CN112312106B - Projected image color correction method based on color space conversion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a projected image color correction method based on color space conversion, which belongs to the field of virtual reality projected image processing, and provides a scheme for adjusting the brightness of an overlapping region based on the brightness and chromaticity separation correction of a Lab space and the gamma correction of a B spline aiming at the problems that the brightness and the chromaticity are mutually influenced in the color correction and the brightness correction effect of a multi-projection overlapping region is not ideal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of virtual reality projection image processing, in particular to a projection image color correction method based on color space conversion.
Background
Virtual reality technology is an important development subject in the twenty-first century and is also one of important technologies affecting people's lives. The virtual reality technology research content relates to a plurality of fields, uses the computer as the basis, uses high-tech means to promote vision, sense of hearing, touch effect by a wide margin with the mode of imitating, makes the user produce the sensation of immersing in virtual environment. In recent years, as computer technology has advanced, virtual reality technology has also advanced rapidly. The dome screen projection system is a completely immersive VR display system, and because the system can enlarge the visual angle of a user, provide all-around observation, bring a better visual field range and a stronger sense of presence, the system has become one of the popular directions of research in the technical field of home and abroad virtual reality. A good multi-projection system should have good picture consistency and high reality, but due to a series of problems such as uneven projection screen color, uneven projection environment light, inconsistent projector model and the like, the brightness and chromaticity of a projection picture can be changed, and the brightness of a projection overlapping area is too high, so that the presented picture is not real, and user experience is affected.
Nowadays, there are some multi-projection color correction methods, which use the RGB space more than needed, and perform gamma correction on the overlapped area only for a single luminance value, but perform color correction in the RGB space, the luminance and the chrominance are not separated, interfere with each other, and affect the accuracy of correction, and perform gamma correction on a single luminance value, and affect the accuracy of correction under other luminance conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a projection image color correction method based on color space conversion, which comprises the steps of converting an RGB color space into a Lab color space, respectively correcting the brightness and the chromaticity, and constructing a cubic B-spline curve to determine respective gamma coefficients of different brightness values to adjust the brightness of an overlapping area.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for correcting colors of a projected image based on color space conversion comprises the following steps:
step 1) converting a picture of an RGB color space into a Lab color space, and respectively and independently extracting three channels L, a and b in the Lab color space, wherein the channel L represents the brightness of a pixel, and the channels a and b respectively represent the chroma of the pixel;
step 2) generating an intensity image color sample set P of three channels L, a and b in Lab color space respectivelyL、Pa、Pb；
Step 3) respectively using each projector to collect color sample sets P of three channels L, a and bL、Pa、PbAll the color samples in the image are projected to a screen independently, a camera is used for shooting projection pictures in sequence, effective areas of the projection pictures in an image shooting space are extracted respectively through three channels L, a and b, and a set of color intensity average values in the effective areas of the three channels L, a and b is calculated;
step 4) obtaining the conversion relation between the shooting space and the brightness and the chroma of the original image through a cubic B-spline curve;
step 5) verifying whether the color correction is ideal: respectively calculating color intensity difference values of an L channel, an a channel and a b channel of the projection pictures, and if the intensity difference value is larger than 5, repeating the step 2), the step 3) and the step 4); if the intensity difference is less than or equal to 5, performing step 6);
step 6) respectively obtaining the conversion relation between the brightness and the chromaticity of each projector shooting space of the L channel and the original image according to the step 4), and enabling the color of the L channelSet of samples PLRespectively projecting all the color samples to a screen and shooting by a camera;
step 7) projecting adjacent projection images simultaneously, wherein the brightness of the overlapped area of the projection images is higher than that of the non-overlapped area, comparing the brightness values of the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area in the shooting space, and collecting the color sample P of the L channelLSelecting respective gamma coefficients of all the color samples;
step 8) adjusting the brightness of the overlapping area by adopting an attenuation function, constructing a cubic B-spline curve according to the gamma coefficient corresponding to each L value to determine the respective gamma coefficients of different brightness values, and performing brightness and color correction on the overlapping area of the projection picture;
step 9) verifying whether the brightness fusion effect is ideal: if the color intensity difference value between the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture in the step 8) is more than 5, repeating the step 6), the step 7) and the step 8) until the color intensity difference value between the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture in the step 8) is less than or equal to 5, and finishing the correction process.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the intensity image color sample set P of the L channel in the step 2)LThe generation process is as follows: the color intensity values of the channel a and the channel b are both 128, and the actual value range of the channel L on the OpenCV is [0,255%]Respectively generating 18 images of the L channel on the OpenCV at uniform intervals of 15; a-channel intensity image color sample set PaThe generation process is as follows: the color intensity values of the L channel and the b channel are both 128, and the actual value range of the a channel on the OpenCV is [0,255]]Respectively generating 18 images of a channel on OpenCV at uniform intervals of 15; intensity image color sample set P for b-channelbThe generation process is as follows: the color intensity values of the L channel and the a channel are both 128, and the actual value range of the b channel on the OpenCV is [0,255]]At regular intervals 15, 18 images of the b-channel are generated on the OpenCV, respectively.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step 3), the respective 18 images of the three channels L, a, and b are projected to the screen separately by the projectors, the projection images are sequentially captured by the cameras, the effective area of the projection image in the imaging space is obtained by using an OpenCV contour detection function, and a set of color intensity average values in the respective 18 projection image effective areas of the three channels L, a, and b is calculated by using an OpenCV software program.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step 4), the conversion relationship between the shooting space and the brightness and the chromaticity of the original image can be accurately obtained through a cubic B-spline curve, as shown in the following formula:
wherein, Pi,3The intensity value of the original image L or a or b channel; t is an element of [0,1 ]]Representing the intensity value of a channel corresponding to a projection picture in a shooting space; k is 0,1,2, 3; pi+kEach control point of the B spline curve; fk,3(t) represents a B-spline basis function, as shown in the following equation:
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the attenuation function in the step 8) is shown as follows:
wherein x is the horizontal coordinate of the overlapping area, the left edge of the image overlapping area is 0, and the right edge is 1.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the gamma coefficient in the step 8) is shown as the following formula:
γ＝B(LP)，
wherein L isPGamma is gamma coefficient corresponding to different intensity values;
giving a gamma coefficient to perform gamma correction as shown in the following formula:
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the brightness and color correction expression of the overlapped area of the projection pictures in the step 8) is shown as the following formula:
PI＝BC(PI1)+g(BC(PI2))，
in the formula, PIRepresenting a pixel point color intensity set after the color of the projected image is pre-distorted; pI1Expressing the ideal value set of the color intensity of the projection image corresponding to the pixel points in the non-overlapping area of the projection image; pI2Expressing an ideal value set of color intensity of a projection image corresponding to a pixel point in an overlapping area of the projection image; b isC() And an expression of cubic B-spline curve transformation for three channels of L, a and B is shown.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. the invention ensures the accuracy of color correction, and experimental results show that compared with an RGB color space, the color correction is carried out in the Lab color space through a B spline curve, the color intensity difference of three channels R, G, B between projection pictures is not large, but the color intensity difference of three channels L, a and B is reduced, thereby proving the feasibility of the Lab color space in realizing the color correction of a projection system;
2. the invention ensures the accuracy of color correction, and experimental results show that compared with an RGB color space, the color correction is carried out in the Lab color space through a B-spline curve, the color intensity difference of three channels R, G, B between projection pictures is not large, but the color intensity difference of three channels L, a and B is reduced, and the feasibility of realizing the color correction of a projection system in the Lab color space is proved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exemplary graph of a cubic B-spline curve;
FIG. 3 is a simulated view of a projection screen before color correction;
fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of a projection screen after color correction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, which performs color correction on the projected image by using OpenCV on a Windows operating system, specifically includes the following steps:
step 1), converting an image of an RGB color space into an Lab color space, wherein in the Lab color space, the brightness is separated from the chroma, an L component only represents the brightness of a pixel, the theoretical value range is [0,100], a and b components only represent the chroma of the pixel, and the value range is [ -128,127], but not the value range on practical application software, so that three channels L, a and b in the Lab color space are respectively and independently extracted, and the practical value range of the three channels L, a and b on OpenCV is [0,255 ];
step 2), setting the color intensity values of a and b to be 128, respectively generating 18 images with L values of 0, 15, 30, … …, 240 and 255, and setting the color sample set as PLSimilarly, let L and b have 128 color intensity values, generate 18 images with L values of 0, 15, 30, … …, 240, and 255, and let the color sample set be PaSimilarly, let L and a have 128 color intensity values, generate 18 images with b values of 0, 15, 30, … …, 240, and 255, and let the color sample set be Pb；
Step 3), respectively and independently projecting 18 images of the L, a and b channels to a screen by using each projector, sequentially shooting a projection picture by using a camera, obtaining an effective area of the projection picture by using an OpenCV (open circuit vehicle) contour detection function, and respectively calculating a set of average values of colors of each channel in the effective area of the L, a and b channel projection picture by using an OpenCV software program in order to avoid the influence of factors such as non-Lambert attribute of the screen, projection environment and the like;
and 4) accurately obtaining the conversion relation between the shooting space and the brightness and the chroma of the original image through a cubic B-spline curve, wherein the B-spline curve is a curve for performing sectional correction on an independent variable through a control point and is shown as the following formula:
wherein, Pi,3The intensity value of the original image L or a or b channel; t is an element of [0,1 ]]Representing the intensity value of a channel corresponding to a projection picture in a shooting space; k is 0,1,2, 3; pi+kEach control point of the B spline curve; fk,3(t) represents a B-spline basis function, as shown in the following equation:
obtaining the control point of the B-spline curve through the formula so as to determine the conversion relation of the B-spline curve;
step 5) verifying whether the color correction is ideal: if the color correction result is not ideal, namely the color intensity difference of L channel, a channel or B channel between the projection pictures is more than 5, repeating the operations of the step 2), the step 3) and the step 4), obtaining the control point again to perform color correction B-spline curve transformation until the color intensity difference of L channel, a channel and B channel between the projection pictures is less than or equal to 5, and then performing the step 6); the meaning of each other is that the difference of the L channels and the difference of the A channels of different projection pictures and the difference of the B channels of different projection pictures are repeatedly selected;
step 6), respectively obtaining the conversion relation between the brightness and the chromaticity of the shooting space of each projector of the L channel and the original image according to the step 4), and collecting the color sample P of the L channelLRespectively projecting all the color samples to a screen and shooting by using a camera, wherein the projection pictures of 18 images on an L channel have mutually overlapped areas, and the shooting space determines the brightness values of the overlapped areas and the non-overlapped areas of the projection pictures;
step 7) projecting the adjacent projection images simultaneously, wherein the brightness of the overlapped area of the projection images is higher than that of the non-overlapped area, and the overlapped area in the shooting space is used for carrying out simultaneous projectionColor sample set P for L channel compared with brightness value of non-overlapped regionLSelecting respective gamma coefficients of all the color samples;
step 8) adjusting the brightness of the overlapping area by adopting an attenuation function and gamma correction, wherein the attenuation function is shown as the following formula:
wherein x is the horizontal coordinate of the overlapping area, the left edge of the image overlapping area is 0, and the right edge is 1.
According to the comparison of the brightness values of the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area in the shooting space, respective gamma coefficients are respectively selected for 18 images of the L channel, and a cubic B-spline curve is constructed according to the gamma coefficient corresponding to each L value to determine the respective gamma coefficients of different brightness values, as shown in the following formula:
γ＝B(LP)，
wherein L isPGamma is gamma coefficient corresponding to different intensity values;
giving a gamma coefficient to perform gamma correction as shown in the following formula:
the projection picture overlap region luminance color correction expression is as follows:
PI＝BC(PI1)+g(BC(PI2))，
in the formula, PIRepresenting a pixel point color intensity set after the color of the projected image is pre-distorted; pI1Expressing the ideal value set of the color intensity of the projection image corresponding to the pixel points in the non-overlapping area of the projection image; pI2Expressing an ideal value set of color intensity of a projection image corresponding to a pixel point in an overlapping area of the projection image; b isC() Expressing an expression for carrying out cubic B spline curve transformation on three channels of L, a and B;
step 9) verifying whether the brightness fusion effect is ideal: if the color intensity difference value between the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture in the step 8) is more than 5, repeating the step 6), the step 7) and the step 8) until the color intensity difference value between the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture in the step 8) is less than or equal to 5, and finishing the correction process.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
for the verification of the color correction result, comparing the color correction result of the RGB space with the color correction result of the Lab space, and respectively comparing the color intensity difference values of the RGB three channels and the Lab three channels of the projection picture, wherein the comparison result is shown in the following table:
| color channel | R | G | B | L | a | b |
| Color intensity difference value after RGB space processing | 4.32 | 3.11 | 3.23 | 5.14 | 6.28 | 6.42 |
| Color intensity difference value after Lab space processing | 3.17 | 3.12 | 2.89 | 2.21 | 3.13 | 4.01 |
For the verification of the brightness adjustment result, comparing the traditional gamma correction result of the RGB space with the B-spline curve fusion gamma correction result of the Lab space, and respectively comparing the color intensity difference values of RGB three channels and Lab three channels between the overlapped region and the non-overlapped region of the projection picture, wherein the comparison result is shown in the following table:
| color channel | R | G | B | L |
| Color intensity difference value of traditional gamma correction of RGB space | 6.12 | 5.44 | 5.32 | 8.48 |
| Lab space B spline curve fusion gamma correctionPositive color intensity difference value | 3.23 | 3.18 | 3.54 | 3.58 |
The experimental result shows that compared with the RGB space, the color correction is carried out in the Lab space through the B-spline curve, the color intensity difference of three channels R, G, B between projection pictures is not large, but the color intensity difference of three channels L, a and B is reduced; compared with the traditional gamma correction method of the RGB space, the brightness adjustment is carried out through the B-spline curve in the Lab space, the color intensity difference of R, G, B three channels and L channel in the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture is reduced, and the feasibility of the method on color correction and brightness adjustment is proved.
Claims (7)
1. A method for correcting colors of a projected image based on color space conversion is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1) converting a picture of an RGB color space into a Lab color space, and respectively and independently extracting three channels L, a and b in the Lab color space, wherein the channel L represents the brightness of a pixel, and the channels a and b respectively represent the chroma of the pixel;
step 2) generating an intensity image color sample set P of three channels L, a and b in Lab color space respectivelyL、Pa、Pb；
Step 3) respectively using each projector to collect color sample sets P of three channels L, a and bL、Pa、PbAll the color samples in the image are projected to a screen independently, a camera is used for shooting projection pictures in sequence, effective areas of the projection pictures in an image shooting space are extracted respectively through three channels L, a and b, and a set of color intensity average values in the effective areas of the three channels L, a and b is calculated;
step 4) obtaining the conversion relation between the shooting space and the brightness and the chroma of the original image through a cubic B-spline curve;
step 5) verifying whether the color correction is ideal: respectively calculating color intensity difference values of an L channel, an a channel and a b channel of the projection pictures, and if the intensity difference value is larger than 5, repeating the step 2), the step 3) and the step 4); if the intensity difference is less than or equal to 5, performing step 6);
step 6) respectively obtaining the conversion relation between the brightness and the chroma of the shooting space of each projector of the L channel and the original image according to the step 4), and collecting the color sample P of the L channelLRespectively projecting all the color samples to a screen and shooting by a camera;
step 7) projecting adjacent projection images simultaneously, wherein the brightness of the overlapped area of the projection images is higher than that of the non-overlapped area, comparing the brightness values of the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area in the shooting space, and collecting the color sample P of the L channelLSelecting respective gamma coefficients of all the color samples;
step 8) adjusting the brightness of the overlapping area by adopting an attenuation function and according to the color sample set P of each L channelLConstructing cubic B-spline curves by the gamma coefficients of all the color samples to determine the respective gamma coefficients of different brightness values, and performing brightness and color correction of the overlapped area of the projection image;
step 9) verifying whether the brightness fusion effect is ideal: if the color intensity difference value between the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture in the step 8) is more than 5, repeating the step 6), the step 7) and the step 8) until the color intensity difference value between the overlapped area and the non-overlapped area of the projection picture in the step 8) is less than or equal to 5, and finishing the correction process.
2. The method of claim 1 for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, wherein: the intensity image color sample set P of the L channel in the step 2)LThe generation process is as follows: the color intensity values of the channel a and the channel b are both 128, and the actual value range of the channel L on the OpenCV is [0,255%]Respectively generating 18 images of the L channel on the OpenCV at uniform intervals of 15; a-channel intensity image color sample set PaThe generation process is as follows: make the colors of L channel and b channel strongThe values are all 128, the actual value range of the a channel on OpenCV is [0,255%]Respectively generating 18 images of a channel on OpenCV at uniform intervals of 15; intensity image color sample set P for b-channelbThe generation process is as follows: the color intensity values of the L channel and the a channel are both 128, and the actual value range of the b channel on the OpenCV is [0,255]]At regular intervals 15, 18 images of the b-channel are generated on the OpenCV, respectively.
3. The method of claim 2 for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, wherein: in the step 3), the respective 18 images of the three channels L, a, and b are projected to the screen separately by the projectors, the projection images are sequentially captured by the cameras, the effective area of the projection image in the imaging space is obtained by using an OpenCV contour detection function, and a set of color intensity average values in the respective 18 projection image effective areas of the three channels L, a, and b is calculated by using an OpenCV software program.
4. The method of claim 3 for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, wherein: in the step 4), the conversion relationship between the shooting space and the brightness and the chromaticity of the original image can be accurately obtained through a cubic B-spline curve, as shown in the following formula:
wherein, Pi,3The intensity value of the original image L or a or b channel; t is an element of [0,1 ]]Representing the intensity value of a channel corresponding to a projection picture in a shooting space; k is 0,1,2, 3; pi+kEach control point of the B spline curve; fk,3(t) represents a B-spline basis function, as shown in the following equation:
5. the method of claim 4 for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, wherein: the attenuation function in the step 8) is shown as follows:
wherein x is the horizontal coordinate of the overlapping area, the left edge of the image overlapping area is 0, and the right edge is 1.
6. The method of claim 5 for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, wherein: the gamma coefficient in the step 8) is shown as the following formula:
γ＝B(LP)，
wherein L isPGamma is the gamma coefficient corresponding to different intensity values;
gamma correction is performed by giving a gamma coefficient as shown in the following formula:
7. the method of claim 6 for color correction of a projected image based on color space conversion, wherein: the brightness and color correction expression of the overlapped area of the projection pictures in the step 8) is shown as the following formula:
PI＝BC(PI1)+g(BC(PI2))，
in the formula, PIRepresenting a pixel point color intensity set after the color of the projected image is pre-distorted; pI1Expressing the ideal value set of the color intensity of the projection image corresponding to the pixel points in the non-overlapping area of the projection image; pI2Expressing an ideal value set of color intensity of a projection image corresponding to a pixel point in an overlapping area of the projection image; b isC() Three B-samples for the three channels L, a and B are shownAnd (4) expression of bar curve transformation.
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