CN112314864A

CN112314864A - Production method of high GABA rice

Info

Publication number: CN112314864A
Application number: CN202011316574.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汪东; 周声华; 魏传志; 吕慧慧; 袁爱荣; 蔡明�
Original assignee: Hubei Peifeng Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Peifeng Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-23
Filing date: 2020-11-23
Publication date: 2021-02-05

Abstract

The invention provides a production method of high GABA rice, which comprises eight steps of material preparation, impurity removal, nutrient solution preparation, nutrient adjustment, cultivation, micro-gelatinization, drying, shelling, rice milling and embryo extraction, wherein rice and nutrient solution are prepared for material preparation, impurities on the surface of the rice are removed in the impurity removal process for three times, and a clean vessel is taken and poured in sequence when the nutrient solution is prepared: water, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, xylanase and glutamic acid decarboxylase, and stirring for 5-10 minutes by a handheld stirring rod at the speed of 30 circles per minute. By adopting the method, four series of nutrient rice, namely the nutrient brown rice, the high-precision nutrient rice, the germ rice and the nutrient rice germ can be obtained, the color and the taste of the finished rice are optimized and improved to a great extent, and the appetite of eaters can be better generated. The invention is rich in GABA, dietary fiber, inositol, vitamins, minerals, anthocyanin and other nutrient components, and is more beneficial to the health of people in eating.

Description

Production method of high GABA rice

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a production method of high GABA rice.

Background

Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a naturally occurring functional amino acid, is an important inhibitory nerve conduction substance, and is present in a small amount in the brain and bone marrow of mammals; in addition, the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid is small in both vegetables and fruits. Gamma-aminobutyric acid plays a very important role in neuromodulation in the life activities of animals as one of important inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brains of animals, and the physiological functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid mainly comprise the following aspects: (1) the traditional Chinese medicine composition has the functions of reducing blood pressure, (2) resisting arrhythmia, (3) performing neurotrophic effect, (4) regulating secretion of hormone, (5) preventing skin aging and brain aging, promoting alcohol metabolism, improving sleep, treating uremia and CO poisoning and the like.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid is widely distributed in the nature and exists in most animals and plants, but the content of the gamma-aminobutyric acid is extremely low, the content level of the gamma-aminobutyric acid in general plant tissues is generally 0.3-32.5 mu mol/g, the gamma-aminobutyric acid is mainly generated along with the anabolic process of the animals and plants, and the gamma-aminobutyric acid is a stress response to the external stress. Because the content of the gamma-aminobutyric acid in the natural food is less, the requirement of the human body on the gamma-aminobutyric acid cannot be met at all by only depending on the intake of the gamma-aminobutyric acid from the natural food.

Germinated rice contains abundant nutrients, and has higher protein, fat, vitamin B1 and vitamin E than rice, and phytate (IP-6) therein has strong antioxidant ability, and is helpful for treating kidney calculus, reducing cholesterol and blood lipid, and resisting cancer; gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has effects of improving cerebral blood circulation, regulating blood pressure, tranquilizing nerve, etc., especially germinated rice completely activated by enzyme has effects of lowering blood pressure, stabilizing nerve, improving kidney and liver functions, and inhibiting cancer cells. Selenium can prevent and inhibit tumor, resist aging, maintain normal function of cardiovascular system, and prevent arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Selenium deficiency can cause keshan disease and large bone disease, and can also induce cataract, liver disease and pancreatic disease, etc. The selenium-enriched germinated rice can be used as raw materials of selenium-supplementing health food and medicines, raw materials for enriching selenium nutrient in nutrition-enriched food, other products needing enriched selenium nutrient, etc.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), anthocyanin, isoflavone, calcium and the like are indispensable nutrients for human bodies, have important physiological functions, and play important roles in reducing blood pressure, preventing cardiovascular diseases, improving liver and kidney functions and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provide a method for producing high GABA rice.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for producing high GABA rice comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing materials; preparing 100 parts of paddy and 500 parts of nutrient solution 200-;

s2, removing impurities

Removing impurities on the surface of the paddy rice in the third impurity removal process;

s3, preparing nutrient solution

Taking a clean vessel and pouring the materials in sequence: stirring the mixture by using water, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, xylanase and glutamic acid decarboxylase for 5-10 minutes at the speed of 30 circles per minute by using a handheld stirring rod, and then preserving heat for 20-35 minutes under the condition of water bath at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain a component A;

another clean vessel is taken and poured in sequence: stirring for 8-12 minutes at a stirring speed of 1200 circles per minute by using a stirrer, and then preserving heat for 40-55 minutes under a water bath condition at a temperature of 25-35 ℃ to obtain a component B;

the component A and the component B are mixed according to the proportion of 1: mixing the raw materials in a proportion of 1, and adjusting the pH value to 3.5-4 by using acetic acid to obtain a nutrient solution;

s4, regulation of nutrition

Flatly paving the grains subjected to impurity removal on a screen, intermittently placing the screen in the nutrient solution, and taking out; the total soaking time of the grains is 1.5-2 hours, the grains are completely dried and then vacuumized, the pressure of a sealed stirring tank is 0.08-0.1 MPa, and after stirring for 10 minutes, a grain classifier is used for dispersing the grains adhered together, namely, the nutrition adjusting step is completed, and the grains are waited for culturing;

s5, culture

Stacking the soaked grains in a culture pond for germination acceleration, stabilizing the temperature of the culture pond at 32-35 ℃ during culture, keeping the temperature, closely paying attention to the culture condition of the grain stack during culture, stopping culture when the chest-breaking rate of grain germination reaches 85%, and forming germinated rice after the grain culture is finished;

s6, micro-gelatinization

Steaming the germinated rice prepared in the step 5 at high temperature, wherein the germinated rice is placed in a non-pressure container and steam at 100 ℃ is introduced during steaming, the steaming time is 5-10 min, so that the surface of the rice is gelatinized, and the rice is taken out when the whole rice is in a half-cooked state;

s7, drying: carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the slightly gelatinized rice to ensure that the moisture is less than 15%, and then gradually recovering the dried rice to the room temperature;

s8, hulling, rice milling and embryo extraction: hulling the paddy by using a huller under the pressure of 30-40N to obtain nutritional brown rice; then milling with a rice mill to obtain high-precision nutritious rice or rice with remained embryo, and separating rice bran and rice embryo mixture produced by the rice mill with a 1-5 stage cyclone separator to obtain nutritious rice embryo;

completing the preparation of the high GABA rice product.

In the production method of the high GABA rice, the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

100 parts of water, 0.4-2 parts of sodium selenite, 0.3-1.8 parts of methionine, 10.05-0.2 part of vitamin B, 20.05-0.2 part of vitamin B, 0.05-0.15 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.2-1 part of phytase, 0.2-1.5 parts of cellulase, 0.1-1 part of xylanase, 0.1-1.5 parts of glutamate decarboxylase, 0.01-0.04 part of sodium metavanadate and 0.04-0.06 part of sodium citrate;

wherein the ratio of the water content of the component A to the water content of the component B is 4: 6. .

In the above-mentioned method for producing rice with high GABA content, the step 4 is to immerse the grains completely when the screen is placed in the nutrient solution; the time for immersing the screen into the nutrient solution every time is 8-10 minutes, and the time interval for immersing the screen into the nutrient solution every two times is 30-40 minutes in winter, 8-10 minutes in summer, and 15-20 minutes in spring and autumn.

In the above-mentioned method for producing rice with high GABA, the culturing process of step 5 is different in the operating steps when the average daily temperature is different, and is expressed as:

when the daily average temperature is lower than 10 ℃, stacking the soaked grains in a culture pond for accelerating germination, stabilizing the temperature of the culture pond at 32-35 ℃ and keeping the temperature, closely paying attention to the culture condition of the grain stack during culture, turning over the grains when the germination chest-breaking rate of the grains is 40-60% to keep the germination consistency of the inside and the outside of the grain stack, stopping culture when the germination chest-breaking rate of the grains reaches 85%, and forming the germinated rice after the grain culture is finished;

when the daily average temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the soaked grains are stacked in a culture pond for culture, soft heat-insulating materials are covered on the grain stacks, the temperature of the culture pond is stabilized at 32-35 ℃ and kept during culture, the culture condition of the grain stacks is closely concerned during culture, the grain stacks are turned over when the germination and breast-breaking rate of the grains is 60-70% to keep the germination consistency of the inside and the outside of the grain stacks, the culture is stopped until the germination and breast-breaking rate of the grains reaches 85%, and the grain culture is finished to form the germinated rice.

In the above method for producing rice with high GABA, the step of removing impurities comprises the following steps:

primary impurity removal: removing impurities from grains, and screening out dust, leaf shells, straws, stones and immature particles in the grains;

secondary impurity removal: washing the primarily impurity-removed grain rice with clear water to further remove impurities and foreign matters in the rice;

final impurity removal: washing grains with ozone water for 2 times, and washing with tap water for 2 times to obtain impurity-removed grains.

In the production method of the high GABA rice, the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.8 part of sodium selenite, 0.8 part of methionine, 10.1 parts of vitamin B, 20.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.6 part of phytase, 1.0 part of cellulase, 0.8 part of xylanase, 0.7 part of glutamate decarboxylase, 0.02 part of sodium metavanadate and 0.04 part of sodium citrate.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. by adopting the method, four series of nutrient rice, namely the nutrient brown rice, the high-precision nutrient rice, the germ rice and the nutrient rice germ can be obtained, the color and the taste of the finished rice are optimized and improved to a great extent, and the appetite of eaters can be better generated. The health-care rice is rich in GABA, dietary fiber, inositol, vitamins, minerals, anthocyanin and other nutritional ingredients, and is more beneficial to the health of people in eating;

2. the method has the advantages of simple operation, short production period, small equipment investment and high yield, the GABA content of the produced germinated wheat grains is high, the loss of GABA contained in the prepared GABA-rich germinated wheat grains is very small after the prepared GABA-rich germinated wheat grains are further dried, the GABA-rich germinated wheat grains can be directly eaten after being cooked, and the GABA-rich germinated wheat grains can also be used as important raw materials and auxiliary materials for food processing and can be widely applied to rice and flour products and sauce products, so that functional food rich in GABA is processed. The applicant's experiments on the applicability study of the nutritional rice with various formulas also prove that GABA in the wheat grain sauce prepared by the invention can still keep a stable content after being processed, which shows that the GABA prepared by the invention has good stability. The preparation method and the product of the invention can meet the requirements of market production, and have better market potential and wide application prospect;

3. when the rice germinates, the rice husk can protect the brown rice from being broken, meanwhile, the rice husk also contains rich nutrients, the obtained biological active ingredients such as GABA and the like are higher than those of the pure brown rice germinate, the germination length is 2-4 mm, the length is proper, the rice husk germinates, and is beneficial to the later-stage shelling and embryo extraction operations, and meanwhile, the rice has the highest biological activity and the content of GABA is high in the germination state;

4. the nutrition of the rice can be improved by adjusting the nutrition in the preparation process. The composite nutrient solution is adopted for germination, and the content of active ingredients such as gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rice roll can be improved through pressure reduction treatment, the phytic acid content in grains is degraded, and the absorption by a human body is facilitated. Vacuum infiltration is beneficial to small molecular substances such as enzyme degradation products and the like to enter the interior of the rice grains, anaerobic treatment is beneficial to promoting tricarboxylic acid circulation, and higher GABA is generated;

5. After the soaking and micro-gelatinization treatment, the brown rice with higher hulling rate can be obtained by only adopting smaller rice hulling pressure (30-40N), the rice crushing rate and the energy consumption are reduced, and the ridge rice pressure which is usually adopted in the prior art is not required to be 50-70N, so that the pressure is small, the rice crushing rate is high, and the energy consumption is high.

Detailed Description

The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example one

A method for producing high GABA rice comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing materials; preparing 100 parts of paddy and 200-500 parts of nutrient solution;

s2, removing impurities

s3, preparing nutrient solution

Taking a clean vessel and pouring the materials in sequence: water, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, xylanase and glutamic acid decarboxylase, stirring for 8 minutes at the speed of 30 circles per minute by a handheld stirring rod, and then preserving heat for 25 minutes under the condition of water bath at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain a component A;

another clean vessel is taken and poured in sequence: stirring for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 1200 circles per minute by using a stirrer, and then preserving heat for 45 minutes under the condition of 35 ℃ water bath to obtain a component B;

the component A and the component B are mixed according to the proportion of 1: mixing at a ratio of 1, and adjusting pH to 3.5 with acetic acid to obtain a nutrient solution;

s4, regulation of nutrition

Flatly paving the grains subjected to impurity removal on a screen, intermittently placing the screen in the nutrient solution, and taking out; the total soaking time of the grains is 1.5 hours, the grains are completely dried and then vacuumized, the pressure of a sealed stirring tank is 0.08MPa, the grains are stirred for 10 minutes and then dispersed by a classifier, and the nutrition adjusting step is completed and the cultivation is waited;

s5, culture

s6, micro-gelatinization

Steaming the germinated rice prepared in the step 5 at high temperature, putting the germinated rice into a non-pressure container during steaming, introducing steam at 100 ℃, wherein the steaming time is 8min, so that the surface of the rice is gelatinized, and the whole rice is taken out when the rice is in a half-cooked state;

s8, hulling, rice milling and embryo extraction: hulling rice with a huller under 30N to obtain nutritional brown rice; then milling with a rice mill to obtain high-precision nutritious rice or rice with remained embryo, and separating rice bran and rice embryo mixture produced by the rice mill with a 1-5 stage cyclone separator to obtain nutritious rice embryo;

completing the preparation of the high GABA rice product.

The nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

100 parts of water, 0.8 part of sodium selenite, 0.8 part of methionine, 10.1 parts of vitamin B, 20.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.6 part of phytase, 1.0 part of cellulase, 0.8 part of xylanase, 0.7 part of glutamate decarboxylase, 0.02 part of sodium metavanadate and 0.04 part of sodium citrate;

wherein the ratio of the water content of the component A to the water content of the component B is 4: 6.

step 4, when the screen is placed in the nutrient solution, the grains are completely immersed; the time for immersing the screen into the nutrient solution every time is 9 minutes, and the time intervals for immersing the screen into the nutrient solution every two times are 35 minutes in winter, 8 minutes in summer, 15 minutes in spring and autumn.

The culture process of step 5 is different in operation steps when the average daily temperature is different, and the operation steps are respectively expressed as follows:

when the daily average temperature is lower than 10 ℃, stacking the soaked grains in a culture pond for accelerating germination, stabilizing the temperature of the culture pond at 35 ℃ and keeping the temperature, closely paying attention to the culture condition of the grain stack during culture, turning over the grains until the germination and breast-breaking rate of the grains is 40 percent to keep the germination consistency of the inside and the outside of the grain stack, stopping culture when the germination and breast-breaking rate of the grains reaches 85 percent, and forming the germinated rice after the grain culture is finished;

when the daily average temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the soaked grains are stacked in a culture pond for culture, soft heat-insulating materials are covered on the grain stacks, the temperature of the culture pond is stabilized at 35 ℃ and kept during culture, the culture condition of the grain stacks is closely concerned during culture, the grain germination chest-breaking rate is turned over when 60 percent of the grain germination chest-breaking rate is kept to keep the internal and external germination consistency of the grain stacks, the culture is stopped until the grain germination chest-breaking rate reaches 85 percent, and then the grain culture is finished to form the germinated rice.

The impurity removing step comprises the following processes:

Example two: effect of nutrient adjustment on the quality of nutrient rice

The preparation method of the nutritional rice is as in example 1, the formula of the nutritional liquid is shown in table 2, and the influence of the nutritional regulation on the quality of the nutritional rice is shown in table 3.

TABLE 2 formulation of nutrient solutions

Component name	Formulation 1	Formulation 2	Formulation 3	Formulation 4	Formulation 5	Formulation 6
							Sodium selenite	1	1	1	1	1	2
Methionine	1	0.3	0.3	1	1	1.5
							Vitamin B1	0.1	0.1	0.05	0.1	0.1	0.2
Vitamin B2	0.1	0.1	0.05	0.1	0.1	0.2
							Naphthylacetic acid	0.05	0.05	0.1	0.1	0.15	0.15
Phytase	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.2	0.5	1
							Cellulase enzymes	1	1	1	1	0.2	1.5
Xylanase	0.5	0.1	0.6	0.8	0.7	1
							Glutamate decarboxylase	1	1	1	1	0.1	1.5
Citric acid	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.04
							Citric acid sodium salt	0.046	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.06	0.06

Note: 100 parts of water.

TABLE 3 nutritional rice quality for each formula

Index (I)	Formulation 1	Formulation 2	Formulation 3	Formulation 4	Formulation 5	Formulation 6	Control (common rice)
								Sensory quality (Rice)	8	8	8	8	7	7	7
Sensory quality (Rice)	9	9	9	9	7	7	6
								Color	9	9	9	9	8	8	7
Fragrance	9	9	9	9	8	7	6
								Reducing sugar content, g	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	4.5	3.3
Soluble protein content, mg	160	160	173	175	175	178	115
								Dietary fiber, g	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	3.8
GABA,mg	277	280	291	286	289	291	2.8
								Phytic acid, mg	220	220	220	220	220	220	578
Fatty acid value, mgKOH/100g	25.16	25.24	25.35	24.67	25.64	25.86	20.86
								VB1,mg	0.47	0.51	0.45	0.43	0.41	0.51	0.26
VB2,mg	0.09	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.08	0.02
								Inositol, mg	125	126	127	119	120	116	590
Mineral, mg	11.8	11.2	10.9	10.4	10.6	11.3	7.9

The control group is rice obtained by adopting the process of the invention, but the nutrient solution only contains water and does not contain other substances.

As can be seen from table 2, the rice treated with the nutrient solution had high content of nutrients after germination, but the nutritional rice obtained with higher content (formula 5-6) of enzymes and acids had poor sensory quality, so an appropriate nutrient solution formula (formula 1-4) should be selected in combination with sensory and nutritional quality.

Example three: influence of milling on quality of nutritious rice and rice with remained germ

The preparation method is as in example 1, and the influence of rice milling on the quality of the germ-remaining rice is shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 influence of Rice milling on the quality of the embryo-left rice (unit: per 100g)

Index (I)	The invention	Blank space	3 times of rice milling and 1 time of polishing	2-path rice milling and 2-path polishing	Control
						Sensory quality (Rice)	9	8	8	8	9
Color	8	8	8	8	9
						Fragrance	0.9	0.1	0.85	0.8	1
Dietary fiber, g	0.9	0.1	0.85	0.8	1
						GABA,mg	296	295	298	284	305
Phytic acid, mg	240	1.9	224	240	230
						Inositol, mg	140	0.2	135	125	133
Embryo remaining rate,%	85	5	6	5	100
						Broken rice rate%	5	19	16	14	0
Power consumption, KWh/ton (Rice milling)	13	45	50	53	0

Note: the control was brown rice (no milling and polishing). The embryo remaining rate of more than 80 percent can be called embryo remaining rice. The blank is conventional rice milling without the procedures of germination and the like, and 1-step rice milling and 1-step polishing are carried out. After the invention process, 1-step rice milling and 1-step polishing are carried out.

As can be seen from Table 6, the embryo-remaining rice can be obtained by 1-time rice milling and 1-time polishing, the times of rice milling and polishing are too many, the embryo-remaining rate is low, the rice breaking rate and the power consumption are high, and the quality requirements of the embryo-remaining rice are not met.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing high GABA rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s2, removing impurities

s3, preparing nutrient solution

s4, regulation of nutrition

s5, culture

s6, micro-gelatinization

completing the preparation of the high GABA rice product.

2. The method for producing rice with high GABA according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:

3. the method for producing rice with high GABA according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 is to immerse the grains completely when the screen is put in the nutrient solution; the time for immersing the screen into the nutrient solution every time is 8-10 minutes, and the time interval for immersing the screen into the nutrient solution every two times is 30-40 minutes in winter, 8-10 minutes in summer, and 15-20 minutes in spring and autumn.

4. A method of producing rice with high GABA content according to claim 1, wherein the culturing in step 5 is carried out at different daily average temperatures by the following steps:

5. The method for producing rice with high GABA according to claim 1, wherein the impurity removing step comprises the following steps:

6. The method for producing rice with high GABA according to claim 2, wherein the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of water, 0.8 part of sodium selenite, 0.8 part of methionine, 10.1 parts of vitamin B, 20.1 parts of vitamin B, 0.1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 0.6 part of phytase, 1.0 part of cellulase, 0.8 part of xylanase, 0.7 part of glutamate decarboxylase, 0.02 part of sodium metavanadate and 0.04 part of sodium citrate.