CN112311244A - Power conversion control circuit containing integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication - Google Patents
Power conversion control circuit containing integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN112311244A CN112311244A CN202011221167.2A CN202011221167A CN112311244A CN 112311244 A CN112311244 A CN 112311244A CN 202011221167 A CN202011221167 A CN 202011221167A CN 112311244 A CN112311244 A CN 112311244A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power conversion control circuit containing integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication, which comprises a high-frequency transformer, wherein the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with a power conversion input circuit, and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with a power conversion output circuit; the power conversion input circuit comprises a power switch tube circuit, a voltage sampling circuit and a primary side control unit, the power conversion output circuit comprises a rectification output circuit, a charging capacitor circuit, an output feedback circuit and a secondary side control unit, and a high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is used for realizing electrical isolation between the primary side control unit and the secondary side control unit and realizing a communication link between the primary side control unit and the secondary side control unit. The invention does not need peripheral elements such as an optical coupler and the like, realizes the dynamic regulation of the output voltage, has zero simultaneous opening of the primary side and the secondary side, and has the advantages of reducing the system cost, simplifying the system application, having good dynamic response and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of integrated circuits related to power conversion control circuits, and particularly relates to a power conversion control circuit with integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication.
Background
With the rapid development of technologies such as mobile phone fast charging, the flyback switching power supply is widely applied in the fast charging field due to the simple application structure and low cost. The control technology of the flyback switching power supply comprises primary side feedback control and secondary side feedback control. The primary side feedback control means that an output signal is coupled to a primary side through a winding at the flyback and demagnetization stage of the transformer for sample holding, and the feedback signal has a period of time delay, so that the defects that the dynamic response of a system is poor, the output voltage cannot be dynamically adjusted and the like exist. The secondary side feedback control means that an output signal passes through an error amplifier, an amplified analog signal is transmitted to a primary side through an optical coupler, and the output signal is fed back in real time, so that the system has good dynamic response, the output voltage can be dynamically adjusted, and the requirement of quick charging of a mobile phone can be met.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a power conversion control circuit that employs isolated communication with integrated high voltage capacitors.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power conversion control circuit with integrated high-voltage capacitive isolation communication, comprising:
the high-frequency transformer circuit comprises a high-frequency transformer and a power conversion output circuit, wherein the high-frequency transformer is used for voltage conversion transmission in power conversion, the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the power conversion input circuit, and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the power conversion output circuit;
the power conversion input circuit comprises a power switch tube circuit, a voltage sampling circuit and a primary side control unit, wherein the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the voltage sampling circuit through the power switch tube circuit, and the power switch tube circuit and the voltage sampling circuit are respectively and electrically connected with the primary side control unit;
the power conversion output circuit comprises a rectification output circuit, a charging capacitor circuit, an output feedback circuit and a secondary side control unit, wherein the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the rectification output circuit, the rectification output circuit is electrically connected with the output feedback circuit through the charging capacitor circuit, and the rectification output circuit, the output feedback circuit and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer are respectively electrically connected with the secondary side control unit;
and the high-voltage capacitor circuit comprises a high-voltage capacitor and is used for realizing electrical isolation between the primary side control unit and the secondary side control unit and realizing a communication link between the primary side control unit and the secondary side control unit.
In addition, the embodiment according to the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
the primary side control unit includes:
the oscillator module is used for providing a working pulse oscillation signal in the primary side control unit;
the selector is used for receiving the working pulse oscillation signal output by the oscillator module and receiving the communication signal transmitted by the high-voltage capacitor circuit;
the first trigger is used for receiving the output signal of the selector, the output end of the first trigger is electrically connected with the power switch tube circuit,
the primary side frequency control reference module is used for receiving an output signal of the output end of the first trigger; outputting a corresponding reference voltage signal according to the change frequency of the output signal of the first trigger;
the first comparator is used for comparing the received reference voltage signal output by the primary side frequency control reference module with the sampling result of the voltage sampling circuit, and the obtained comparison result is output to the reset input end of the first trigger;
and the second trigger is used for receiving the communication signal transmitted by the high-voltage capacitor circuit and outputting a triggering result to the control end of the selector from the output end of the second trigger.
The secondary side control unit includes:
the pulse signal generating module is used for generating a communication pulse signal and communicating with the second trigger through the high-voltage capacitor circuit, the pulse signal generating module is electrically connected with a secondary side of the high-frequency transformer and the rectification output circuit, and the pulse signal generating module also receives a voltage feedback signal of the output feedback circuit;
and the power supply unit is electrically connected with the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer to obtain electric energy so as to charge the charging capacitor circuit.
The primary side frequency control reference module comprises:
an edge pulse generating unit, wherein two independent signal output ends of the edge pulse generating unit are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with a control end of a first switch and a control end of a second switch, a signal input end of the first switch is electrically connected with an upper threshold limit end of a reference voltage set in the primary side control unit, a signal output end of the first switch is electrically connected with a positive input end of a second comparator, a negative input end of the second comparator is electrically connected with a lower threshold limit end of the set reference voltage, a signal output end of the first switch is also respectively and electrically connected with a signal input end of the second switch, a signal input end of a third switch and one end of a first capacitor, and a signal output end of the second switch is respectively and electrically connected with one end of the second capacitor and a negative input end of the first comparator in the primary side control unit, and the signal output end of the third switch is connected with the primary side input power supply of the high-frequency transformer in common through a current bias circuit, the other end of the first capacitor and the other end of the second capacitor.
The pulse signal generation module includes:
a third comparator, a positive input terminal of which is electrically connected to an internal reference voltage terminal in the secondary control unit, a negative input terminal of which is electrically connected to a voltage feedback terminal of the output feedback circuit in the secondary control unit, signal output terminals of which are electrically connected to a first input terminal of a timer module and a first signal input terminal of an and gate, respectively, a signal output terminal of the timer module is electrically connected to a second signal input terminal of the and gate, a signal output terminal of the and gate is electrically connected to a first signal input terminal of a switch control module and a high-voltage capacitor circuit, respectively, a second signal input terminal of the switch control module is electrically connected to a drain terminal of a secondary synchronous rectifier tube electrically connected to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer in the rectifier output circuit, and a first signal output terminal of the switch control module is electrically connected to a control terminal of the secondary synchronous rectifier tube in the rectifier output circuit, and a second signal output end of the switch control module is electrically connected with a second signal input end of the timer module.
The high-voltage capacitor includes: set up two slots on silicon-based, two it has the metal polar plate to fill respectively in the slot, the slot is for arranging side by side, the degree of depth of slot is 10um ~ 20um, and slot length is 500um ~ 2mm, and the slot interval is 5um ~ 30 um.
The first trigger is an RS trigger, a Q output end of the RS trigger is electrically connected with a control end of a primary power tube in the power switch tube circuit, an R input end of the RS trigger is electrically connected with an output end of the first comparator, and an S input end of the RS trigger is electrically connected with an output end of the selector.
The second trigger is a D trigger, a Q output end of the D trigger is electrically connected with a control end of the selector, a D input end of the D trigger is electrically connected with a high level, and a time sequence CLK input end of the D trigger is electrically connected with the high-voltage capacitor circuit.
The high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is electrically connected with a time sequence CLK input end of the D trigger in the primary side control unit and a control end of the selector through a first gate circuit;
and the high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the pulse signal generation module in the secondary side control unit through a second gate circuit.
The invention has wide application range, not only solves the defects of the prior art, but also reduces the system cost and simplifies the system application. The control signal generated by the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is transmitted to the primary side in real time to control the on and off of the power tube, the primary side can automatically adjust the conduction time of the primary side power tube in the power tube circuit according to the frequency of the control signal transmitted by the secondary side, the maximization of the energy transfer and conversion efficiency of each power section is intelligently realized, and the high-frequency transformer has the advantages of good dynamic response, dynamic adjustment of output voltage, no need of optical couplers and other peripherals, zero simultaneous on of the primary side and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the power conversion power supply system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a primary side frequency control reference curve of the high-frequency transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the primary side frequency control reference module of the high frequency transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pulse signal generation module of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of handshaking timing sequences of primary and secondary signals of the high-frequency transformer according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the vertical integrated high voltage capacitor plane of the present invention.
The circuit comprises a primary side control unit 110, a secondary side control unit 120, a high-voltage capacitor 130, a high-frequency transformer 140, a charging capacitor circuit 150, an output feedback circuit 160, a rectifying output circuit 170, a power switching tube circuit 180 and a voltage sampling circuit 190.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The following is further explained with reference to the drawings;
in fig. 1 to 6, there is provided a power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication, comprising:
the high-frequency transformer circuit comprises a high-frequency transformer 140T1 used for voltage conversion transmission in power conversion, wherein the primary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 is electrically connected with the power conversion input circuit, and the secondary side is electrically connected with the power conversion output circuit;
the power conversion input circuit comprises a power switch tube circuit 180, a voltage sampling circuit 190 and a primary side control unit 110, wherein the primary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 is electrically connected with the voltage sampling circuit 190 through the power switch tube circuit 180, and the power switch tube circuit 180 and the voltage sampling circuit 190 are respectively and electrically connected with the primary side control unit 110;
a power conversion output circuit including a rectification output circuit 170, a charging capacitor circuit 150, an output feedback circuit 160, and a secondary control unit 120, wherein the secondary of the high frequency transformer 140T1 is electrically connected to the rectification output circuit 170, the rectification output circuit 170 is electrically connected to the output feedback circuit 160 through the charging capacitor circuit 150, and the rectification output circuit 170, the output feedback circuit 160, and the secondary of the high frequency transformer 140T1 are electrically connected to the secondary control unit 120, respectively;
the high-voltage capacitor circuit includes a high-voltage capacitor 130, and is configured to implement electrical isolation between the primary side control unit 110 and the secondary side control unit 120, and implement a communication link between the primary side control unit 110 and the secondary side control unit 120.
Here, the primary side control unit 110 includes:
an oscillator module, configured to provide a working pulse oscillation signal in the primary side control unit 110;
the selector is used for receiving the working pulse oscillation signal output by the oscillator module and receiving the communication signal transmitted by the high-voltage capacitor circuit;
a first trigger for receiving the output signal of the selector, the output terminal of the first trigger being electrically connected to the power switch tube circuit 180,
the primary side frequency control reference module is used for receiving an output signal of the output end of the first trigger; outputting a corresponding reference voltage signal according to the change frequency of the output signal of the first trigger;
the first comparator is used for comparing the received reference voltage signal output by the primary side frequency control reference module with the sampling result of the voltage sampling circuit 190, and the obtained comparison result is output to the reset input end of the first trigger;
and the second trigger is used for receiving the communication signal transmitted by the high-voltage capacitor circuit and outputting a triggering result to the control end of the selector from the output end of the second trigger.
Here, the secondary side control unit 120 includes:
a pulse signal generating module, configured to generate a communication pulse signal and communicate with the second flip-flop through the high-voltage capacitor circuit, where the pulse signal generating module is electrically connected to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 and the rectification output circuit 170, and the pulse signal generating module further receives a voltage feedback signal of the output feedback circuit 160;
and a power supply unit electrically connected to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 to obtain power for charging the charging capacitor circuit 150.
Here, the primary side frequency control reference module includes:
an edge pulse generating unit, wherein two independent signal output ends of the edge pulse generating unit are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with a control end of a first switch and a control end of a second switch, a signal input end of the first switch is electrically connected with an upper threshold limit end of a reference voltage set in the primary side control unit 110, a signal output end of the first switch is electrically connected with a positive input end of a second comparator, a negative input end of the second comparator is electrically connected with a lower threshold limit end of the set reference voltage, a signal output end of the first switch is also respectively and electrically connected with a signal input end of the second switch, a signal input end of the third switch and one end of a first capacitor, and a signal output end of the second switch is respectively and electrically connected with one end of the second capacitor and a negative input end of the first comparator in the primary side control unit 110, and the signal output end of the third switch is connected with the primary side input power supply of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 through a current bias circuit, the other end of the first capacitor and the other end of the second capacitor.
Here, the pulse signal generation module includes:
a third comparator, a positive input end of the third comparator is electrically connected to the internal reference voltage terminal in the secondary control unit 120, a negative input end of the third comparator is electrically connected to the voltage feedback terminal of the output feedback circuit 160 in the secondary control unit 120, a signal output end of the third comparator is electrically connected to the first input end of the timer module and the first signal input end of the and gate, a signal output end of the timer module is electrically connected to the second signal input end of the and gate, a signal output end of the and gate is electrically connected to the first signal input end of the switching control module and the high-voltage capacitor circuit, a second signal input end of the switching control module is electrically connected to the drain terminal of the secondary synchronous rectifier tube electrically connected to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 in the rectifier output circuit 170, and a first signal output end of the switching control module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the secondary synchronous rectifier tube in the rectifier output circuit 170 And a second signal output end of the switch control module is electrically connected with a second signal input end of the timer module.
Here, the high voltage capacitor includes:
set up two slots on silicon-based, two it has the metal polar plate to fill respectively in the slot, the slot is for arranging side by side, the degree of depth of slot is 10um ~ 20um, and slot length is 500um ~ 2mm, and the slot interval is 5um ~ 30 um.
Here, the first trigger is an RS trigger, a Q output end of the RS trigger is electrically connected to a control end of a primary power tube in the power switching tube circuit 180, an R input end of the RS trigger is electrically connected to an output end of the first comparator, and an S input end of the RS trigger is electrically connected to an output end of the selector.
Here, the second flip-flop is a D flip-flop, a Q output terminal of the D flip-flop is electrically connected to the control terminal of the selector, a D input terminal of the D flip-flop is electrically connected to a high level, and a timing CLK input terminal of the D flip-flop is electrically connected to the high voltage capacitor circuit.
Here, the high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is electrically connected to the timing CLK input terminal of the D flip-flop in the primary side control unit 110 and the control terminal of the selector through a first gate circuit;
the high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the pulse signal generating module in the secondary control unit 120 through a second gate circuit.
There is also provided a method of controlling a power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication, comprising the steps of:
firstly, a system is powered on, the secondary side control unit 120 maintains a turn-off state, the primary side control unit 110 starts to work firstly, a primary side power tube in the power switch tube circuit 180 is conducted, a high-frequency transformer 140T1 in the high-frequency transformer circuit enters an excitation process, a rectification output circuit 170 end connected with a secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 outputs a high level, and the high level charges a charging capacitor circuit 150 in an excitation stage through a power supply unit;
when the voltage value acquired by the voltage sampling circuit 190 in the power conversion input circuit is greater than the output reference voltage of the primary frequency control reference module in the primary control unit 110, the primary control unit 110 turns off the primary power tube in the power switching tube circuit 180, the high-frequency transformer 140T1 enters a demagnetization stage, the energy in the high-frequency transformer 140T1 charges the capacitor connected to the load output end of the control circuit in the charging capacitor circuit 150 through the rectification output circuit 170 electrically connected to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 in the demagnetization stage, and at this time, the synchronous rectification tube in the rectification output circuit 170 keeps off, so that the primary side and the secondary side are prevented from being opened at the same time;
step three, after the charging capacitor circuit 150 is charged for a plurality of continuous switching cycles, the secondary control unit 120 starts to enter a soft start state, and performs handshake communication on the primary control unit 110 through the high-voltage capacitor circuit, during the handshake process, the secondary control unit 120 randomly sends out four TX signals with different frequencies by using the pulse signal generation module, and when the switching control module with the function of a microcontroller in the pulse signal generation module detects that the rising edge of the drain terminal voltage signal of the secondary synchronous rectifier tube in the rectifier output circuit 170 from low to high is close to the four delay times of the TX signals, the primary and secondary handshake is successful; if the primary side control unit 110 does not receive the handshake communication signal of the secondary side control unit 120 all the time, after the oscillator module in the primary side control unit 110 controls the primary side power tube to be switched on and off for tens of switching cycles, a logic circuit with a microcontroller function arranged in the oscillator module controls the oscillator module to stop outputting signals until the primary side control unit 110 is automatically turned off, and the first step is repeated to restart the control circuit; the logic circuit with microcontroller function in the oscillator module is a built-in integrated circuit control unit, or a general microcontroller MCU can be independently arranged on the primary side control unit 110 to realize the same function.
Step four, only after the handshake is successful, the on and off of the switch of the primary power tube and the secondary synchronous rectifier tube are controlled by the secondary control unit 120; also, the secondary control unit 120 controls the magnitude of the output voltage to the load side by using the comparison result between the output feedback circuit 160 and the internal reference voltage in the secondary control unit 120.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the power conversion power supply system of the invention. The high-frequency transformer comprises a high-frequency transformer 140T1 in the high-frequency transformer circuit, a primary power tube NP in the power switch tube circuit 180, a primary current sampling resistor RCS in the voltage sampling circuit 190, a secondary synchronous rectification power tube NS in the rectification output circuit 170 on the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1, a secondary power supply capacitor CSS and an output capacitor COUT in the charging capacitor circuit 150, output voltage dividing resistors RFB1 and RFB2 in the output feedback circuit 160, the primary control unit 110, the secondary control unit 120 and a high-voltage capacitor 130 in the high-voltage capacitor circuit.
Before the system is powered on, the voltage of the secondary supply capacitor CSS is zero, the voltage of the output capacitor COUT is zero, and the primary side control unit 110 and the secondary side control unit 120 maintain an off state. Here, the secondary supply capacitance Css may be a few uF nonpolar capacitances, and the output capacitance COUT may be an electrolytic capacitance of a few thousand uF.
At the initial power-on of the system, the output end Q of the second flip-flop D11 in the primary side control unit 110 is initialized to low level, and the selector is a standard logic unit alternative selector MUX10, and the signal at the '0' input end is gated. The output end Q of the first flip-flop D10 is initially at a low level, and the primary power tube NP in the power switch tube circuit 180 maintains an off state. Thereafter, the oscillator module U11 in the primary side control unit 110 starts to operate, the output pulse signal passes through the alternative selector MUX10 and then sets the first flip-flop D10, the output signal ONP of the first flip-flop D10 becomes high level, the primary side power tube NP is turned on, and forms a current loop with the primary winding of the high-frequency transformer 140T1, the input direct current line power source VIN, and the primary side current sampling resistor RCS, the high-frequency transformer 140T1 enters an excitation process, and the excitation current passes through the primary side current sampling resistor RCS and then is converted into a voltage signal to be connected to the positive terminal of the first comparator CMP 10.
During the excitation process, the dotted terminal of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 is at a low level, and the dotted terminal is at a high level, that is, the drain signal VD of the secondary synchronous rectification power tube NS in the rectification output circuit 170 in the secondary control unit 120 is at a high level, and the high level charges the CSS capacitor in the charging capacitor circuit 150 through the power supply unit U20 of the secondary control unit 120. The power supply unit U20 is a unidirectional DC current source, when the VD voltage is greater than the voltage on the CSS capacitor, the power supply unit U20 charges the CSS capacitor, and when the VD voltage is less than the voltage on the CSS capacitor, the power supply unit U20 disconnects the charging path of the CSS capacitor, and neither charges nor discharges.
When the voltage on the Primary side current sampling resistor RCS is greater than the output voltage VCS of the Primary side frequency control reference module U10, the first comparator CMP10 outputs a high level to reset the first flip-flop D10, the output signal onp (on Primary side) of the first flip-flop D10 is a low level, the Primary side power tube NP is turned off, the dotted terminal of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 is at a high level, the dotted terminal of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 is at a low level, the high-frequency transformer 140T 8538 enters a demagnetization stage, the energy in the high-frequency transformer 140T1 charges the output capacitor COUT in the charging capacitor circuit 150 through the body diode of the secondary side synchronous rectifier NS, and the output voltage rises. At this time, the secondary synchronous rectifier NS is kept off, and the primary side and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 are prevented from being opened at the same time.
The output frequency of the oscillator module U11 may be set slightly greater than 20KHz, avoiding the audio range.
Before the secondary side control unit 120 performs handshake communication with the primary side control unit 110, the system is switched on and off by the oscillator module U11.
In one switching cycle, the CSS capacitor can be charged only during the excitation phase of the high-frequency transformer 140T1, and the amount of the charged charge is related to the size of the current source of the power supply unit U20 and the excitation time of the high-frequency transformer 140T 1.
After a plurality of consecutive switching cycles, the CSS capacitor voltage gradually increases, and when the CSS capacitor voltage reaches a set threshold, the secondary control unit 120 starts to enter a soft start state and is ready to perform handshake communication with the primary control unit 110. The handshaking communication process between the secondary control unit 120 and the primary control unit 110 occurs during the demagnetization phase of the high frequency transformer 140T 1.
In the process of handshake communication, a pulse signal generating module U21 of the secondary side control unit 120 generates a pulse signal TX, which is modulated by a second gate circuit U22, coupled by a high-voltage capacitor 130, and demodulated by a first gate circuit U12 to generate an RX signal, which is respectively connected to a second flip-flop D11 and a selector MUX 10. After the output of the second flip-flop D11 goes high, the RX signal is always selected by the selector MUX 10. The first flip-flop D10 is set by the RX signal, and then the output signal ONP becomes high, and the primary power tube NP is turned on. The turn-off of the primary power tube NP is determined according to the voltage drop across the primary current sampling resistor RCS and the output signal VCS of the primary frequency control reference module U10.
The secondary control unit 120 detects a rising edge of the drain terminal signal VD of the synchronous rectifier NS from low to high and a delay time of the TX signal. The secondary side control unit 120 randomly sends out 4 TX signals with different frequencies in the handshake process, and when it is detected that the rising edge of the drain terminal signal VD of the synchronous rectifier NS from low to high is close to 4 delay times of the TX signals, it indicates that the primary side and the secondary side handshake succeeds.
In the process of handshaking between the primary side and the secondary side, the switching-off of the secondary side synchronous rectifier tube NS is kept, and the primary side and the secondary side are prevented from being opened simultaneously.
If the primary side does not receive the handshake communication signal of the secondary side all the time, after the primary side is controlled to be switched on and off for tens of switching cycles by the oscillator module U11, a logic circuit with a microcontroller function arranged in the oscillator module U11 controls the oscillator module U11 to automatically turn off the primary side, and the control circuit system is restarted.
When the handshake is successful, the switching of the primary power tube NP and the switching of the secondary synchronous rectifier NS are both controlled only by the secondary control unit 120.
When the handshake is successful, the secondary synchronous rectifier NS can be controlled by the secondary control unit 120 to be turned on.
When the handshake is successful, the output voltage is determined by the divider resistance ratio of the series RFB1 and RFB2 connected across the output end of the secondary side load and the reference voltage. Here, the resistors RFB1, RFB2 are in the K ohm level, and the primary current sampling resistor RCS in the primary voltage sampling circuit 190 is in the hundred milliohm level.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the primary side frequency control reference curve of the high frequency transformer 140T1 of the present invention. And the conversion efficiency under each output power is maximized by setting the relationship between the frequency control reference VCS of the primary frequency control reference module and the frequency. The method mainly comprises three aspects, wherein the frequency control reference VCS changes along with frequency monotony to optimize the proportion of conduction loss and switching loss of a power tube, the frequency control reference VCS is limited by the maximum value and the minimum value to solve the problems of controlling standby power consumption and magnetic saturation of a full-load high-frequency transformer 140T1, and the frequency control reference VCS changes along with input direct-current line voltage VIN to optimize conversion efficiency under different input direct-current line voltages.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a primary side frequency controlled reference module according to an embodiment of the invention. The circuit comprises an edge pulse generating unit U31, switches including a first switch Nsw1, a second switch Nsw2, a third switch Nsw3, a second comparator CMP31, a current bias circuit Ibias (which is a uA-level direct current bias current), a first capacitor C1 and a first capacitor C2.
When the driving signal ONP output by the first flip-flop D10 in the primary side control unit 110 changes from high to low, the edge pulse generating unit U31 outputs a narrow pulse signal NE to control the first switch Nsw1 to be turned on, and the voltage across the first capacitor C1 is charged to the upper threshold limit VCS _ max of the reference voltage. After the first switch Nsw1 is turned on for a short time, the charge on the first capacitor C1 starts to discharge to the ground through the third switch Nsw3 and the current bias circuit Ibias1, and the voltage of the first capacitor C1 gradually drops.
When the voltage of the first capacitor C1 drops to the lower threshold VCS _ min of the reference voltage, the second comparator CMP31 outputs a low level, the third switch Nsw3 is turned off, the first capacitor C1 stops discharging to ground, and the voltage of the first capacitor C1 is maintained at the lower threshold VCS _ min of the reference voltage.
When the driving signal ONP changes from low to high, the edge pulse generating unit U31 outputs a narrow pulse signal PE to control the second switch Nsw2 to be turned on. After the second switch Nsw2 is turned on briefly, the electric charges of the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are redistributed to have the same electric potential. Here the first capacitance C1 is a few pF and the second capacitance C2 is a few tens of pF.
The variation of the output reference voltage signal VCS is related to the capacitance of the first capacitor C1, the capacitance of the second capacitor C2 and the voltage variation of the first capacitor C1, and satisfies the formula Δ VCS ═ Δ VC1 × C1/(C1+ C2). Therefore, the variation of the output reference voltage signal VCS can be set by the capacitance ratio of the first capacitor C1 to the second capacitor C2.
When the high and low reference voltages and the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are determined, the output reference voltage signal VCS has a level determined only by the discharge time and the discharge current of the first capacitor C1. The discharge time of the first capacitor C1 directly corresponds to the period of high and low level variation of the ONP signal, i.e. the switching frequency.
The discharge current to the current bias circuit Ibias1 of the first capacitor C1 may be set in relation to the input dc line voltage VIN, i.e. the discharge current Ibias1 is inversely proportional to the input dc line voltage VIN, enabling the reference VCS to vary with the input dc line voltage VIN.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pulse signal generation module of the present invention. The circuit comprises a third comparator CMP40, a timer module U40, a switch control module U41 of a secondary side synchronous rectification power tube NS, and an AND gate U42.
As described above, when the capacitor voltage of the Secondary power supply capacitor CSS in the charging capacitor circuit 150 reaches the set threshold value in the power supply unit, the Secondary control unit 120 starts to enter the soft start state as the start trigger signal, at this time, the shared handshake signal is at a low level, and the ons (on Secondary side) signal is also at a low level.
When the output feedback voltage FB is lower than the internal reference voltage VR (1V-3V) in the secondary side control unit, the output of the third comparator CMP40 changes from low to high, the timer module U40 starts to time and randomly sends out high-level pulses, the output signals of the AND gate U42 and the third comparator CMP40 are combined to generate a TX signal, and the TX signal is modulated by the second gate circuit U22 functioning as a signal amplifying circuit, coupled by the high-voltage capacitor 130 and demodulated by the first gate circuit U12 functioning as the signal amplifying circuit to generate an RX signal to control the switching of the primary side power tube NP. Meanwhile, the pulse signal generating module U21 detects the rising edge of the voltage VD of the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 connected to the drain terminal of the secondary side synchronous rectifier NS from low to high and the delay time of the TX signal. After 4 continuous TX signals with different frequencies are sent, when a switch control module U41 with a microcontroller function in a pulse signal generation module U21 detects that the rising edge of VD from low to high is close to 4 delay times of the TX signals, the handshake between the primary side and the secondary side is successful, the Shakehand signal becomes high level, and the switch control module U41 outputs an ONS signal which is opposite to VD.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the handshaking timing of the primary side and the secondary side signals of the high-frequency transformer 140T1 according to the present invention. In the figure, T1, T2, T3 and T4 represent TX signals with 4 random frequencies, Δ T1, Δ T2, Δ T3 and Δ T4 represent delay time from 4 TX pulse signals to a rising edge of VD from low to high, when the 4 delay times are close, a Shakehand signal changes from low to high, an ONS signal is at high and low level, and the phase is opposite to VD.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinally integrated high voltage capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. Adopt general silicon-based trench slot technology, dig out two grooves in insulating medium, the filler metal is as two polar plates of high-voltage capacitor 130, and the electric capacity value mainly depends on slot depth d, slot length l to and slot interval m, the degree of depth of slot can be 10um ~ 20um, and slot length can be 500um ~ 2mm, and the slot interval can be 5um ~ 30 um. The capacitive isolation withstand voltage strength mainly depends on the trench pitch m. The longitudinally integrated high-voltage capacitor solves the bottleneck of insufficient isolation and voltage resistance of the surface stacked capacitor, saves the multilayer metal and medium which are required to be added for the isolation and voltage resistance of the surface stacked capacitor, reduces the process cost, and can be perfectly compatible with the CMOS process. Merely by way of example, the invention has been applied to flyback power converters. It will be appreciated that the invention has a broader range of applicability.
In this specification, a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. The above schematic representations do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A power conversion control circuit including integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication, comprising:
the high-frequency transformer circuit comprises a high-frequency transformer and a power conversion output circuit, wherein the high-frequency transformer is used for voltage conversion transmission in power conversion, the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the power conversion input circuit, and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the power conversion output circuit;
the power conversion input circuit comprises a power switch tube circuit, a voltage sampling circuit and a primary side control unit, wherein the primary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the voltage sampling circuit through the power switch tube circuit, and the power switch tube circuit and the voltage sampling circuit are respectively and electrically connected with the primary side control unit;
the power conversion output circuit comprises a rectification output circuit, a charging capacitor circuit, an output feedback circuit and a secondary side control unit, wherein the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the rectification output circuit, the rectification output circuit is electrically connected with the output feedback circuit through the charging capacitor circuit, and the rectification output circuit, the output feedback circuit and the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer are respectively electrically connected with the secondary side control unit;
and the high-voltage capacitor circuit comprises a high-voltage capacitor and is used for realizing electrical isolation between the primary side control unit and the secondary side control unit and realizing a communication link between the primary side control unit and the secondary side control unit.
2. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 1,
the primary side control unit includes:
the oscillator module is used for providing a working pulse oscillation signal in the primary side control unit;
the selector is used for receiving the working pulse oscillation signal output by the oscillator module and receiving the communication signal transmitted by the high-voltage capacitor circuit;
the first trigger is used for receiving the output signal of the selector, the output end of the first trigger is electrically connected with the power switch tube circuit,
the primary side frequency control reference module is used for receiving an output signal of the output end of the first trigger; outputting a corresponding reference voltage signal according to the change frequency of the output signal of the first trigger;
the first comparator is used for comparing the received reference voltage signal output by the primary side frequency control reference module with the sampling result of the voltage sampling circuit, and the obtained comparison result is output to the reset input end of the first trigger;
and the second trigger is used for receiving the communication signal transmitted by the high-voltage capacitor circuit and outputting a triggering result to the control end of the selector from the output end of the second trigger.
3. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 2,
the secondary side control unit includes:
the pulse signal generating module is used for generating a communication pulse signal and communicating with the second trigger through the high-voltage capacitor circuit, the pulse signal generating module is electrically connected with a secondary side of the high-frequency transformer and the rectification output circuit, and the pulse signal generating module also receives a voltage feedback signal of the output feedback circuit;
and the power supply unit is electrically connected with the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer to obtain electric energy so as to charge the charging capacitor circuit.
4. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 3,
the primary side frequency control reference module comprises:
an edge pulse generating unit, wherein two independent signal output ends of the edge pulse generating unit are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with a control end of a first switch and a control end of a second switch, a signal input end of the first switch is electrically connected with an upper threshold limit end of a reference voltage set in the primary side control unit, a signal output end of the first switch is electrically connected with a positive input end of a second comparator, a negative input end of the second comparator is electrically connected with a lower threshold limit end of the set reference voltage, a signal output end of the first switch is also respectively and electrically connected with a signal input end of the second switch, a signal input end of a third switch and one end of a first capacitor, and a signal output end of the second switch is respectively and electrically connected with one end of the second capacitor and a negative input end of the first comparator in the primary side control unit, and the signal output end of the third switch is connected with the primary side input power supply of the high-frequency transformer in common through a current bias circuit, the other end of the first capacitor and the other end of the second capacitor.
5. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 4,
the pulse signal generation module includes:
a third comparator, a positive input terminal of which is electrically connected to an internal reference voltage terminal in the secondary control unit, a negative input terminal of which is electrically connected to a voltage feedback terminal of the output feedback circuit in the secondary control unit, signal output terminals of which are electrically connected to a first input terminal of a timer module and a first signal input terminal of an and gate, respectively, a signal output terminal of the timer module is electrically connected to a second signal input terminal of the and gate, a signal output terminal of the and gate is electrically connected to a first signal input terminal of a switch control module and a high-voltage capacitor circuit, respectively, a second signal input terminal of the switch control module is electrically connected to a drain terminal of a secondary synchronous rectifier tube electrically connected to the secondary side of the high-frequency transformer in the rectifier output circuit, and a first signal output terminal of the switch control module is electrically connected to a control terminal of the secondary synchronous rectifier tube in the rectifier output circuit, and a second signal output end of the switch control module is electrically connected with a second signal input end of the timer module.
6. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 5,
the high-voltage capacitor includes:
set up two slots on silicon-based, two it has the metal polar plate to fill respectively in the slot, the slot is for arranging side by side, the degree of depth of slot is 10um ~ 20um, and slot length is 500um ~ 2mm, and the slot interval is 5um ~ 30 um.
7. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 6,
the first trigger is an RS trigger, a Q output end of the RS trigger is electrically connected with a control end of a primary power tube in the power switch tube circuit, an R input end of the RS trigger is electrically connected with an output end of the first comparator, and an S input end of the RS trigger is electrically connected with an output end of the selector.
8. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 7,
the second trigger is a D trigger, a Q output end of the D trigger is electrically connected with a control end of the selector, a D input end of the D trigger is electrically connected with a high level, and a time sequence CLK input end of the D trigger is electrically connected with the high-voltage capacitor circuit.
9. The power conversion control circuit with integrated high voltage capacitive isolation communication of claim 8,
the high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is electrically connected with a time sequence CLK input end of the D trigger in the primary side control unit and a control end of the selector through a first gate circuit;
and the high-voltage capacitor in the high-voltage capacitor circuit is electrically connected with the output end of the pulse signal generation module in the secondary side control unit through a second gate circuit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011221167.2A CN112311244B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Power conversion control circuit containing integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication |
| PCT/CN2020/127646 WO2022095074A1 (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-10 | Power conversion control circuit having integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication |
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| CN202011221167.2A CN112311244B (en) | 2020-11-05 | 2020-11-05 | Power conversion control circuit containing integrated high-voltage capacitor isolation communication |
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| CN112311244B CN112311244B (en) | 2021-08-27 |
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| CN114553011A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳英集芯科技股份有限公司 | Flyback power supply and charger |
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| CN116073809B (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-06-16 | 杭州飞仕得科技股份有限公司 | Pulse transformer signal bidirectional transmission device and protection method thereof |
| CN116594937B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-27 | 深圳市汇科源电子科技有限公司 | Power supply equipment, communication adjustable circuit and method thereof |
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| WO2022095074A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
| CN112311244B (en) | 2021-08-27 |
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