CN112319251A - Electric automobile quick charging circuit and control method - Google Patents
Electric automobile quick charging circuit and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112319251A CN112319251A CN202011423407.7A CN202011423407A CN112319251A CN 112319251 A CN112319251 A CN 112319251A CN 202011423407 A CN202011423407 A CN 202011423407A CN 112319251 A CN112319251 A CN 112319251A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a quick charging circuit of an electric automobile and a control method, wherein the quick charging circuit of the electric automobile comprises a change-over switch, a direct charging branch, a vehicle-mounted charger branch and a battery pack, wherein the change-over switch is connected with an external charging pile, and the direct charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch is selected to charge the battery pack; the control method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, connecting a charging pile with a direct charging branch, and charging a battery pack through the direct charging branch; then disconnecting the direct charging branch, connecting the charging pile with a vehicle-mounted charger branch, and charging the battery pack through the vehicle-mounted charger branch; on the basis of the design of a conventional charger, a small number of devices are added, and the vehicle-mounted charger is used for fully charging the residual electric quantity, so that a user does not need to manually switch a slow charging pile, and a boosting part does not need to be added to the whole vehicle; has the advantages of simple and practical operation, simple circuit structure and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electric automobiles, in particular to a circuit and a control method for quickly filling an electric automobile by utilizing the conventional module to distribute power and upgrading the conventional design at a low cost.
Background
The maximum output voltage of the quick-charging pile in the current market is 750V, and the full power of a power battery of a large-sized electric automobile such as a bus and a public bus is 785V. The two strategies of domestic and foreign chargers are that firstly, after the battery is charged to 750V, the battery is not charged. Secondly, a boosting module is added in the quick charge loop to boost the voltage to 800V or above, and the short part of the electric quantity is fully charged. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing that a charging pile at home and abroad charges a new energy vehicle at present, and during slow charging, Alternating Current (AC) generated by the charging pile is processed into direct current (HV) through a charging module to charge a power battery. When the quick charging is carried out, the charging pile generates direct current (HV) to directly charge the power battery, and a boosting module is added on part of products to ensure that the power battery can be fully charged when the quick charging is carried out.
The two schemes have the defects that the first scheme affects customer experience, the second scheme is high in cost, weight and space occupation are increased, and the effect is only to fill 36V electricity, so that most manufacturers select the first scheme without processing.
Therefore, how to design a charging circuit with fast charging, simple operation, simple structure and low cost is an urgent technical problem to be solved in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a quick charging circuit of an electric vehicle and a control method.
The technical scheme includes that the quick charging circuit of the electric automobile comprises a change-over switch, a direct charging branch, a vehicle-mounted charger branch and a battery pack, wherein the change-over switch is connected with an external charging pile, and the direct charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch is selected to charge the battery pack.
The direct charging branch is a direct current bus.
The vehicle-mounted charger branch adopts one of Vienna, a totem pole, a bridge PFC and a bridgeless PFC.
The charging pile can be a direct-current charging pile, and the direct-current charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch can be switched on by the change-over switch. When the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts a PFC module with two bridge arms, the output positive pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of one bridge arm in the PFC module, and the output negative pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of the rest bridge arm in the PFC module; when the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts a PFC module with three bridge arms, the output positive pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle points of two bridge arms in the PFC module, and the output negative pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of the rest bridge arm in the PFC module.
The charging pile can also be an alternating current charging pile, and the switch only gates the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger.
The invention also designs a control method of the electric automobile quick charging circuit, wherein the electric automobile quick charging circuit is adopted in the quick charging circuit, and the control method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, connecting a charging pile with a direct charging branch, and charging a battery pack through the direct charging branch; and then disconnecting the direct charging branch, connecting the charging pile with the vehicle-mounted charger branch, and charging the battery pack through the vehicle-mounted charger branch.
The direct charging branch is used for charging the battery pack, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 750V, the direct charging branch is disconnected again, the vehicle-mounted charger branch is used for charging the battery pack, and when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 800V, the charging is finished.
The direct charging branch is used for charging the battery pack, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches the maximum charging voltage of the charging pile, the direct charging branch is disconnected and the vehicle-mounted charger branch is used for charging the battery pack, and when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 100% of the rated voltage of the battery pack, the charging is finished.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
on the basis of the design of a conventional charger, a small number of devices are added, and the vehicle-mounted charger is used for fully charging the residual electric quantity, so that a user does not need to manually switch a slow charging pile, and a boosting part does not need to be added to the whole vehicle; has the advantages of simple and practical operation, simple circuit structure and low cost.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to examples and figures, in which:
FIG. 1 is a prior art circuit diagram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a three-phase AC voltage waveform diagram;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the current trend when a branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts three bridge arms of the PFC module AC input;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the current trend when a branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts three bridge arms for the direct current input of the PFC module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the bottleneck of the background technology, the invention adds the change-over switch on the premise of increasing the cost as little as possible, and utilizes the boosting of the original vehicle-mounted charger to realize the purpose of fully charging the power battery.
The invention discloses a quick charging circuit of an electric automobile, which comprises a change-over switch, a direct charging branch, a vehicle-mounted charger branch and a battery pack, wherein the change-over switch is connected with an external charging pile, and the direct charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch is selected to charge the battery pack. In a preferred embodiment, the direct charging branch is a direct current bus.
The technical scheme in fig. 2 is to remove the boosting device in fig. 1 and change the boosting device into a direct charging branch.
When the charging is carried out, the charging pile is connected with the direct charging branch, the battery pack is charged quickly through the direct charging branch, the direct charging branch is disconnected when the battery pack is nearly fully charged, the charging pile is connected with the vehicle-mounted charger branch, the battery pack is charged slowly through the vehicle-mounted charger branch, and the vehicle-mounted charger branch can increase the voltage to charge the residual capacity until the battery pack is fully charged.
The vehicle-mounted charger branch circuit can adopt one of topologies including but not limited to Vienna, totem pole, bridge PFC and bridgeless PFC. The present invention is applicable to any switching power supply topology that can be inputted by HV, and is not limited to the three-phase circuit exemplified in this application.
In a preferred embodiment, the charging pile is a direct current charging pile, and the switch can switch on the direct charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch.
When the voltage of the battery pack is low, the direct charging branch is gated by the change-over switch, and the charging pile directly charges the battery pack through HV 200V-750.
When the voltage of the battery pack is 750V, the voltage is 35V away from the full-charge voltage 785V of the battery, the change-over switch is controlled to switch the line of the charging pile to the vehicle-mounted charger, and the vehicle-mounted charger raises the quick-charge voltage 750V to 800V to charge the battery.
Depending on the capacity of a conventional battery, a 35V voltage is charged at about 3.5 degrees (KWh).
If the vehicle carries a 22KW vehicle-mounted charger. When the battery is charged for 3.5 degrees, the power consumption is as follows:
。
if the vehicle carries a 44KW vehicle-mounted charger. When the battery is charged for 3.5 degrees, the power consumption is as follows:
。
the battery pack can be fully charged by increasing the original charging time by 5-10 min, and the cost is only one pair of high-voltage relays and corresponding power distribution copper bars, which is far more cost-effective than the installation of one set of boosting equipment. And one set of equipment is reduced, namely, one failure risk point is reduced, and the reliability of the whole vehicle is improved.
In one embodiment that the charging pile is a direct-current charging pile, the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts a PFC module with two bridge arms; the output positive pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of one bridge arm in the PFC module, and the output negative pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of the rest bridge arm in the PFC module.
In another embodiment (see fig. 4 and 5) in which the charging pile is a direct current charging pile, the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts a PFC module with three legs; the output positive pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle points of two bridge arms in the PFC module, and the output negative pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of the rest one bridge arm in the PFC module.
Feasibility analysis of the AC port input HV voltage:
the charging module needs to be rectified to work after AC input, and can be input by HV theoretically.
Taking the example of a three-phase AC input, as shown in fig. 3, is a three-phase voltage waveform. Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit in which L2 and L3 currents flow in and L1 current flows out when a branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts PFC modules of three bridge arms. Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit in which L1 and L2 currents flow in and L3 current flows out when a branch of a vehicle-mounted charger adopts three-leg PFC modules.
When three-phase input is performed, three pipes work alternately, as shown in fig. 4, a charger branch adopts three-arm PFC modules, input current is an AC current trend, at this time, when the three-phase input is at a point a in fig. 3, the three-phase input is in a state where L1 and L2 current flow in and L3 current flows out (dotted arrows), and the next state is a point B, L2 flows in and L1 and L3 flow out (solid line head drop). Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the current trend when a branch of the vehicle-mounted charger adopts three bridge arms for direct current input of the PFC module.
The alternating cycles form a DC voltage across the capacitor, which is used as the post-stage DCDC input. And the DCDC is boosted to charge the power battery.
In order to improve the compatibility of the invention, when the charging pile is an alternating current charging pile, the selector switch only gates the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger.
In a preferred embodiment, the switch is a high voltage relay.
A control method of a quick charging circuit of an electric automobile is provided, wherein the quick charging circuit adopts the quick charging circuit of the electric automobile, and the control method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, connecting a charging pile with a direct charging branch, and charging a battery pack through the direct charging branch; and then disconnecting the direct charging branch, connecting the charging pile with the vehicle-mounted charger branch, and charging the battery pack through the vehicle-mounted charger branch.
The direct charging branch is used for charging the battery pack, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 750V, the direct charging branch is disconnected again, the vehicle-mounted charger branch is used for charging the battery pack, and when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 800V, the charging is finished.
The direct charging branch is used for charging the battery pack, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches the maximum charging voltage of the charging pile, the direct charging branch is disconnected and the vehicle-mounted charger branch is used for charging the battery pack, and when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 100% of the rated voltage of the battery pack, the charging is finished.
The foregoing examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. Any equivalent modifications or variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application should be included in the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The quick charging circuit of the electric automobile is characterized by comprising a change-over switch, a direct charging branch, a vehicle-mounted charger branch and a battery pack, wherein the change-over switch is connected with an external charging pile, and the direct charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch is selected for charging the battery pack.
2. The electric vehicle quick charging circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the direct charging branch is a direct current bus.
3. The electric vehicle quick-charging circuit according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle-mounted charger branch adopts one of Vienna, totem pole, bridge PFC and bridgeless PFC.
4. The electric vehicle quick charging circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the charging pile is a DC charging pile, and a switch can switch on the DC charging branch or the vehicle-mounted charger branch.
5. The electric vehicle quick-charging circuit according to claim 4, wherein the vehicle-mounted charger branch adopts a PFC module with two bridge arms; the output positive pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of one bridge arm in the PFC module, and the output negative pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of the rest bridge arm in the PFC module.
6. The electric vehicle quick-charging circuit according to claim 4, wherein the vehicle-mounted charger branch employs a PFC module having three bridge arms; the output positive pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle points of two bridge arms in the PFC module, and the output negative pole of the direct current charging pile is connected with the middle point of the rest one bridge arm in the PFC module.
7. The electric vehicle quick charging circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the charging pile is an AC charging pile, and the selector switch only gates the branch of the vehicle-mounted charger.
8. A control method of a quick charge circuit of an electric automobile is characterized in that the quick charge circuit adopts the quick charge circuit of the electric automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the control method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, connecting a charging pile with a direct charging branch, and charging a battery pack through the direct charging branch;
and then disconnecting the direct charging branch, connecting the charging pile with the vehicle-mounted charger branch, and charging the battery pack through the vehicle-mounted charger branch.
9. The method for controlling the quick charging circuit of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 8, wherein the battery pack is charged through the direct charging branch, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 750V, the direct charging branch is disconnected again, the battery pack is charged through the on-board charger branch, and when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 800V, the charging is finished.
10. The method for controlling the quick charging circuit of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 8, wherein the battery pack is charged through the direct charging branch, when the voltage of the battery pack reaches the maximum charging voltage of the charging pile, the direct charging branch is disconnected and the battery pack is charged by using the on-board charger branch, and when the voltage of the battery pack reaches 100% of the rated voltage of the battery pack, the charging is finished.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011423407.7A CN112319251A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Electric automobile quick charging circuit and control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011423407.7A CN112319251A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Electric automobile quick charging circuit and control method |
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| CN112319251A true CN112319251A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
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| CN202011423407.7A Pending CN112319251A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Electric automobile quick charging circuit and control method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113595179A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-02 | 河南利威新能源科技有限公司 | Battery system and charging method |
-
2020
- 2020-12-08 CN CN202011423407.7A patent/CN112319251A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113595179A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-02 | 河南利威新能源科技有限公司 | Battery system and charging method |
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