CN112320958A - Urban inland river self-purification type aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method - Google Patents
Urban inland river self-purification type aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river, which structurally comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorption area, an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area, an amphibious dirt intercepting and embellishing area, a revetment vegetation buffer zone filtering area and a embankment arc-shaped defense and sightseeing area 5. The ecological floating bed is in deep water, and absorbs organic matters in water through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; selecting large-scale emergent aquatic plants to be planted on the shoal of the emergent aquatic shore stagnant-dirt area and adsorbing pollutants in a stagnant manner; the water level amplitude-changing belt at the amphibious sewage interception and embellishing area has the functions of sewage interception and embellishing by planting amphibious plants; the embankment is provided with a vegetation buffer zone to filter pollutants and beautify; the dike top is constructed by special dike protection, the dike is used for fixing the bank and preventing flood, and the dike is used for rest and sightseeing for tourists. The technical scheme of the invention can realize ecological improvement and environmental improvement of urban inland rivers and provide a fresh and pleasant water bank space for urban residents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for urban inland rivers, and belongs to the technical field of urban landscaping and water bank ecological restoration engineering.
Background
With the rapid development of economy and the increasingly accelerated urbanization process in China, the urban population rises rapidly, and the interference of people on urban environment increases day by day. However, the environmental protection infrastructure of most cities in China is seriously lagged behind, the vegetation in the riverbank zone is seriously declined, the water quality of the inland river is gradually deteriorated, and the morphological structure and the ecological function of the urban riverbank which are closely related to the human life are reversely changed. The self-cleaning function of the river bank is seriously weakened, the biodiversity is reduced, the riverbed and the side slope are eroded, the water body pollution is aggravated, the urban image and the daily life of people are seriously influenced, and the life and property safety of people are threatened. Therefore, ecological restoration and environmental protection of the river banks of the urban inland rivers are necessary conditions for guaranteeing urban health and realizing urban sustainable development, and are key projects for improving the urban ecological environment and improving the urban livelihood.
By combining urban environment improvement, inland river regulation projects are started in some domestic large and medium cities, and some tests and researches are carried out. Although these earlier projects dissolve the concepts of nature, ecology and humanity to a certain extent, due to the lack of the integration of the natural background research and advanced technology of the system, the key technologies of plant selection, model structure, community construction and the like in the concrete construction still remain in the low-level application of simple tree planting, grass planting, slope building, embankment protection and bank retention, and the technical defects of improper plant selection, poor community structure, neglect of biodiversity protection and poor landscape structure exist, the diversified functions of the river bank ecosystem are difficult to realize, and the sound of people for creating and ecologically promoting the river landscape in the city still rises.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of the prior art, and provides a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for urban inland rivers, so as to meet the requirements of urban inland river environment improvement and river bank green land landscape improvement in the current urbanization process of China and meet the actual requirements of local residents on river bank environment treatment and urban river water quality improvement.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river is characterized in that a configuration structure of the method comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorbing area (I), an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area (II), an amphibious dirt intercepting and decorating area (III), a slope protection vegetation buffer zone filtering area (IV) and a bank arc protection ornamental area (V) 5;
the ecological floating bed is positioned in river deep water, and organic matters in water are fully absorbed through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; large emergent aquatic plants are planted on the shoal of the emergent aquatic shore stagnant area and are harvested periodically to remove pollutants; the water level amplitude-changing belt at the amphibious sewage intercepting decoration area is used for planting amphibious plants to achieve the functions of dirt stagnation and decoration; the vegetation buffer zone filtering area is arranged on the bank, plays a role in protecting the bank and preventing corrosion, and is also beautified; the arc-shaped embankment revetment pleasure area is reinforced through a special geotechnical structure, and is used for tourists to rest and visit and build bodies.
The ecological floating bed single bodies are designed to be rhombic, are connected in a staggered mode and are fixedly connected through specific screws. The periphery of the floating bed is fixed at the bottom of the river by wooden piles.
Wherein the side length of the single rhombus of the ecological floating bed is 50cm, and the paired internal angles are 60 degrees and 120 degrees respectively.
Wherein, the frame structure of the ecological floating bed is made of bamboo chips, and the built-in net sheets are made of palm rattans by weaving.
And holes with the diameter of 4-5 cm are reserved in the built-in meshes, so that potted plants can be placed and embedded.
Wherein, the potted plant of ecological floating bed field planting has: one or two of fragrant lotus, candelilla, taro, monochoria vaginalis, ixeris sonchifolia hance, oriental alisma orientale and the like.
The large emergent aquatic plants are planted with one or two combinations of oriental cattail, black water chestnut, flowering awn, shallot, Mitsubishi and the like in a natural mode, and the planting width is 5-15 meters vertical to the water shoreline.
Wherein the amphibious plant is selected from one or two of amphibious knotweed, water spinach, windmill grass, paper sand grass, pampas grass, wild rice, silvergrass, water hairy flower, and pig hairy grass.
The amphibious plants are planted in specific planting grooves, the planting grooves are mutually embedded with the planting grooves and fixedly connected with the revetment in an overlapping mode, and the fact that the river bank is not loose due to corrosion prevention is guaranteed.
Wherein, specific planting groove monomer appearance is the horse ear shape, and two wing tip halves are recessed for accept upper portion and plant the groove, plant the groove and match the gomphosis each other after being fixed in the bank protection.
The vegetation buffer zone is located above the water level amplitude changing area, consists of a plurality of strip-shaped vegetation zones, is arranged in parallel to a river bank line, and is used for intercepting river bank pollutants.
The plants in the vegetation buffer zone are amorpha fruticosa, gardenia jasminoides ellis, European red daphne wood, Hibiscus manihot, willow, goose mao bamboo and the like, the planting mode is strip-shaped close planting, 3-4 rows are planted in each zone, the row spacing is 3-5 meters, and ornamental grass is laid between rows.
The arc-shaped defense sightseeing area is a continuous arc wall built by stones around the bank, climbing plants are densely planted on the outer side of the arc wall, arc-shaped guardrails are installed at the top of the arc wall, isolated-view trees are planted by filling soil in the arc, and porous water-permeable bricks are laid on the ground.
Wherein the bending diameter of the arc wall is 2.5-3 m, and the thickness is 30-45 cm.
Wherein the climbing plant is any 1 or two of Ficus pumila and Hedera helix.
The guardrail is formed by in-situ processing, assembling and splicing stainless steel, the height of a finished product is 1.4-1.6 m, and the gap between grids is not higher than 15 cm.
Wherein the QINGJINGJIAOMUSHU is one of precious tree species such as Cinnamomum camphora, Salix babylonica, Acer buergerianum, Zelkova, hackberry, and Ulmus parvifolia, and has the requirements of satisfactory tree shape, no damage to whole crown, upright trunk shape, and height below 1.5 m.
The porous water seepage brick is a specially-made rhombic brick, the outer edge of the porous water seepage brick is 25-30 cm long, the inner length of the porous water seepage brick is 8-10 cm, and the thickness of the porous water seepage brick is 5-8 cm.
Wherein, the porous water-permeable brick is prepared by mixing cement, yellow sand, gravel and water according to a certain proportion.
The invention provides a self-cleaning type aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river, which comprises the following construction steps:
has the advantages that:
1. according to the method, the ecological restoration theory is introduced into the river bank treatment engineering, green plants with different biological characteristics are introduced through the pattern division and the function division according to local conditions, and an ecological restoration mode which is compact in structure, attractive in appearance and beneficial to growth and settlement of hygrophytes is created for the river bank zone in the city by using ingenious configuration measures;
2. the method effectively overcomes the defects that the hardness of the river bank of the urban inland river is too high, the plants are difficult to survive and the landscape is too single-plate, creates a microenvironment for the survival of the aquatic plants on the premise of ensuring the good soil-fixing and corrosion-preventing functions of the river bank, is favorable for the growth and the multiplication of the stationary plants, improves the greening rate, the preservation rate and the beautiful landscape degree of the slope surface, and realizes the diversification of the functions of the ecological system of the urban river bank;
3. the urban inland river ecological river bank constructed according to the method can provide a fresh and pleasant rest space for urban residents while remarkably improving the urban inland river water quality and the river environment quality, and embodies the remarkable characteristics of ecology, green supplementation, health maintenance and people benefiting.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an ecological restoration structure design;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ecological floating bed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a slope planting trough structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a slope planting groove matching and embedding manner;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an arc-shaped embankment top-view structure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a porous brick;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a floor installation pattern of porous bricks.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not, nor should they limit the invention as detailed in the claims.
As shown in figure 1, the configuration structure of the urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorption area I, an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area II, an amphibious dirt intercepting decoration area III, a slope protection vegetation buffer zone filtering area IV and a bank arc protection ornamental area V.
The ecological floating bed 1 is positioned at the deep water of a river, and fully absorbs organic matters in water through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; a large emergent aquatic plant 8 is selected to be planted on a shallow land in the emergent aquatic shore stagnant area II, and the emergent aquatic plant is harvested periodically to remove pollutants; the amphibious sewage intercepting decoration area III is a water level amplitude varying zone, an amphibious plant 3 is planted, and the functions of sewage stagnation and decoration are achieved; the vegetation buffer zone filtering area IV is arranged on the bank, plays a role in protecting the bank and preventing corrosion and is also beautified; the arc-shaped embankment protection touring area V is used for reinforcing the embankment through a special geotechnical structure, and is used for tourists to have a rest and a sight, and building bodies.
Wherein, the shape of the ecological floating bed 1 monomer is designed to be diamond (figure 2), the side length is 50cm, and the paired internal angles are 60 degrees and 120 degrees respectively; the single bodies are connected in a staggered mode and fixed through special screws. The frame construction of floating bed is bamboo chip 12, and built-in net piece 13 is formed for the palm rattan weaving system, and built-in net piece 13 leaves the hole 14 of diameter 4 ~ 5cm, supplies potted plant to put and inlays living, and potted plant kind has: one or two of herba Menthae, candelilla, rhizoma Steudnerae Henryanae, herba Ixeritis Denticulatae, and Oriental Alismatis rhizoma; the periphery of the floating bed is fixed on the river bottom by wooden piles 11.
The emergent aquatic and coastal stagnant area II is used for realizing water quality improvement by planting large emergent aquatic plants 8 in a natural mode, the planted emergent aquatic plants 8 comprise one or two combinations of oriental cattail, black water chestnut, flowering awn, shallot, mitsubishi and the like, and the planting width is 5-15 meters vertical to the water bank line.
The amphibious plant 3 in the amphibious pollutant intercepting decorated area III is planted in a specific planting groove 2, the appearance of a single body of the planting groove 2 is horse ear-shaped (figure 3), half parts of two wings 22 of the planting groove 2 are concave 23 and are used for bearing the planting groove 2 at the upper part, the planting groove 2 is matched and embedded with each other in two ways, one way is that the end part of the planting groove 2 at the upper part is lapped on two wings of the planting groove 2 at the lower part and is matched and embedded with each other (figure 4 a); the other is that the paired planting grooves 2 are relatively embedded and paired up and down, and the paired chimeras are laid on the revetment in parallel (fig. 4 b).
The amphibious plant 3 can be one or two of amphibious knotweed, water spinach, windmill grass, paper sand grass, pampas grass, wild rice, silvergrass, water hairy flower, pig hairy grass and the like.
The vegetation buffer zone 4 is located above the water level amplitude variation area III, consists of a plurality of strip-shaped vegetation zones, is arranged in parallel to a river bank line, and is used for intercepting river bank pollutants. The planting method is that the plants are amorpha fruticosa, gardenia jasminoides, European red daphne wood, Himalayan teasel root, Chinese tamarisk, goose moso bamboo and the like, the planting mode is strip-shaped close planting, 3-4 rows are planted in each strip, the row spacing is 3-5 meters, and ornamental grass is paved among the rows.
The arc-shaped defense sightseeing area V is built into a continuous arc wall 5 by using rubbles around the embankment, the bending diameter of the arc wall is 2.5-3 m, and the thickness of the arc wall is 30-45 cm; climbing plants are densely planted outside the arc wall 5, and an arc guardrail 6 is installed at the top of the arc wall; the arc wall 5 is filled with soil to plant an isolated landscape arbor 7 (figure 5), and special porous water permeable bricks are paved on the ground (figure 6).
The guardrail 6 is formed by in-situ processing, assembling and splicing of stainless steel, the height of a finished product is 1.4-1.6 m, and the gap between grids is not higher than 15 cm.
Wherein the climbing plant species is any one or two combinations of Ficus pumila and Hedera helix; the solitary landscape arbor 7 is one of precious tree species such as camphor, weeping willow, maple, zelkova, hackberry, garden burnet and the like, and is required to have a full tree shape, no damage to the whole crown, upright dry shape and a height below 1.5m below the branches.
The porous water-permeable brick is a specially-made rhombic brick, and the manufacturing materials are cement, yellow sand, gravel and water which are mixed and blended according to a certain proportion. The manufacturing size of the water seepage brick is that the outer edge 9 is 25-30 cm long, the inner edge 10 is 8-10 cm long, the thickness is 5-8 cm, and the center of a finished product is provided with a diamond hole for planting and beautifying.
The construction steps provided by the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a thought and a method for an urban inland river ecological appreciation revetment structure, and a plurality of methods and ways for realizing the technical scheme are provided, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be noted that for a person skilled in the art, a plurality of improvements and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the invention, and the improvements and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the invention. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (20)
1. A self-cleaning aquatic plant configuration and ecological restoration method for an urban inland river is characterized in that a configuration structure of the method comprises an ecological floating bed dirt absorbing area (I), an emergent aquatic shore dirt retention area (II), an amphibious dirt intercepting and decorating area (III), a slope protection vegetation buffer zone filtering area (IV) and a bank arc protection ornamental area (V) 5;
the ecological floating bed is positioned in river deep water, and organic matters in water are fully absorbed through a special floating bed design, so that a pioneer effect of purifying a water body is achieved; large emergent aquatic plants are planted on the shoal of the emergent aquatic shore stagnant area and are harvested periodically to remove pollutants; the water level amplitude-changing belt at the amphibious sewage intercepting decoration area is used for planting amphibious plants to achieve the functions of dirt stagnation and decoration; the vegetation buffer zone filtering area is arranged on the bank, plays a role in protecting the bank and preventing corrosion, and is also beautified; the arc-shaped embankment revetment pleasure area is reinforced through a special geotechnical structure, and is used for tourists to rest and visit and build bodies.
2. The method for self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration in urban rivers according to claim 1, wherein the ecological floating bed single bodies are designed to be diamond-shaped in shape, the single bodies are connected in a staggered manner and fixed through specific screws, and the periphery of the floating bed is fixed to the river bottom through wood piles.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the side length of the single rhombuses of the ecological floating bed is 50cm, and the interior angles in pairs are 60 ° and 120 °, respectively.
4. The method for configuring and ecologically restoring urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plants according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the frame structure of the ecological floating bed is made of bamboo chips, and the built-in net sheets are made of palm rattans by weaving.
5. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland rivers according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the built-in net piece is provided with holes with the diameter of 4-5 cm for potted plants to be arranged and embedded.
6. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland rivers according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the potted plants planted in the ecological floating bed are one or two combinations of fragrant lotus, candlelight, taro, monochoria vaginalis, ixeris sonchifolia, oriental waterplantain rhizome and the like.
7. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the large emergent aquatic plants are planted with one or a combination of two of Typha orientalis, Trapa nigra, Miscanthus floridulus, Scirpus validus, Miscanthus tricuspidatus and the like in a natural manner, and the planting width is 5-15 meters perpendicular to the water bank line.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amphibian plants are selected from one or two of Polygonum hydropiper, swamp spinach, Sasa albo-marginata, Passiflora hybrida, Zizania latifolia, Amaranthus mangostachys, Salicomia Herbacea, and Salicomia Herbacea.
9. The method for self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration of the urban inland river according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the amphibious plants are planted in specific planting troughs, and the planting troughs are mutually embedded and fixedly lapped with a revetment to ensure that the river bank is not corroded and loosened.
10. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland rivers according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the specific planting groove is in the shape of a horse ear, the half parts of the two wing ends are concave for receiving the upper planting groove, and the planting grooves are matched and embedded with each other and then fixed on the revetment.
11. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant allocation and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation buffer zone is located above the water level amplitude variation region, is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped vegetation zones, is arranged in parallel to a river bank line, and is used for river bank pollutant interception.
12. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the inland river of the city according to claim 1 or 11, wherein the plants in the vegetation buffer zone are selected from amorpha fruticosa, gardenia jasminoides, cerrena excelsa, coriaria sinica, salix purpurea, and phyllostachys pubescens, the planting mode is strip-shaped close planting, 3-4 rows are planted in each zone, the row spacing is 3-5 m, and ornamental grass is paved among the rows.
13. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the inland rivers in the city according to claim 1, wherein the arc-shaped defense sightseeing area is a continuous arc wall built by rubbles around a bank, climbing plants are densely planted outside the arc wall, an arc guardrail is installed at the top of the arc wall, an arc-shaped landscape tree is planted in an arc filled with soil, and porous water permeable bricks are laid on the ground.
14. The method for urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration according to claim 13, wherein the curved wall has a curved diameter of 2.5-3 m and a thickness of 30-45 cm.
15. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 13, wherein the climbing plant is any one or a combination of Ficus pumila and Hedera helix.
16. The method for arranging and ecologically restoring the self-cleaning aquatic plants in the urban inland river according to claim 13, wherein the guardrail is made of stainless steel through in-situ processing, assembling and splicing, the height of a finished product is 1.4-1.6 m, and the gap between grids is not higher than 15 cm.
17. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the solitary landscape arbor is one of precious trees such as camphor, weeping willow, maple, zelkova, hackberry, hammer elm, etc., and is required to have a round, full crown without damage, upright trunk, and a height below 1.5 m.
18. The method for urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration according to claim 13, wherein the porous water-permeable brick is a special diamond-shaped brick with an outer edge length of 25-30 cm, an inner edge length of 8-10 cm and a thickness of 5-8 cm.
19. The method for self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration of the urban inland rivers according to claim 13 or 18, wherein the porous brick is made of cement, yellow sand, gravel and water which are mixed and blended according to a certain proportion.
20. The urban inland river self-cleaning aquatic plant arrangement and ecological restoration method according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113047223A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction method |
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| CN105256766A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Ecology-simulated water bank protection slope structure |
| CN107059788A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of city inland river ecology reward scape bank protection structure |
| CN107935184A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-20 | 南京大学 | A kind of method for building the small-sized more phenological type aquatic vegetation buffer belts in river |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105256766A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Ecology-simulated water bank protection slope structure |
| CN107059788A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-18 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of city inland river ecology reward scape bank protection structure |
| CN107935184A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-20 | 南京大学 | A kind of method for building the small-sized more phenological type aquatic vegetation buffer belts in river |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113047223A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-29 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | Urban polluted river slope renovation and ecological barrier construction method |
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