CN112331894A - Fuel cell, heat dissipation system, heat dissipation control method and application thereof - Google Patents

Fuel cell, heat dissipation system, heat dissipation control method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112331894A
CN112331894A CN202011356244.5A CN202011356244A CN112331894A CN 112331894 A CN112331894 A CN 112331894A CN 202011356244 A CN202011356244 A CN 202011356244A CN 112331894 A CN112331894 A CN 112331894A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heat dissipation
fuel cell
heat
heat exchange
chamber
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Pending
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CN202011356244.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张磊
张永
薛晓婷
张威
肖彪
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Application filed by Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai filed Critical Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Priority to CN202011356244.5A priority Critical patent/CN112331894A/en
Publication of CN112331894A publication Critical patent/CN112331894A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a fuel cell, a heat dissipation system, a heat dissipation control method and application thereof. The heat dissipation device comprises a mixing cavity, the heat dissipation channel is communicated with the mixing cavity, the heat dissipation channel and the mixing cavity are filled with cooling media, and the mixing cavity performs mixed heat exchange on the cooling media in the heat dissipation channel and the mixing cavity. Compared with the prior art, the volume of the whole fuel cell can be effectively reduced, the convenience and the universality of use are improved, additional power-consumption heat dissipation devices are not required to be added, and the utilization rate of electric energy is effectively improved.

Description

Fuel cell, heat dissipation system, heat dissipation control method and application thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cell heat dissipation, in particular to a fuel cell, a heat dissipation system, a heat dissipation control method and application thereof.
Background
The fuel cell system needs to perform necessary heat dissipation when in operation, and most of the heat dissipation systems are completed by adopting an external radiator, a heat dissipation fan and a driving water pump. If the water pump is driven to pump the cooling liquid into the whole fuel cell system, the cooling liquid is pumped into the external radiator after absorbing the reaction heat of the fuel cell, and the reaction heat is dissipated from the cooling liquid by the cooling fan, so that the cooling requirement of the fuel cell system is met. The heat dissipation structure needs to consume part of the electric energy of the fuel cell and is used as a power source for driving the whole heat dissipation system, so that the available generated energy produced by the fuel cell is reduced, the electric energy utilization rate of the fuel cell is lower, the size of the pole plate is increased to compensate for the electric energy loss, the size of the fuel cell is larger, heat dissipation systems such as a heat dissipation fan and a water pump need to be assembled in a larger space, the size of the fuel cell is further increased, and the universality of the use of the fuel cell is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems of low electric energy utilization rate and large volume of the existing fuel cell, the main object of the present application is to provide a fuel cell, a heat dissipation system, a heat dissipation control method and applications thereof, which can effectively improve the electric energy utilization rate and have small volume.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:
according to an aspect of the application, a fuel cell is provided, including battery stack and heat abstractor, the battery stack includes a plurality of range upon range of polar plates, be formed with heat dissipation channel in the battery stack, heat abstractor includes the hybrid chamber, heat dissipation channel with the hybrid chamber intercommunication, heat dissipation channel with fill by coolant in the hybrid chamber, the hybrid chamber will coolant in the heat dissipation channel with mix the heat transfer by coolant in the hybrid chamber.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the mixing chamber further has a heat exchange wall attached to the external medium, and the mixing chamber dissipates heat to the external medium through the heat exchange wall.
According to an embodiment of the present application, a spoiler and/or a deflector is further disposed in the mixing chamber.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the spoiler includes a flexible member and a stirring member, the flexible member is assembled in the mixing chamber, and the stirring member can swing along the flexible member to drive the cooling medium to flow in the mixing chamber and the heat dissipation channel.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the flow guide member is a flow guide plate, and the flow guide plate is disposed in the mixing chamber at an angle.
According to an embodiment of the application, the mixing chamber is located at a side of the cell stack facing the external medium.
According to an embodiment of the application, wherein the mixing chamber is located at the upper side of the cell stack.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchanger further comprises a heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange cavity is attached to the mixing cavity, and the heat exchange cavity and the mixing cavity can exchange heat.
According to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the heat exchange cavity comprises a liquid inlet hole, and an external medium can be filled in the heat exchange cavity through the liquid inlet hole.
According to another aspect of the present application, a fuel cell heat dissipation system is provided, including fuel cell and hybrid chamber, fuel cell has heat dissipation channel, the hybrid chamber with heat dissipation channel intercommunication, heat dissipation channel with fill by cooling medium in the hybrid chamber, the hybrid chamber will cooling medium in the heat dissipation channel with the hybrid chamber cooling medium mixes the heat transfer.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchanger further comprises a heat exchange cavity, the heat exchange cavity is attached to the mixing cavity, and the heat exchange cavity and the mixing cavity can exchange heat.
According to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the heat exchange cavity comprises a liquid inlet hole, and an external medium can be filled in the heat exchange cavity through the liquid inlet hole.
According to an embodiment of the application, the heat exchange device further comprises a control assembly, and the control assembly can control the filling volume of an external medium in the heat exchange cavity so as to change the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange cavity and the mixing cavity.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a fuel cell heat dissipation control method including the steps of:
starting up the machine to run for a preset preheating time, and detecting the temperature of the fuel cell to compare with a preset temperature threshold;
if the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a preset temperature threshold value, starting a heat dissipation system;
and if the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the preset temperature threshold, closing the heat dissipation system.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the shutting down the heat dissipation system if the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the preset temperature threshold includes:
the preset temperature threshold comprises a plurality of preset temperature zones, and the heat dissipation system can control the volume of the external medium entering the heat exchange cavity corresponding to different preset temperature zones.
According to another aspect of the application, a fuel cell for a ship is provided, and the fuel cell heat dissipation control method is included.
According to the technical scheme, the fuel cell, the heat dissipation system, the heat dissipation control method and the application thereof have the advantages and positive effects that:
through be in one side of the cell stack sets up heat abstractor, through hybrid chamber and heat dissipation channel intercommunication, through the hybrid chamber mixes the coolant in to heat dissipation channel and the coolant in the hybrid chamber, just also can mix the higher coolant of polar plate department temperature and the lower coolant of hybrid chamber internal temperature, need not to circulate the coolant in the fuel cell with the help of external power consumptive heat dissipation device, effectively improves fuel cell's electric energy utilization ratio, reduces fuel cell's volume, improves commonality and the convenience that fuel cell used.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram showing the overall structure of a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is another schematic view of the overall structure of a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 3 is another schematic view of the overall structure of a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 4 is another schematic view of the overall structure of a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view illustrating a heat exchange wall of a fuel cell according to an exemplary embodiment.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1. a cell stack; 101. a polar plate; 102. a heat dissipation channel; 2. a mixing chamber; 201. a heat exchange wall; 3. a cooling medium; 4. a spoiler; 401. a flexible member; 402. an agitation member; 5. a flow guide member; 6. a heat exchange cavity; 601. and a liquid inlet hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the prior art, cooling media in the fuel cell are disturbed by the additional heat dissipation devices needing power consumption to dissipate heat of the fuel cell, so that the circulation efficiency of the cooling media is improved, however, the heat dissipation mode needs to consume electric energy generated by part of the fuel cell, so that the electric energy utilization rate of the fuel cell is reduced, in addition, as the additional heat dissipation devices are more, and the heat dissipation devices are fixedly connected, the size of the whole fuel cell is increased, and the universality of the fuel cell in use is reduced. Therefore, this application proposes through 1 one side of battery pile sets up heat abstractor, through mixing chamber 2 and heat dissipation channel 102 intercommunication, through cooling medium 3 in 2 to heat dissipation channel 102 and the mixing chamber 2 of mixing chamber 3 mix, just also can mix the cooling medium 3 that the higher cooling medium of polar plate 101 department's temperature is lower in 2 with the mixing chamber, need not to circulate cooling medium 3 in the fuel cell with the help of external power consumptive heat dissipation device, effectively improves fuel cell's electric energy utilization ratio, reduce fuel cell's volume, improve commonality and the convenience that fuel cell used.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, according to an aspect of the present application, a fuel cell is provided, which includes a cell stack 1 and a heat dissipation device, where the cell stack 1 includes a plurality of stacked electrode plates 101, a heat dissipation channel 102 is formed in the cell stack 1, the heat dissipation device includes a mixing cavity 2, the heat dissipation channel 102 is communicated with the mixing cavity 2, the heat dissipation channel 102 and the mixing cavity 2 are filled with a cooling medium 3, and the mixing cavity 2 exchanges heat between the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 and the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2.
As an example, the mixing chamber 2 includes a plurality of heat dissipation chambers, and is a plurality of the heat dissipation chambers communicate with each other, preferably, at least includes first heat dissipation chamber, second heat dissipation chamber and third heat dissipation chamber, first heat dissipation chamber reaches the second heat dissipation chamber set up respectively in heat dissipation channel 102 both sides, the third heat dissipation chamber with first heat dissipation chamber reaches second heat dissipation chamber angulation sets up, and then improves heat dissipation channel 102 with the area of contact of cooling medium 3 in the mixing chamber 2, when the heat transfer, first heat dissipation chamber reaches the second heat dissipation chamber respectively with heat dissipation channel 102 forms the heat exchange passageway, and then carries out preliminary heat transfer, improves heat exchange efficiency and realizes quick heat dissipation.
The first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber may be relatively perpendicular to the heat dissipation channel 102, that is, vertically disposed at both sides of the plate 101, so as to reduce a flow path of the cooling medium 3, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.
The fuel cell can be attached to the surface of the power supply equipment to form a heat exchange channel between the first heat dissipation cavity and the power supply equipment to be supplied with power, so that heat of the cooling medium 3 can be rapidly transferred, and the cooling medium 3 is cooled.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the mixing chamber 2 further has a heat exchange wall 201, the heat exchange wall 201 is attached to an external medium, and the mixing chamber 2 dissipates heat to the external medium through the heat exchange wall 201.
The heat exchange wall 201 of the mixing chamber 2 may surround the cell stack 1, so that the cooling medium 3 inside the fuel cell can transfer heat to an external medium through the heat exchange wall 201, and preferably, the heat conduction and heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange wall 201 is greater than the heat conduction coefficients of the cooling medium 3 and the external medium, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency.
According to an embodiment of the present application, a spoiler 4 and/or a deflector 5 are further provided within the mixing chamber 2. The turbulence piece 4 or the flow guide piece 5 can improve the disturbance of the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2, so that the cooling medium 3 with higher temperature in the heat dissipation channel 102 can be mixed with the cooling medium 3 with lower temperature in the mixing cavity 2 for heat exchange, and the turbulence of the mixing process is increased by the turbulence piece 4 or the flow guide piece 5, so that the cooling medium 3 with temperature difference is improved for heat exchange.
As an example, the spoiler 4 or the flow guide 5 may be configured as a flow guide facing the heat dissipation channel 102 at the mixing chamber 2, and the flow guide may be configured as a circular arc structure or a wave-shaped structure, so as to increase the turbulence of the mixing chamber 2. It is also possible to provide a plurality of said baffles at an angle within said mixing chamber 2 to increase turbulence within said mixing chamber 2 at different angles and directions.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the spoiler 4 includes a flexible member 401 and an agitating member 402, the flexible member 401 is assembled in the mixing chamber 2, and the agitating member 402 can swing along the flexible member 401 to move the cooling medium 3 in the mixing chamber 2 and the heat dissipating channel 102. As an example, the flexible rope 401 may be provided, and the stirring member 402 may be provided in a ball structure having a certain mass, such that the stirring member 402 of the ball structure increases the turbulence in the mixing chamber 2. The agitating member 402 may be opposite to the flow direction of the cooling medium 3 during the mixing of the cooling medium 3, thereby increasing the heat exchange and mixing efficiency of the cooling medium 3 in the mixing chamber 2.
Preferably, the density of the agitating members 402 is greater than that of the cooling liquid, and the agitating members 402 may be provided in a spherical structure.
It should be noted that the stirring component 402 is fixedly connected to the flexible component 401, and the other end of the flexible component 401 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mixing chamber 2, and in order to increase the disturbing force of the disturbing component 4, the flexible component 401 may be configured as a rope structure with different lengths, so that the stirring components 402 may be staggered with each other, and further, the disturbing force may be increased in different horizontal planes, thereby improving the heat exchange effect.
When the usage environment of the fuel cell is a relatively shaking environment, such as a device driven on the water surface, the stirring member 402 has a relatively large mass inertia and is opposite to the swinging direction of the cooling medium 3, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the cooling medium 3 with a temperature difference in the mixing chamber 2 can be increased.
According to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the mixing chamber 2 is located at a side of the cell stack 1 facing the external medium. The mixing chamber 2 may be disposed at a side facing the external medium, so that a heat exchange effect between the mixing chamber 2 and the external medium may be improved, and a heat exchange effect of the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 may also be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, wherein the mixing chamber 2 is located at the upper side of the cell stack 1. Because a temperature difference is generated between the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2 and the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102, the temperature in the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 is higher and can automatically flow upwards, the mixing cavity is arranged at the upper side of the cell stack 1, and the mixing of the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 and the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity can be improved, so that heat exchange can be rapidly carried out, and the heat exchange capability of the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 can be improved.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanging cavity 6, the heat exchanging cavity 6 is attached to the mixing cavity 2, and the heat exchanging cavity 6 and the mixing cavity 2 can exchange heat. Preferably, the heat exchange cavity 6 may be wrapped and disposed outside the mixing cavity 2, so as to increase a heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange cavity 6, for example, a heat dissipation fin may be added in the heat exchange cavity 6 or a cooling medium 3 with a higher heat exchange coefficient may be filled in the heat exchange cavity 6, so as to form a heat exchange channel between the heat exchange cavity 6 and the mixing cavity 2, and further, the temperature of the cooling medium 3 mixed in the mixing cavity 2 is rapidly decreased. The filling proportion of the cooling medium 3 in the heat exchange cavity 6 or the area of the heat conducting fins can be adjusted by those skilled in the art according to the actual use condition, so as to adapt to the actual use requirement.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange chamber 6 includes a liquid inlet 601, and an external medium can be filled in the heat exchange chamber 6 through the liquid inlet 601. As an example, the heat exchange chamber 6 may be filled with a cooling medium 3, such that the cooling medium 3 is filled into the heat exchange chamber 6 through a liquid inlet hole 601 provided in the heat exchange chamber 6.
Preferably, a plurality of liquid inlet holes 601 are formed in the surface of the heat exchange cavity 6, so that the filling proportion of the cooling medium 3 in different positions can be adjusted, the heat exchange coefficient between the heat exchange cavity 6 and the mixing cavity 2 is controlled, and the problem that the temperature of the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2 is too low or the actually available electric quantity of the fuel cell is reduced due to too high temperature can be solved.
According to another aspect of the present application, a fuel cell heat dissipation system is provided, which includes a fuel cell and a mixing cavity 2, the fuel cell has a heat dissipation channel 102, the mixing cavity 2 is communicated with the heat dissipation channel 102, the heat dissipation channel 102 and the mixing cavity 2 are filled with a cooling medium 3, and the mixing cavity 2 exchanges heat between the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 and the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2.
It should be understood that the mixing chamber 2 and the fuel cell are separately arranged, so that the mixing chamber 2 is in communication with the heat dissipation channel 102 of the fuel cell, and the heat exchange between the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 and the cooling medium 3 in the mixing chamber 2 is facilitated.
The fuel cell can be assembled in the fuel cell heat dissipation system, so that the fuel cell or the fuel cell heat dissipation system can be conveniently disassembled and assembled, and the use universality of the fuel cell heat dissipation system is further improved.
The mixing chamber 2 not only can increase the heat exchange area of the heat dissipation channel 102 in the fuel cell, but also can perform heat exchange in the mixing chamber 2 by the cooling medium 3 with temperature difference. The flow velocity of the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel 102 in the fuel cell does not need to be increased by other electrical consumers, or the cooling medium 3 does not need to be replaced for heat exchange, so that the available electric quantity of the fuel cell can be effectively increased.
Preferably, the mixing chamber 2 may be attached to an external medium, and the mixing chamber 2 may be disposed above the fuel cell heat dissipation channel 102, so that the cooling medium 3 having a high heat quantity can exchange heat in the mixing chamber 2.
And a turbulence member 4 or a guide plate can be arranged in the mixing cavity 2, and the turbulence of the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2 is increased by the turbulence member 4 and the guide plate, so that the aim of rapid mixing and heat exchange is fulfilled.
The spoiler 4 can be provided as a flexible component 401 and a stirring component 402, so that the flexible component 401 can be assembled in the mixing chamber 2, the moving direction of the stirring component 402 in the mixing chamber 2 is opposite to the flowing heat exchange direction of the cooling medium 3 with a temperature difference or is static in the mixing chamber 2, and the turbulence of the cooling medium 3 in the mixing chamber 2 is further increased.
As an example, the density of the stirring members 402 should be greater than that of the cooling medium 3, and may be provided as a spherical structure having a certain mass.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchanger includes a heat exchanging cavity 6, the heat exchanging cavity 6 is attached to the mixing cavity 2, and the heat exchanging cavity 6 and the mixing cavity 2 can exchange heat.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the heat exchange chamber 6 includes a liquid inlet 601, and an external medium can be filled in the heat exchange chamber 6 through the liquid inlet 601. Preferably, the liquid inlet holes 601 can be arranged in a plurality of ways, so that the liquid inlet holes 601 are arranged at different positions on the surface of the heat exchange cavity 6 and can be arranged at different spacing distances relative to the external medium, and then the filling positions and proportions of the external medium entering the heat exchange cavity 6 at different positions in the heat exchange cavity 6 can be conveniently adjusted, and further the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange cavity 6 and the mixing cavity 2 can be conveniently adjusted.
According to an embodiment of the present application, a control assembly (not shown) is further included, and the control assembly can control the filling volume of the external medium in the heat exchange cavity 6 to change the heat exchange coefficient between the heat exchange cavity 6 and the mixing cavity 2. The control component can control the opening or opening time of the liquid inlet hole 601, so as to adjust the filling proportion of the external medium in the mixing cavity 2.
As an example, when there are a plurality of liquid inlet holes 601, the opening and closing of the liquid inlet holes 601 at different positions can be controlled, so as to adjust the heat exchange efficiency between the local heat exchange chamber 6 and the mixing chamber 2, and increase the flexibility and the trafficability of the use.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a fuel cell heat dissipation control method including the steps of:
starting up the machine to run for a preset preheating time, and detecting the temperature of the fuel cell to compare with a preset temperature threshold;
if the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a preset temperature threshold value, starting a heat dissipation system;
and if the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the preset temperature threshold, closing the heat dissipation system.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the shutting down the heat dissipation system if the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the preset temperature threshold includes:
the preset temperature threshold comprises a plurality of preset temperature zones, and the heat dissipation system can control the volume of the external medium entering the heat exchange cavity 6 corresponding to different preset temperature zones.
As an example, the fuel cell operation minimum temperature T1, the temperature point of the external medium T2, the temperature point of the external medium T3, the real-time temperature within the cell stack 1 may be set to Tm, and the real-time temperature of the external medium is Tn, where T2< T3.
Install fuel cell on with electrical apparatus surface, make mixing chamber 2 or the laminating of heat transfer chamber 6 is fixed in on the electrical apparatus, can mixing chamber 2 or heat transfer chamber 6 with scribble one deck heat dissipation silica gel between the electrical apparatus, improve heat conduction efficiency, rethread bolt locking is on using electrical apparatus, can transmit fuel cell's heat to with mixing chamber 2 and/or heat transfer chamber 6 through cooling medium 3 like this, rethread heat dissipation silica gel transmits to using electrical apparatus, and the heat is taken away by outside medium at last.
When the fuel cell system works, the fuel cell system is started up and operated for 2Min firstly, so that the fuel cell system is preheated to reach the proper operation temperature. The internal temperature Tm of the electric pile pole plate 101 starts to be detected after two minutes of preheating, when the internal temperature Tm is less than the lowest working temperature T1 of the fuel cell, the heat dissipation system of the fuel cell is closed, the water inlet hole is completely closed, and at the moment, the internal temperature of the fuel cell is quickly raised to a proper working temperature.
When the internal problem Tm of the electric pile exceeds the minimum working temperature T1 of the electric pile, the heat dissipation system is opened and the detection of the temperature of the external medium is started, because the high and low of the temperature of the external medium determines the speed of heat dissipation of the whole heat dissipation system.
When the real-time temperature of the external medium is Tn < T2, only the heat dissipation channel 102 of 1/3 needs to be opened at the moment, and the external medium with lower temperature passes through the heat dissipation channel 102 of the ship body a little to take away part of reaction heat;
when the temperature of the external medium is between T2 and T3, the heat dissipation channel 102 of 2/3 can be opened, and the external medium takes away most of the reaction heat;
when the external medium temperature exceeds T3, all the heat dissipation channels 102 are opened, and the external medium dissipates heat of the stack as soon as possible.
After the heat dissipation system performs heat dissipation work aiming at different working conditions, detecting whether the real-time temperature Tm inside a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is in a proper reaction temperature threshold value or not, wherein the proper temperature threshold value of the galvanic pile of the fuel cell is determined according to the use parameters of the actual fuel cell, and if the fuel cell is in a proper temperature working interval at the moment, the heat dissipation mode of the heat dissipation system is proved to be proper and the current state is maintained;
and if the stack internal real-time temperature Tm of the fuel cell is in an improper temperature interval, the heat dissipation system returns to the upper level to perform repeated operation until the stack internal real-time temperature Tm of the fuel cell is in an appropriate reaction temperature interval.
A fuel cell for a ship comprises the fuel cell, or a fuel cell heat dissipation system or the fuel cell heat dissipation control method.
As an example, the fuel cell and its heat dissipation system are assembled at the bottom plate of the ship body, and the mixing chamber 2 is attached to the bottom plate of the bed body and locked by bolts. When the fuel cell undergoes an electrochemical reaction to generate heat, the cooling medium 3 flows through the plate 101, and the heat can be brought to the entire cooling medium 3 in time. When the ship sails, the ship body shakes, and due to the structure of the mixing cavity 2 in the fuel cell, the built-in turbulence member 4 can shake left and right to stir the cooling medium 3, so that the heat dissipation of the whole cooling medium 3 is enhanced.
Specifically, the stirring component 402 in the spoiler 4 drives the flexible component 401 to swing in the mixing cavity 2, so as to enhance the heat exchange between the cooling medium 3 in the heat dissipation channel and the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2. The heat exchange cavity 6 can be arranged at the part contacting with water of the attached ship body, and then the filling amount of the water entering the heat exchange cavity 6 can be adjusted through the liquid inlet hole 601 on the surface of the heat exchange cavity 6.
The mixing cavity 2 and the ship body can be locked by using bolts, contact surfaces of the mixing cavity 2 and the ship body are made of metal, the ship body can take away heat of the cooling medium 3 in the mixing cavity 2 to an external medium through heat conduction, and the chemical heat of the whole fuel cell can be taken away due to the fact that the temperature of the external medium is low.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (16)

1. The fuel cell is characterized by comprising a cell stack (1) and a heat dissipation device, wherein the cell stack (1) comprises a plurality of stacked polar plates (101), a heat dissipation channel (102) is formed in the cell stack (1), the heat dissipation device comprises a mixing cavity (2), the heat dissipation channel (102) is communicated with the mixing cavity (2), the heat dissipation channel (102) and the mixing cavity (2) are filled with a cooling medium (3), and the mixing cavity (2) mixes and exchanges heat between the cooling medium (3) in the heat dissipation channel (102) and the cooling medium (3) in the mixing cavity (2).
2. The fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the mixing chamber (2) further has a heat exchange wall (201), the heat exchange wall (201) being attached to an external medium, the mixing chamber (2) dissipating heat to the external medium through the heat exchange wall (201).
3. A fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow perturbation element (4) and/or a flow guide element (5) is/are arranged in the mixing chamber (2).
4. A fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the spoiler (4) comprises a flexible member (401) and a stirring member (402), the flexible member (401) being fitted in the mixing chamber (2), the stirring member (402) being swingable along the flexible member (401) to move the cooling medium (3) in the mixing chamber (2) and the heat dissipation channel (102).
5. A fuel cell according to claim 3, characterized in that the flow guide (5) is a flow guide arranged at an angle in the mixing chamber (2).
6. A fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing chamber (2) is located on the side of the stack (1) facing the external medium.
7. A fuel cell according to claim 6, characterized in that the mixing chamber (2) is located on the upper side of the cell stack (1).
8. The fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a heat exchange chamber (6), wherein the heat exchange chamber (6) is attached to the mixing chamber (2), and the heat exchange chamber (6) and the mixing chamber (2) can exchange heat.
9. The fuel cell according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat exchange chamber (6) comprises an inlet hole (601), and an external medium can be filled in the heat exchange chamber (6) through the inlet hole (601).
10. The fuel cell heat dissipation system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell and a mixing cavity (2), wherein the fuel cell is provided with a heat dissipation channel (102), the mixing cavity (2) is communicated with the heat dissipation channel (102), the heat dissipation channel (102) and the mixing cavity (2) are filled with a cooling medium (3), and the mixing cavity (2) mixes and exchanges heat between the cooling medium (3) in the heat dissipation channel (102) and the cooling medium (3) in the mixing cavity (2).
11. The heat dissipation system for the fuel cell as defined in claim 10, further comprising a heat exchange chamber (6), wherein the heat exchange chamber (6) is attached to the mixing chamber (2), and the heat exchange chamber (6) and the mixing chamber (2) can exchange heat.
12. The heat dissipation system for a fuel cell as defined in claim 11, wherein the heat exchange chamber (6) comprises a liquid inlet hole (601), and an external medium can be filled in the heat exchange chamber (6) through the liquid inlet hole (601).
13. The fuel cell heat dissipation system of claim 11, further comprising a control assembly that controls a fill volume of an external medium in the heat exchange chamber (6) to change a heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange chamber (6) and the mixing chamber (2).
14. A fuel cell heat dissipation control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
starting up the machine to run for a preset preheating time, and detecting the temperature of the fuel cell to compare with a preset temperature threshold;
if the temperature of the fuel cell is higher than a preset temperature threshold value, starting a heat dissipation system;
and if the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than the preset temperature threshold, closing the heat dissipation system.
15. The fuel cell heat dissipation control method of claim 14, wherein shutting down the heat dissipation system if the temperature of the fuel cell is below a preset temperature threshold comprises:
the preset temperature threshold comprises a plurality of preset temperature zones, and the heat dissipation system can control the volume of the external medium entering the heat exchange cavity (6) corresponding to different preset temperature zones.
16. A fuel cell for a ship, characterized by comprising the fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 or the heat dissipation system for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 10 to 13 or the heat dissipation control method for a fuel cell according to claim 14 or claim 15.
CN202011356244.5A 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 Fuel cell, heat dissipation system, heat dissipation control method and application thereof Pending CN112331894A (en)

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CN202011356244.5A CN112331894A (en) 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 Fuel cell, heat dissipation system, heat dissipation control method and application thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202011356244.5A CN112331894A (en) 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 Fuel cell, heat dissipation system, heat dissipation control method and application thereof

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CN112331894A true CN112331894A (en) 2021-02-05

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115347268A (en) * 2021-05-14 2022-11-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery pack and vehicle

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115347268A (en) * 2021-05-14 2022-11-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery pack and vehicle
CN115347268B (en) * 2021-05-14 2023-07-14 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery pack and vehicle

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