CN112324437A - Method for improving recovery rate of point-pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method - Google Patents

Method for improving recovery rate of point-pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112324437A
CN112324437A CN202011125373.3A CN202011125373A CN112324437A CN 112324437 A CN112324437 A CN 112324437A CN 202011125373 A CN202011125373 A CN 202011125373A CN 112324437 A CN112324437 A CN 112324437A
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recovery rate
improving
roadway
upward horizontal
concrete
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CN112324437B (en
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赵灵君
胡远
董越权
徐万寿
徐艳方
程传钊
王军
刘晓军
陈浩
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Yuxi Dahongshan Mining Co Ltd
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Yuxi Dahongshan Mining Co Ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/22Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/15Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
    • E21D11/152Laggings made of grids or nettings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00Setting anchoring-bolts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method. The method guides the concrete pouring and supporting mode of the underground roadway engineering to the mining channel area with high caving and roof caving risks caused by concentrated ground pressure in the stope adopting the upward horizontal layered filling method, ensures the use safety of the mining channel through supporting, cancels the detour engineering, saves the cost and time for constructing the detour engineering, improves the recovery rate of ores in the stope, avoids the occurrence of redundant detour engineering and abandonment phenomena in construction, and realizes the full recovery of the ores.

Description

Method for improving recovery rate of point-pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of support, and particularly relates to a method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
Background
The mining of each layer in the stope of the upward layered filling method belongs to a shallow hole shrinkage method, personnel are exposed in a goaf for a long time, problems of mining cutting lane channel caving, roof side cracking, large fault exposure and the like occur due to the increase of ground pressure, complex joint and the like, an opening has to be made to pass through a waste rock section construction bypass and then enter a mining area (as shown in figure 1), the mining cycle time and the engineering quantity are increased, a large amount of waste rocks are easily mixed and are difficult to control, and the construction bypass engineering needs at least more than 30m and needs more than 13 million expenses; part of stopes without detour construction conditions can only abandon mining (as shown in fig. 2), ore abandoning is also a waste of non-renewable resources, and stopes without detour construction conditions usually reach 1000-3000 tons. Therefore, how to improve the recovery rate of the point pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method so as to improve the recovery efficiency and avoid resource waste is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the recovery rate of a point pillar type upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
The invention aims to realize the method for improving the recovery rate of the point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method, and the method adopts a full-section reinforced concrete supporting mode to support the recovery channel so as to release the recovery area of the original abandoned mining.
The full-section reinforced concrete support specifically comprises the following steps:
1) prying: measuring and marking the support point positions of each support section of the stoping channel according to the requirements of a design drawing, and designing the section shape of the roadway support to be a three-center arch shape, wherein the arch height is B/3; prying off pumice on the edge of the top plate of each supporting section, leveling and piling up the bottom plates of equipment and material places, and cleaning up the pumice and sundries;
2) temporary support: according to the situation of surrounding rocks on site, a tunnel is temporarily supported in a manner of a pipe seam type anchor rod, plain jet and a wooden support, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured;
3) constructing an anchor rod: cleaning wall foundations on two sides of a roadway and a roadway bottom plate to a hard bottom, drilling holes according to a design drawing, and respectively inserting a rooting anchor rod and a pile hanging anchor rod into the holes;
4) installing a reinforcing mesh: erecting a reinforcing mesh and welding and connecting the reinforcing mesh with the pile hanging anchor rod;
5) and (3) concrete spraying and pouring: erecting formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway, tightly connecting the formworks to each other to form a closed roadway frame body, and then continuously pouring concrete into the reserved gaps of the top plate formwork until all the formworks are tightly connected to the top, wherein the strength of the concrete is C20;
6) removing the mold and maintaining: and (5) removing the formwork when the strength of the concrete reaches more than 70%, and maintaining after the formwork is removed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method firstly introduces the concrete pouring and supporting mode of the underground roadway engineering to the mining channel area with high caving and caving risks caused by concentrated earth pressure in the stope adopting the upward horizontal layered filling method, ensures the use safety of the mining channel through supporting (see figure 3), cancels the detour engineering, saves the cost and time of constructing the detour engineering, improves the recovery rate of ores in the stope, avoids the phenomena of constructing redundant detour engineering and abandoning mining, and realizes the full recovery of the ores.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a stope area without detour construction conditions in a stope, wherein A is the stope area and C is a closed, broken, caving section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stope entering a stope area avoiding construction detours at a waste rock area, A-a abandoned area, C-a closed broken caving section, and E-a safe detour project avoiding a broken zone;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a recovery area of the method of the present invention, wherein A '-the recovery area is recovered and C' -concrete is poured for support;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a full-section reinforced concrete support mode of the invention.
The method comprises the following steps of 1-rooting anchor rods, 2-hanging anchor rods, 3-three-center arch steel arch center models and 4-reinforcing meshes.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column type upward horizontal layered filling mining method.
The full-section reinforced concrete support specifically comprises the following steps:
1) prying: according to the requirements of a design drawing, measuring and marking the position of a supporting point of each supporting section in a closed crushing and caving section, namely a C area, and designing the section shape of a roadway support to be a three-center arch shape with the arch height of B/3; prying off pumice on the edge of the top plate of each supporting section, leveling and piling up the bottom plates of equipment and material places, and cleaning up the pumice and sundries;
2) temporary support: according to the situation of surrounding rocks on site, a tunnel is temporarily supported in a manner of a pipe seam type anchor rod, plain jet and a wooden support, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured;
3) constructing an anchor rod: cleaning wall foundations on two sides of a roadway and a roadway bottom plate to a hard bottom, drilling according to a design drawing, and respectively inserting a rooting anchor rod 1 and a pile hanging anchor rod 2 into holes;
4) installing a reinforcing mesh: erecting a reinforcing mesh 4 and welding and connecting the reinforcing mesh with the rooting anchor rod 1 and the pile hanging anchor rod 2;
5) and (3) concrete spraying and pouring: erecting formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway, tightly connecting the formworks to each other to form a closed roadway frame body, and then continuously pouring concrete into the reserved gaps of the top plate formwork until all the formworks are tightly connected to the top, wherein the strength of the concrete is C20;
6) removing the mold and maintaining: and (5) removing the formwork when the strength of the concrete reaches more than 70%, and maintaining after the formwork is removed.
In the step 2, the rooting anchor rods 1 and the pile hanging anchor rods 2 are reinforced mortar anchor rods with the diameter phi of 1.2-1.8 m-20 mm, the spacing is 1.2-1.8m, and the anchor rods are exposed by 0.4-0.6 m.
In the step 3, the vertical bars of the reinforcing mesh 4 along the roadway are lapped with the three-arch steel structure die 3.
The manufacturing method of the three-core arch steel structure mold 3 comprises the following steps: and welding a top arch member of the three-arch and independent two-side straight wall members on the ground surface by using 10 # channel steel according to the section size of the standard design tunnel engineering, and transporting to the site to form a frame and assemble the frame and the steel structure section of the integral tunnel frame.
The reinforcing mesh 4 is phi 16 reinforcing steel bars, the mesh degree is 400mm multiplied by 400mm, and the lapping and binding length is not less than 400 mm.
The preparation method of the reinforcing mesh 4 comprises the following steps: and erecting a group of three-arch steel structure moulds 3 every 1.5m in the roadway, anchoring the reinforcing mesh 4 and the surrounding rock by using 1.2-1.8m phi 20 reinforcing mortar anchor rods, anchoring five steel mesh plates at the top, fixing two steel mesh plates on each side of the side wall, arranging 3 inner walls at the row spacing of 1.5m, and overlapping the vertical bars of the reinforcing mesh 4 along the roadway with the three-arch steel structure moulds 3.
The concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: water: medium coarse sand: pebble =1:0.55:1.84: 3.16.
The cement is 32.5R ordinary portland cement, the particle size of the stones is 40-100 mm, and the proportion of the stones in the whole pouring body is less than 15%.
In the step 4, the erecting method of the template is as follows: the whole roadway wall part and the whole roadway top part are subjected to formwork erection by using steel formworks with the length multiplied by the width (1.5 m multiplied by 0.3 m), and are tightly jointed with each other to form a roadway sealing frame body.
In the step 4, the concrete pouring thickness of the arch part is not less than 300 mm; the concrete pouring thickness of the side wall and the end wall is not less than 350 mm.
And the full-section single-layer main and auxiliary steel bars are phi-20 twisted steel bars.
Stopes using a point-column upward horizontal layered filling mining method generally adopt backward stoping, and if a stoping access and a connecting road encounter a caving section and a crushing section, the whole stope which is responsible for the access cannot enter due to safety reasons, so that all ores are lost and discarded. The supporting method provided by the invention treats the potential safety hazard in advance or at the early stage of caving, so that the potential safety hazard is in a safe and stable state, and the supporting method is a fundamental condition for ensuring the normal stoping of a stope.
In addition, in the stope, the forms of anchor bolt support, anchor net-jet combined support and the like are generally adopted, and the functions are as follows: hanging effect, combined beam effect and extrusion reinforcement effect. The method of the invention firstly introduces the full-section reinforced concrete support into a stope, takes the effects of the conventional method into consideration, integrally pours and reinforces the roadway into a whole, has outstanding advantages in the aspects of bearing the ground pressure stress and deformation, preventing the roof from weathering, adjusting the internal stress field of the rock stratum, enabling the roof and the surrounding rock to form the complete rock mass as soon as possible, and the like, and can be used as a method for permanently supporting and protecting the roadway. In the mining method, the stoping gangway and the access road have longer service time and are used as main passages for personnel and equipment to enter and exit, and the method eliminates stoping potential safety hazards after being used and ensures the safety and high efficiency of stoping ores.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
Before construction, a crow trolley or manpower is adopted to clean the pumice stones on the top plate and the side walls in a closed broken collapse section, namely a C area, the wall foundation is cleaned to a bedrock, a pneumatic pick or blasting treatment is adopted to reach a design size when the specification of a local roadway does not meet the design requirement, and construction is carried out strictly according to the technical specification requirement. The surrounding rock condition of the site before the reinforced concrete construction adopts pipe seam type anchor rods, plain jet, wooden supports and other modes as temporary support for the roadway, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured. And (3) after the foundations of the two side walls are cleaned to the hard bottom, constructing a rooting anchor rod 1 and a pile hanging anchor rod 2, wherein the rooting anchor rod 1 and the pile hanging anchor rod 2 are both reinforced mortar anchor rods with the diameter of 1.2m and the diameter of 20mm, the spacing is 1.2m, and the anchor rods are exposed by 0.4 m. And welding a top arch member of the three-arch and independent two-side straight wall members on the ground surface by using 10 # channel steel according to the section size of the standard design tunnel engineering, and transporting to the site to assemble the three-arch steel structure die 3 into an integral tunnel frame steel structure section. A group of three-arch steel structure molds 3 are erected in a roadway at intervals of 1.5m, reinforcing mesh 4 and surrounding rock are anchored by using 1.2-1.8m phi 20 reinforcing mortar anchor rods, the top is five, each side of a side wall is provided with two reinforcing mesh, the inner walls are provided with 3 inner walls, the row spacing is 1.5m, the anchor rods 1 and 2 are fixed with the reinforcing mesh 4, and vertical bars of the reinforcing mesh 4 along the roadway are in lap joint with the three-arch steel structure molds 3. Mixing the sand and the stones according to the mixing proportion of the C20 concrete, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a 350L stirring machine, transporting the mixture to an operation site by using an automobile, and arranging a transporter to transport the cement to a supporting section and stack the cement in order. According to the cement: water: medium coarse sand: mixing the cement with the mixed sand and pebbles in a ratio of stone =1:0.55:1.84:3.16 to prepare concrete, wherein the cement is 32.5R ordinary portland cement, the particle size of the pebbles is 40-100 mm, and the proportion of the pebbles in the whole pouring body is less than 15%. And (3) before concrete pouring, constructing a water outlet in advance according to the condition of the on-site surrounding rock, and embedding an orifice pipe to discharge roadway water. After the steps are completed, steel formworks with the length multiplied by the width (1.5 m multiplied by 0.3 m) are used for erecting the formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway by utilizing steel formworks with the interval of 1.5m, the formworks are mutually and tightly jointed to form a closed roadway frame body, after the steps are completed, surface premixed C20 concrete is filled into on-site supporting and conveying pump equipment, an output pipeline of a conveying pump is directly connected into a reserved gap of the previously closed top plate formwork for continuous concrete pouring until the whole roadway is tightly connected with the top. The pouring thickness of the arch part is 350 mm; the thickness of the side wall and the end wall is 400 mm; and (4) after pouring is finished, removing the formwork until the strength of the concrete reaches 70%, and performing maintenance after the formwork is removed.
Note: besides the formwork supporting process, the operators below the supporting points must be controlled within 3 persons, and the field monitoring of full-time security personnel is arranged.
Mining cost and time efficiency comparison of the present method with conventional methods
The traditional method has the following mining cost: the average 25m of the measures for detouring the project, the mining and cutting cost is 14.27 square meters, 25m, 297 yuan/m for carrying out the heavy planting =10.59 ten thousand yuan, and the construction period needs 15-18 days.
The method of the invention has the following mining cost: the supporting length is 5m, the supporting cost is 3200 yuan/m multiplied by 5=1.6 ten thousand yuan, and the construction period needs 8 days.
In conclusion, the mining method saves mining and cutting cost, only needs to spend little supporting cost, and greatly saves mining cost; in addition, the construction period of the mining method only needs 8 days, which is far shorter than 15-18 days of the traditional method, and the mining efficiency is greatly improved.

Claims (10)

1. A method for improving the recovery rate of a point-column upward horizontal layered filling mining method is characterized in that a full-section reinforced concrete supporting mode is adopted to support a recovery channel so as to release a recovery area of original abandoned recovery.
2. The method for improving the recovery rate of the point pillar type upward horizontal cut-and-fill stoping method according to claim 1, wherein the full-section reinforced concrete support specifically comprises the following steps:
1) prying: measuring and marking the support point positions of each support section of the stoping channel according to the requirements of a design drawing, and designing the section shape of the roadway support to be a three-center arch shape, wherein the arch height is B/3; prying off pumice on the edge of the top plate of each supporting section, leveling and piling up the bottom plates of equipment and material places, and cleaning up the pumice and sundries;
2) temporary support: according to the situation of surrounding rocks on site, a tunnel is temporarily supported in a manner of a pipe seam type anchor rod, plain jet and a wooden support, so that the safety of the operation environment is ensured;
3) constructing an anchor rod: cleaning wall foundations on two sides of a roadway and a roadway bottom plate to a hard bottom, drilling holes according to a design drawing, and respectively inserting a rooting anchor rod and a pile hanging anchor rod into the holes;
4) installing a reinforcing mesh: erecting a reinforcing mesh and welding and connecting the reinforcing mesh with the pile hanging anchor rod;
5) and (3) concrete spraying and pouring: erecting formworks on the wall part and the top part of the whole roadway, tightly connecting the formworks to each other to form a closed roadway frame body, and then continuously pouring concrete into the reserved gaps of the top plate formwork until all the formworks are tightly connected to the top, wherein the strength of the concrete is C20;
6) removing the mold and maintaining: and (5) removing the formwork when the strength of the concrete reaches more than 70%, and maintaining after the formwork is removed.
3. The method for improving the recovery rate of the point pillar type upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the rooting anchor rods and the pile hanging anchor rods are reinforced mortar anchor rods with the diameter phi of 1.2-1.8m and the spacing of 1.2-1.8m, and the anchor rods are exposed by 0.4-0.6 m.
4. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar type upward horizontal cut-and-fill stoping method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 4, the steel bar mesh vertical bars along the roadway are overlapped with the three-arch steel structure mold.
5. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar type upward horizontal cut-and-fill stoping method according to claim 4, wherein the reinforcing mesh is a phi 16 reinforcing steel bar, the mesh size is 400mm x 400mm, and the overlap binding length is not less than 400 mm.
6. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5, the concrete is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: water: medium coarse sand: pebble =1:0.55:1.84: 3.16.
7. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method according to claim 6, wherein the cement is 32.5R ordinary portland cement, the particle size of the stones is 40 mm-100 mm, and the proportion of the stones in the whole casting body is less than 15%.
8. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5, the erection method of the template is as follows: and (3) using steel templates of 1.5m multiplied by 0.3m to perform template assumption on the whole roadway wall part and the top part and tightly joint with each other to form the roadway sealing frame body.
9. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar upward horizontal cut and fill mining method according to claim 2, wherein in the step 5, the concrete pouring thickness of the arch part is not less than 300 mm; the concrete pouring thickness of the side wall and the end wall is not less than 350 mm.
10. The method for improving the recovery rate of the spot pillar type upward horizontal cut-and-fill stoping method according to claim 2, wherein the full-face single-layer main and auxiliary steel bars are phi-20 twisted steel bars.
CN202011125373.3A 2020-10-20 2020-10-20 Method for improving recovery rate of point-column type upward horizontal stratified filling mining method Active CN112324437B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101858217A (en) * 2010-05-18 2010-10-13 中南大学 House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method
CN101892860A (en) * 2010-06-05 2010-11-24 中国矿业大学 Method for entry retaining for walling at sides of road in steel cylinder support mode
CN101975073A (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-02-16 王晓利 Retractable concrete arch and anchor rod combined support system and construction method
CN107130962A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-09-05 西北矿冶研究院 Sublevel caving subsequent cemented filling mining method for thick and large ore body
CN111425205A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-07-17 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 Mining support method for steeply inclined extremely thin ore body

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101975073A (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-02-16 王晓利 Retractable concrete arch and anchor rod combined support system and construction method
CN101858217A (en) * 2010-05-18 2010-10-13 中南大学 House pillar changeable panel upward demix filling mining method
CN101892860A (en) * 2010-06-05 2010-11-24 中国矿业大学 Method for entry retaining for walling at sides of road in steel cylinder support mode
CN107130962A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-09-05 西北矿冶研究院 Sublevel caving subsequent cemented filling mining method for thick and large ore body
CN111425205A (en) * 2020-03-06 2020-07-17 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 Mining support method for steeply inclined extremely thin ore body

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