with unique properties. On the other hand, the liquid metal is liquid at normal temperature, has excellent metal properties and fluidity, and easily flows through the liquid reservoir 111 and the electrolytic solution tank 121121 which are connected to each other. On the other hand, liquid metals have a high liquid conductivity. When no voltage is applied to the liquid metal cluster, the charge in the electrolyte produces a uniform charge distribution on the surface of the metal cluster. In this case, the liquid metal cluster is not driven by external force and does not move. When different voltages are applied to the electrolytes in contact with the liquid metal, the charge distribution of the liquid metal mass changes due to the difference in conductivity between the electrolytes contained in the electrolytes, and a continuous electrowetting phenomenon occurs. At this time, the liquid metal may be caused to flow in the electrolyte by applying a voltage difference across the electrolyte.
The liquid metal involved in the embodiment of the invention comprises one or more of gallium-based liquid metal alloy, indium-based liquid metal alloy, tin-based liquid metal alloy and bismuth-based liquid metal alloy. The gallium-based liquid metal alloy is mainly prepared from gallium and metals such as indium, bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium and the like according to different proportions. The indium-based liquid metal alloy is prepared by using indium as a main component and bismuth, gallium, tin and other metals as auxiliary components. The tin-base liquid metal alloy is prepared with tin as main component and Al, Co, Ga, Zn, Sb, etc. as supplementary material. The bismuth-base liquid metal alloy is prepared by using bismuth as a main component and using metals such as lead, indium, tin, lithium and the like as auxiliary components.
The volume of the liquid metal (comprised by the first working fluid) stored in the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 when the metamaterial unit is in the non-filled state may be designed according to the volume of the electrolyte tank 121 and the volume of the liquid metal stored in the other reservoir, as long as the liquid metal is able to cover the bottom surface of the electrolyte tank 121. In practical applications, the volumes of the liquid metal contained in the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 may be the same or different when the metamaterial unit is in the unfilled state. In any case, the total volume of liquid metal should be such as to cover the electrolyte bath 121, covering one reservoir.
As shown in fig. 1, the second dielectric portion 12 is located above the reflection portion 10, and specifically, the second dielectric portion 12 is located on the upper surface of the reflection portion 10. The material of the second dielectric portion 12 may be an organic material, a ceramic material, or silicon, but is not limited thereto. The characteristics of the second dielectric portion 12, such as material and size, affect the control of the metamaterial unit on the electromagnetic waves. In practical applications, the second dielectric portion 12 may be a silicon wafer with a thickness of 500 μm to 600 μm.
The outline of the electrolyte tank 121 may be regular or irregular. Specifically, the regular shape may be a square, a rectangle, a circle, a triangle, a polygon, or the like. The irregular shape may be the electrolyte tank 121 having a curved side wall, and is not limited thereto. When the metamaterial unit is in the unfilled state, the second working fluid contained in the electrolyte tank 121 is an electrolyte. The second working fluid includes at least a liquid metal when the metamaterial unit is in a filled state. That is, the electrolyte tank 121 may contain the electrolyte and the liquid metal, or may contain only the liquid metal. The electrolyte here is the same as the electrolyte contained in the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 described above. The liquid metal here is the same as the liquid metal contained in the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112 described above.
As shown in fig. 1, the electrolyte tank 121 is in communication with the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112, and a channel may be provided between the electrolyte tank 121 and the first reservoir 111 and the second reservoir 112. In practical applications, a first through hole 14 for communicating the first reservoir 111 with the electrolyte tank 121 and a second through hole 15 for communicating the second reservoir 112 with the electrolyte tank 121 may be formed in both the second medium part 12 and the reflection part 10. The first and second through holes 14 and 15 contain an electrolyte in which liquid metal flows. It should be understood that the first through hole 14 and the second through hole 15 may be vertical through holes, curved through holes, or bent through holes. In practice, the liquid metal flows into the electrolyte tank 121 through the first through-hole 14 and the second through-hole 15.
As shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial unit may further include a first electrode 16 and a second electrode 17 to apply a voltage to the electrolyte contained in the first reservoir 111 and the electrolyte contained in the second reservoir 112. The first electrode 16 is in electrical contact with the electrolyte in the first reservoir 111 and the second electrode 17 is in electrical contact with the electrolyte in the second reservoir 112. Specifically, the first electrode 16 may be an anode, and the second electrode 17 may be a cathode; the first electrode 16 may be a cathode and the second electrode 17 may be an anode.
As shown in fig. 1, in practical applications, in order to facilitate integration of the metamaterial unit, the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 may be disposed below the first dielectric portion 11. One end of the first electrode 16 extends into the first dielectric portion 11 and is exposed at least at the bottom of the first reservoir 111. One end of the second electrode 17 extends into the first dielectric portion 11 and is exposed at least at the bottom of the groove of the second reservoir 112. Specifically, the first electrode 16 extends into one end of the first dielectric portion 11, and may be flush with the bottom of the first reservoir 111 or protrude from the bottom of the first reservoir 111. The second electrode 17 extends into one end of the first medium part 11, and may be flush with the bottom of the second reservoir 112 or protrude from the bottom of the second reservoir 112.
As shown in fig. 3, when the electrolyte tank 121 has a rectangular shape, the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 may be respectively located below both ends of a diagonal line of the electrolyte tank 121. Accordingly, the first through hole 14 and the first reservoir 111 may be located below one end of the electrolyte tank 121 in the diagonal direction, and the second through hole 15 and the second reservoir 112 may be located below one end of the electrolyte tank 121 in the diagonal direction. At this time, when the liquid metal flows into the electrolytic bath 121, the liquid metal diffuses from one end of the diagonal line of the electrolytic bath 121 to the other end of the diagonal line, and the liquid metal can be quickly and uniformly coated on the bottom surface of the electrolytic bath 121.
The material of the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 may be a radiation-resistant metal or graphite. At this time, not only can the influence of electromagnetic wave radiation received by the metamaterial unit during operation on the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 be avoided, the stability of the voltage applied to the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 is ensured, and the metamaterial unit is ensured to operate stably, but also the first electrode 16 and the second electrode 17 can have better conductivity.
As shown in fig. 1, the metamaterial unit may further include a third dielectric portion 13 on an upper surface of the second dielectric portion 12. The third medium section 13 seals the electrolytic solution tank 121 of the second medium section 12. The third medium part 13 can not only prevent impurities from entering the electrolyte tank 121 to contaminate the liquid metal and the electrolyte therein, but also prevent the liquid metal and the electrolyte from leaking out of the electrolyte tank 121. In practical applications, the third medium part 13 may be integrally formed with the second medium part 12, or may be provided separately from the second medium part 12. When the third medium part 13 and the second medium part 12 are integrally formed, a gap in the case of connecting the separate structures to each other can be avoided, so that the third medium part 13 has good sealing performance. When the third medium part 13 and the second medium part 12 are separately arranged, the second medium part 12 and the third medium part 13 can be processed respectively, so that the electrolyte tank 121 can be conveniently arranged on the second medium part 12, and the processing difficulty is reduced. The material of the third dielectric portion 13 may be an organic material, a ceramic material, silicon, or the like, but is not limited thereto.
In the meta-surface, a plurality of meta-material cells are periodically arranged. In order to facilitate processing and improve the electromagnetic wave regulation performance of the super surface, a plurality of metamaterial units included in the super surface can be integrated together. At this time, the reflection parts 10 of the plurality of metamaterial units are integrated into a complete reflection plate, the first dielectric parts 11 of the plurality of metamaterial units are integrated into a complete first dielectric plate, and the second dielectric parts 12 of the plurality of metamaterial units are integrated into a complete second dielectric plate. The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate may be made of the same material or different materials. The first dielectric plate, the second dielectric plate and the third dielectric plate can be manufactured by utilizing a packaging substrate process, a low-temperature co-fired ceramic process and a wafer-level fan-shaped demolding process, and miniaturization is facilitated. And a plurality of cathodes and anodes of the plurality of metamaterial units are integrated below the first dielectric plate.
According to the super-surface provided by the embodiment of the invention, the metamaterial unit has two states and can be converted between the two states, so that the metamaterial units in the two states can be used for forming codes '0' and '1', so that the super-surface with different coding modes is formed, and the reconfigurability of the metamaterial unit is used for converting different coding modes of the super-surface. Each metamaterial unit included in the encodable super surface may have its state controlled by a cathode and an anode of the metamaterial unit.
In practical applications, the electromagnetic state of the metamaterial unit in the non-filled state can be regarded as code "1", and the electromagnetic state of the metamaterial unit in the filled state can be regarded as code "0". In a specific frequency range, the reflection phase difference of the metamaterial unit in the two states can reach 180 degrees. At this time, when the super surface is encoded, the editing of each basic unit in the super surface can be realized by controlling the state of each metamaterial unit included in the super surface, so that a plurality of encoding modes of the super surface are obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, the reflection phase of the metamaterial unit in the unfilled state is close to 180 ° in the range of 23GHz to 27GHz, which can be defined as encoding "1". The reflection phase of the metamaterial unit in the filled state is close to 0 ° at 25GHz, which can be defined as encoding "0". The reflection phase difference of the metamaterial unit in the two states is close to the frequency range of 180 degrees, and the metamaterial unit can be used as the working frequency range of the super surface. Within the working frequency range, the super surface can be coded in various modes and scales, so that electromagnetic waves can be modulated in various reflection performances.
The embodiment of the invention also provides the terminal equipment. The terminal device includes a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run a computer program or instructions to implement, for example, the encoding method.
The coding method applies the above-mentioned hypersurface. The encoding method comprises the following steps:
the communication interface receives the electromagnetically modulated information. The electromagnetic modulation information includes target encoding parameters.
And the processor determines a reconstruction control strategy from the preset corresponding relation according to the electromagnetic modulation information. The reconfiguration control strategy includes state information for a plurality of metamaterial units that conform to the electromagnetic modulation information. For example, when the meta-surface includes 50 meta-material cells arranged periodically, the reconfiguration control strategy includes information of the fill state and the non-fill state of each of the 50 meta-material cells. The preset corresponding relation comprises the corresponding relation between the state information of the plurality of metamaterial units and the coding mode of the super surface. For example, the predetermined correspondence may be a correspondence between a set encoding mode of the meta-surface and a state of each meta-material unit. For example, the state information of the first metamaterial unit and the state information of the second metamaterial unit included in the super surface are sequentially coded in the x direction and the y direction according to the '0101' sequence coding mode, and the state information of the last metamaterial unit is sequentially coded.
And the processor controls the state of each metamaterial unit according to the reconstruction control strategy, so that the encoding mode of the super surface meets the electromagnetic modulation information. In practical applications, the processor sends the determined reconfiguration control strategy, i.e., the state information of each meta-material unit to the plurality of meta-material units included in the super-surface through the communication interface. Each metamaterial unit included with the meta-surface implements the received state information such that each metamaterial unit is in a state that is compatible with the reconfiguration control strategy.
Illustratively, when target coding parameters contained in electromagnetic modulation information received by the communication interface are coded in the x direction and the y direction according to '0101', the processor determines a reconstruction control strategy from a preset corresponding relation according to the electromagnetic modulation information, and determines state information of each metamaterial unit on the super surface. And the processing unit sends the state information of each metamaterial unit to each metamaterial unit through the communication interface. The state information received by each metamaterial unit in a voltage applying mode shows that the metamaterial surface is in a coding mode that the metamaterial unit is arranged in the x direction and the y direction according to '0101'.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer storage medium. The computer storage medium has stored therein instructions that, when executed, implement the above-described encoding method.
In the foregoing description of embodiments, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A metamaterial unit, comprising:
a reflection section;
the first medium part is positioned below the reflecting part, and a first liquid storage tank containing first working fluid and a second liquid storage tank containing the first working fluid are arranged on the surface, facing the reflecting part, of the first medium part;
the surface of the second medium part, which is far away from the reflection part, is provided with an electrolyte tank for containing a second working fluid, and the electrolyte tank is communicated with the first liquid storage tank and the second liquid storage tank;
the states of the metamaterial unit comprise a non-filling state and a filling state; when the metamaterial unit is in a non-filling state, the first working fluid comprises liquid metal and electrolyte, and the second working fluid is electrolyte; when a voltage difference exists between the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the first liquid storage tank and the voltage of the electrolyte applied in the second liquid storage tank, the metamaterial unit is in a filling state, and the second working fluid at least comprises liquid metal.
2. The metamaterial unit of claim 1, wherein the metamaterial unit is in a filled state when a voltage difference between a voltage applied to the electrolyte in the first reservoir and a voltage applied to the electrolyte in the second reservoir is 0.5V to 5V.
3. The metamaterial unit according to claim 1, wherein the outline shape of the electrolyte tank is a regular shape or a special shape; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the electrolyte contained in the electrolyte is NaOH, HCl or NaCl; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the liquid metal comprises one or more of gallium-based liquid metal alloy, indium-based liquid metal alloy, tin-based liquid metal alloy and bismuth-based liquid metal alloy.
4. A metamaterial unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metamaterial unit further comprises a first electrode and a second electrode; wherein,
the first electrode is in electrical contact with the electrolyte in the first reservoir;
the second electrode is in electrical contact with the electrolyte in the second reservoir.
5. The metamaterial unit of claim 4, wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode; or,
the first electrode is a cathode and the second electrode is an anode.
6. The metamaterial unit according to claim 4, wherein one end of the first electrode extends into the first dielectric portion and is exposed at least at the bottom of the first reservoir; one end of the second electrode extends into the first medium part and is exposed at least at the bottom of the second liquid storage tank; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the first electrode and the second electrode are made of radiation-resistant metal or graphite.
7. A metamaterial unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second medium portion and the reflection portion are each provided with a first through hole communicating the first reservoir with the electrolyte tank and a second through hole communicating the second reservoir with the electrolyte tank, and the first through hole and the second through hole contain electrolyte.
8. The metamaterial unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metamaterial base unit further comprises a third dielectric part located on the upper surface of the second dielectric part, and the third dielectric plate seals the electrolyte tank; the third medium part and the second medium part are integrally formed or are arranged in a split mode;
at least one of the first dielectric part, the second dielectric part and the third dielectric part is an organic substrate, a ceramic substrate or a silicon wafer.
9. A meta-surface comprising a plurality of meta-material elements as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electromagnetic device, characterized in that the electromagnetic device applies the super surface of claim 9, wherein the electromagnetic device is a radar stealth device, a microwave imaging device or an antenna.
11. A coding method, wherein the super surface of claim 9 is applied, the coding method comprising:
receiving electromagnetic modulation information, wherein the electromagnetic modulation information comprises target coding parameters;
determining a reconstruction control strategy from a preset corresponding relation according to the electromagnetic modulation information, wherein the reconstruction control strategy comprises state information of a plurality of metamaterial units which accord with the electromagnetic modulation information; the preset corresponding relation comprises a corresponding relation between state information of a plurality of metamaterial units and a coding mode of the super surface;
and controlling the state of each metamaterial unit according to the reconstruction control strategy, so that the encoding mode of the super surface meets the electromagnetic modulation information.
12. A terminal device, comprising: a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor; the processor is adapted to run a computer program or instructions to implement the encoding method of claim 11.
13. A computer storage medium having stored thereon instructions which, when executed, implement the encoding method of claim 11.
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