CN112326803A - Method and device for evaluating compressibility of natural gas reservoir - Google Patents
Method and device for evaluating compressibility of natural gas reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN112326803A CN112326803A CN202010978337.5A CN202010978337A CN112326803A CN 112326803 A CN112326803 A CN 112326803A CN 202010978337 A CN202010978337 A CN 202010978337A CN 112326803 A CN112326803 A CN 112326803A
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021185 dessert Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, which comprises the following steps: step a, preparing a rock sample specimen from a natural gas reservoir; b, transmitting ultrasonic waves to the rock sample, and acquiring the acoustic time difference delta t required by the ultrasonic waves to pass through the rock sample; c, according to the acoustic wave time difference delta t and the velocity v of the longitudinal wavepObtaining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenp(ii) a Step d, according to the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenpAnd its brittle mineral index c with natural gas reservoirsfObtaining the brittle mineral index c of the natural gas reservoirf(ii) a Step e, according to the brittle mineral index c of the rock sample specimenfAnd obtaining the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir by the relationship between the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir and the obtained compressibility index. The method and the device for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can solve the problems of complex calculation method, large workload and long evaluation period of the conventional evaluation method for the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, and simultaneously ensure the accuracy of the evaluation of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a method and a device for evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir.
Background
Compressibility is an important basic parameter in the field of natural gas production. The compressibility determines the capability of forming a seam network of a natural gas reservoir, provides a basis for dessert optimization, well completion perforation and hydraulic fracturing design in the natural gas exploitation process, and has a certain influence on the yield of natural gas.
At present, there are three general methods for evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir at home and abroad, namely a brittleness coefficient method, a rock mechanical parameter method and an empirical formula method. But the brittleness coefficient method only considers the contents of quartz, carbonate rock and clay, the consideration factor is single, and the accuracy of the compressibility of the obtained natural gas reservoir is low. The rock mechanics parameter method and the empirical formula method are based on 3 aspects of organic matter content, mineral composition and rock mechanics, and the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir is evaluated by adopting 6 key parameters such as organic matter content TOC, Young modulus, brittle mineral content, Poisson's ratio, clay mineral content and ground stress difference coefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve all or part of the problems, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for evaluating the compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, so as to solve the problems of complex calculation method, large workload and long evaluation period of the conventional evaluation method for the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir and ensure the evaluation accuracy of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of assessing compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, the method comprising: step a, preparing a rock sample specimen from the natural gas reservoir; b, transmitting ultrasonic waves to the rock sample, and acquiring the acoustic time difference delta t required by the ultrasonic waves to pass through the rock sample; c, according to the acoustic wave time difference delta t and the velocity v of the longitudinal wavepObtaining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenp(ii) a D, according to the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenpAnd its brittle mineral index c with said natural gas reservoirfObtaining the brittle mineral index c of the natural gas reservoirf(ii) a Step e, according to the brittle mineral index c of the rock sample specimenfAnd the relation between the natural gas reservoir pressure index and the natural gas reservoir pressure index is obtained.
Further, the relationship between the acoustic wave time difference and the longitudinal wave velocity is as follows:
where Δ t is the acoustic transit time, μ s;
vp-longitudinal wave velocity, m/s;
l-thickness of rock specimen, μm.
Further, the brittle mineral index is related to the longitudinal wave velocity by:
in the formula, cf-index of brittle minerals;
vplongitudinal wave velocity, m/s.
Further, the index c of brittle mineralsfThe relationship to the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir is:
where, FI-compressibility index of the reservoir.
Further, the rock sample specimen is a cylindrical structure, and the parallelism of two end faces of the rock sample specimen is 0.04 mm.
Furthermore, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 18-20 MHz.
Further, the natural gas reservoir is a shale gas reservoir or a coal bed gas reservoir.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for assessing compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, comprising: the bearing unit is used for bearing and accommodating the rock sample; the ultrasonic transmitter can transmit ultrasonic waves to the end face of the rock sample specimen; an ultrasonic receiver capable of obtaining an incident time when the ultrasonic wave is incident on the rock sample and an exit time when the ultrasonic wave is emitted from the rock sample; and a logic operation device capable of realizing the method with the help of the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic receiver.
Further, the bearing unit further comprises a clamping piece assembly for clamping and adhering the rock sample, a simulation shaft for accommodating the clamping piece assembly and the rock sample, a top cover component for sealing one end of the simulation shaft and a base component for sealing the other end of the simulation shaft, the ultrasonic transmitter comprises a transmitting probe which is arranged in the simulation shaft and can transmit ultrasonic waves to one end face of the rock sample, and the ultrasonic receiver comprises a first receiving probe and a second receiving probe which are arranged in the clamping piece assembly and respectively coupled with two ends of the rock sample.
Further, the logical operation device is a computer.
According to the method and the device for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, provided by the invention, the longitudinal wave velocity of the sound wave of the rock sample can be calculated by measuring the sound wave time difference of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample, and the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir can be obtained according to the relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample and the brittle mineral index of the natural gas reservoir and the relationship between the brittle mineral index of the natural gas reservoir and the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir, so that the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can be accurately evaluated. The method can obtain the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir through simple calculation in several steps by only acquiring the acoustic wave time difference, the acquired data is less, and the calculation method is simple, so the workload of the method is small, and the evaluation period of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can be shortened. The device is simple in structure, small in required equipment quantity and light in weight, is suitable for being used on site, can further shorten the evaluation period of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, and improves the working efficiency of the compressibility evaluation of the natural gas reservoir. The method and the device for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir provided by the invention can solve the problems of complex calculation method, large workload and long evaluation period of the conventional method for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, and simultaneously ensure the accuracy of evaluation of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir. The device for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir is easy to assemble, safe and reliable to use, free of damage to rock samples and convenient to implement, popularize and apply.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the figure:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of assessing compressibility of a natural gas reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows an apparatus for evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for evaluating the compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, wherein the natural gas reservoir evaluated by the method is mainly a shale gas reservoir or a coal bed gas reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: step a, preparing a rock sample specimen from a natural gas reservoir; b, transmitting ultrasonic waves to the rock sample, and acquiring the acoustic time difference delta t required by the ultrasonic waves to pass through the rock sample; c, according to the acoustic wave time difference delta t and the velocity v of the longitudinal wavepObtaining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenp(ii) a Step d, according to the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenpAnd its brittle mineral index c with natural gas reservoirsfObtaining the brittle mineral index c of the natural gas reservoirf(ii) a Step e, according to the brittle mineral index c of the rock sample specimenfAnd obtaining the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir by the relationship between the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir and the obtained compressibility index.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the method calculates the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample sound wave by measuring the sound wave time difference of the ultrasonic wave in the rock sample, and obtains the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir according to the relationship between the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample and the friable mineral index of the natural gas reservoir and the relationship between the friable mineral index of the natural gas reservoir and the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir, so that the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can be accurately evaluated. The method can obtain the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir through simple calculation in several steps by only acquiring the acoustic wave time difference, the acquired data is less, and the calculation method is simple, so the workload of the method is small, and the evaluation period of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can be shortened. Therefore, the method for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can solve the problems of complex calculation method, large workload and long evaluation period of the conventional method for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, and simultaneously ensures the accuracy of evaluation of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir.
In this embodiment, the relationship between the acoustic wave time difference and the longitudinal wave velocity is:
where Δ t is the acoustic transit time, μ s;
vp-longitudinal wave velocity, m/s;
l-thickness of rock specimen, μm.
In this example, the relationship between the brittle mineral index and the longitudinal wave velocity is:
in the formula, cf-index of brittle minerals;
vplongitudinal wave velocity, m/s.
In this example, the index of brittle minerals cfThe conversion relation with the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir is as follows:
where, FI-compressibility index of the reservoir.
In the embodiment, when the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir is 0.1-0.3, the natural gas reservoir has low compressibility and has poor hydraulic fracturing effect on the reservoir; when the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir is 0.3-0.6, the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir is medium, and a good effect can be achieved when hydraulic fracturing is carried out; when the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir is more than 0.6, the natural gas reservoir has high fracturability and is a high-quality fracturable natural gas reservoir.
In this embodiment, the rock specimen has a cylindrical structure, preferably a prism of 5 × 5 × 10 mm. The parallelism of two end faces of the rock sample is 0.04mm, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 18-20 MHz, and therefore the measurement precision of the acoustic wave time difference can be improved, and the accuracy of the natural gas reservoir compressibility evaluation is guaranteed.
Fig. 2 schematically shows an apparatus 100 for evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir according to an example of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the apparatus 100 includes a carrying unit 1 for holding a rock sample specimen, an ultrasonic transmitter 2, an ultrasonic receiver 3, and a logic operation device 4. Wherein, the ultrasonic transmitter 2 can transmit ultrasonic waves to the end face of the rock sample specimen. The ultrasonic receiver 3 can obtain the time of incidence of the ultrasonic waves into the rock sample and the time of emission of the ultrasonic waves from the rock sample. The logic operation device 4 can implement the above method with the aid of the ultrasonic transmitter 2 and the ultrasonic receiver 3, and the logic operation device 4 is preferably a computer.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the device 100 has a simple structure, needs a small amount of equipment, is light in weight, is suitable for being used on site, and can further shorten the evaluation period of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir and improve the working efficiency of the compressibility evaluation of the natural gas reservoir. The device 100 for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir is easy to assemble, safe and reliable to use and convenient to implement, popularize and apply.
In this embodiment, the carrying unit 1 further includes a clip assembly 11 for clamping and adhering the rock sample, a simulated wellbore 12 for accommodating the clip assembly 11 and the rock sample, a top cover member 13 for closing one end of the simulated wellbore, and a base member 14 for closing the other end of the simulated wellbore. The simulated shaft 12 is used for simulating the underground environment of a rock sample so as to reduce signal interference generated by the external environment in the ultrasonic measurement process, improve the measurement precision of sound wave time difference and further improve the accuracy of natural gas reservoir compressibility evaluation. The ultrasonic transmitter 2 includes a transmitting probe 21 disposed in the simulated borehole 12 and capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves to one end face of the rock specimen. The ultrasonic receiver 3 includes a first receiving probe 31 and a second receiving probe 32, wherein the first receiving probe 31 is housed in the clip assembly 11 and is connected to one end of the rock sample specimen by a couplant, and the second receiving probe 32 is housed in the clip assembly 11 and is connected to the other end of the rock sample specimen by the couplant. The measurement precision of the acoustic wave time difference can be further improved by matching the transmitting probe 21 with the first receiving probe 31 and the second receiving probe 32, and meanwhile, the first receiving probe 31 and the second receiving probe 32 are connected to the end face of the rock sample specimen through the coupling agent, so that the signal interference in the measurement process can be further reduced, and the accuracy of the evaluation of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir can be further improved.
The foregoing examples were tested and verified by comparison.
The experimental rock sample specimens 1 to 8 are from a Longmaxi reservoir stratum of the guard zone of Hunan province of China, and the rock mechanics parameter method is used for carrying out experiments on the rock sample specimens 1 to 8 by adopting 6 key parameters such as organic matter content TOC, Young modulus, brittle mineral content, Poisson ratio, clay mineral content, ground stress difference coefficient and the like and obtaining the compressibility index FI' of the natural gas reservoir, and then the experimental rock sample specimens 1 to 8 are carried out by the method and the compressibility index FI of the natural gas reservoir is obtained.
The rock sample specimen 1, the rock sample serial number bj1-1, the rock sample depth 2735-2736 m, the sampling direction is horizontal.
The rock sample specimen 2, the rock sample serial number bj1-2, the rock sample depth 2735-2736 m, the sampling direction is horizontal.
The rock sample specimen 4, the rock sample serial number bj1-4, the rock sample degree of depth 2743 ~ 2744m, the direction of sampling is horizontal.
The rock sample specimen 5, the rock sample serial number bj2-1, the rock sample depth 2735-2736 m, and the sampling direction is vertical.
The rock sample specimen 6, the rock sample serial number bj2-2, the rock sample depth 2735-2736 m, the sampling direction is vertical.
The rock sample specimen 7, the rock sample serial number bj2-3, the rock sample depth 2743-2744 m, and the sampling direction is vertical.
The rock sample specimen 8, the rock sample serial number bj2-4, the rock sample depth 2743-2744 m, the sampling direction is vertical.
The test results are shown in Table 1 below
| Rock sample numbering | Depth of rock sample/m | Sampling direction | vp(m/s) | Quartz content (%) | FI | FI＇ |
| bj1-1 | 2735-2736 | Transverse direction | 4507.11 | 44.9 | 0.54 | 0.66 |
| bj1-2 | 2735-2736 | Transverse direction | 4595.46 | 45.9 | 0.55 | 0.67 |
| bj1-3 | 2743-2744 | Transverse direction | 4652.86 | 40.1 | 0.55 | 0.69 |
| bj1-4 | 2743-2744 | Transverse direction | 4710.48 | 40.1 | 0.55 | 0.69 |
| bj2-1 | 2735-3736 | Longitudinal direction | 4382.05 | 45.0 | 0.54 | 0.63 |
| bj2-2 | 2735-3736 | Longitudinal direction | 4477.88 | 45.9 | 0.54 | 0.64 |
| bj2-3 | 2743-2744 | Longitudinal direction | 4735.19 | 40.1 | 0.55 | 0.66 |
| bj2-4 | 2743-2744 | Longitudinal direction | 4726.02 | 40.1 | 0.55 | 0.67 |
Therefore, the method and the device 100 for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir in the embodiment of the invention can accurately evaluate the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, and not only has a simple calculation method and small workload, but also has higher measurement precision and more accurate determination of the compressibility.
In summary, the method and the device 100 for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir provided by the invention can solve the problems of complex calculation method, large workload and long evaluation period of the conventional evaluation method for evaluating the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir, and simultaneously ensure the accuracy of evaluation of the compressibility of the natural gas reservoir.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, fixed connections, removable connections, or integral parts; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily make changes or variations within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed, and such changes or variations should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims. The technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of assessing compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, the method comprising:
step a, preparing a rock sample specimen from the natural gas reservoir;
b, transmitting ultrasonic waves to the rock sample, and acquiring the acoustic time difference delta t required by the ultrasonic waves to pass through the rock sample;
c, according to the acoustic wave time difference delta t and the velocity v of the longitudinal wavepObtaining the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenp；
D, according to the longitudinal wave velocity v of the rock sample specimenpAnd its brittleness with the natural gas reservoirMineral index cfObtaining the brittle mineral index c of the natural gas reservoirf；
Step e, according to the brittle mineral index c of the rock sample specimenfAnd the relation between the natural gas reservoir pressure index and the natural gas reservoir pressure index is obtained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acoustic moveout is related to the compressional velocity by:
where Δ t is the acoustic transit time, μ s;
vp-longitudinal wave velocity, m/s;
l-thickness of rock specimen, μm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the brittle mineral index is related to the longitudinal wave velocity by:
in the formula, cf-index of brittle minerals;
vplongitudinal wave velocity, m/s.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the brittle mineral index cfThe relationship to the compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir is:
where FI-compressibility index of the natural gas reservoir.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rock sample specimen is a cylindrical structure having two end faces with a parallelism of 0.04 mm.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 18 to 20 MHz.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the natural gas reservoir is a shale gas reservoir or a coal bed gas reservoir.
8. An apparatus for evaluating compressibility of a natural gas reservoir, comprising:
the bearing unit is used for bearing and accommodating the rock sample;
the ultrasonic transmitter can transmit ultrasonic waves to the end face of the rock sample specimen;
an ultrasonic receiver capable of obtaining an incident time when the ultrasonic wave is incident on the rock sample and an exit time when the ultrasonic wave is emitted from the rock sample;
a logic operation device capable of implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 with the aid of the ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the carrying unit further comprises a clip assembly for clamping and adhering the rock sample, a simulated wellbore for accommodating the clip assembly and the rock sample, a top cover member for closing one end of the simulated wellbore, and a base member for closing the other end of the simulated wellbore, the ultrasonic transmitter comprises a transmitting probe disposed in the simulated wellbore and capable of transmitting ultrasonic waves to one end surface of the rock sample, and the ultrasonic receiver comprises a first receiving probe and a second receiving probe disposed in the clip assembly and respectively coupled to both ends of the rock sample.
10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the logical operation device is a computer.
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