CN112305082B - Pile foundation stratum fracture prediction method in pile inserting process of self-elevating drilling platform - Google Patents
Pile foundation stratum fracture prediction method in pile inserting process of self-elevating drilling platform Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pile foundation stratum rupture prediction method in the pile inserting process of a self-elevating drilling platform, wherein a three-component sound wave receiver array is arranged at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform; acquiring acoustic emission signals from a stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe, which are continuously received by the three-component acoustic receiver array in the pile inserting process; the method comprises the steps of predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position of a pile foundation stratum at the bottom of a pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signals, wherein in the process of inserting the drilling platform, the acoustic emission signals can be sent out in the fatigue fracture process of a hard shell stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe, and the acoustic emission signals which can be sent out in the fatigue fracture process of the hard shell stratum are collected by arranging a three-component acoustic wave receiver at the bottom of the pile shoe and serve as a data basis for predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position, so that the possible time and position of the fracture of the pile foundation stratum can be judged, and the occurrence of puncture accidents is avoided. The invention can be used for monitoring the in-position process of the self-elevating drilling platform and can also be used for monitoring the in-position state of the platform in real time after the platform is in position.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ocean engineering monitoring and safety guarantee, in particular to a method for predicting pile foundation stratum fracture in a pile inserting process of a self-elevating drilling platform.
Background
Ocean oil gas has become one of the important successor area and the important pillar of national oil gas increase, storage and stable production, and the realization of increase, storage and stable production of offshore oil gas is an important force for guaranteeing the safe supply of domestic oil gas.
The self-elevating drilling platform is the main equipment for offshore and marginal oil field development, and pile legs are inserted into seabed stratum to ensure the platform to be stable and the operation to be carried out smoothly. In the platform pile inserting operation, a multilayer foundation with a hard upper part and a soft lower part and a hard shell stratum (commonly called an egg shell stratum) are frequently encountered; the phenomenon of uncontrollable rapid settlement after the drumstick punctures the eggshell stratum is called puncture. Puncture is a major risk hidden trouble in the operation process of the self-elevating platform, light persons can damage the structure of the platform, economic loss of tens of millions of RMB is caused, heavy persons can lead the platform to overturn and casualties, economic loss of billions of RMB is caused, and in all accidents caused by foundation problems, puncture accidents account for more than 53 percent. The coastal geological condition of China is complex, a large number of hard-shell stratums exist, and a puncture event occurs at any time, so that the bottleneck problem that the self-elevating platform is restricted in further application of the complex stratums is solved.
The skilled person also carries out a large number of engineering measurements and related studies in the prediction of puncture incidents: the method comprises seismic exploration measurement, sonar side scan imaging measurement, coring of a pile foundation stratum and corresponding core laboratory measurement of the stratum near a pile foundation, and theoretical and simulation experiment research is carried out on the relationship between pile bottom stratum bearing capacity and parameters such as load, pile leg sinking depth and the like based on engineering measurement data and core measurement data. Mathieu performed a seismic stratigraphic evaluation of the fourth line depositional and imaged the depositional and bedrock interfaces. Anitha speculates about shallow sea environmental characteristics in certain areas of india through interpretation of geological data. Peng and Shi et al also have made intensive studies on core sampling techniques, equipment and indoor measurements. The COSL researches and divides main offshore oil and gas blocks in China according to soil characteristics through mass sampling. At present, the measurement operation of the marine geology cannot carry out a large amount of repeatable result verification, the measurement range is large, and the pertinence is poor; the coring experiment result is influenced by various factors such as sampling point distribution, sampling disturbance and the like, and the representativeness is poor, so that the research cannot reflect the real-time characteristics of the in-situ soil layer when the in-situ soil layer is pressed and deformed, and the problems of pile insertion puncture prediction and prevention and control in engineering practice are difficult to really solve.
Therefore, the difference between the pile inserting operation scheme provided by the existing engineering measurement and research work and various parameters such as pile inserting depth, stratum bearing capacity and the like in the actual pile inserting process is large, the requirement of safe pile inserting operation cannot be met, and the prediction and prevention and control of puncture accidents still remain to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for predicting the stratum fracture of a pile foundation in the pile inserting process of a self-elevating drilling platform, which can at least partially solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pile foundation stratum fracture prediction method in a self-elevating drilling platform pile inserting process comprises the following steps:
arranging a three-component acoustic receiver array at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform;
acquiring acoustic emission signals from a stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe, which are continuously received by the three-component acoustic receiver array in the pile inserting process;
and predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signal.
Further, should predict the fracture state and the breakpoint position of pile shoe bottom pile foundation stratum according to this acoustic emission signal, include:
predicting the fracture state of the pile foundation layer at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signal;
and when the prediction result is that the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break, carrying out inversion on the acoustic emission signal to obtain the position of the break point.
Further, the predicting the fracture state of the pile foundation layer at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signal comprises:
predicting an effective event representing the fatigue state of the hard shell stratum according to the characteristic parameters of the acoustic emission signal;
and predicting whether the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break or not according to the accumulated number of the effective events.
Further, the predicting whether the pile shoe bottom pile foundation stratum is about to break according to the accumulated number of the effective events comprises the following steps:
acquiring a cumulative number curve of effective events in the pile inserting process;
monitoring the slope of the cumulative number curve in real time;
and when the slope of the accumulative curve reaches a maximum value, sending early warning information that the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break.
Further, the characteristic parameters include: energy, similarity, and/or magnitude-frequency relationship.
Further, the number of the three-component sound wave receivers arranged at the bottom of each pile shoe is not less than 3.
Furthermore, the working frequency range of the three-component sound wave receiver is 4 kHz-20 kHz.
The invention provides a method for predicting stratum fracture of a pile foundation in a pile inserting process of a self-elevating drilling platform, wherein a three-component sound wave receiver array is arranged at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform; acquiring acoustic emission signals from a stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe, which are continuously received by the three-component acoustic receiver array in the pile inserting process; and predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signals, wherein in the process of inserting the drilling platform, the acoustic emission signals which can be sent out in the process of fatigue of the hard shell stratum are collected by arranging the three-component acoustic receiver at the bottom of the pile shoe and are used as a data basis for predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position, so that the possible time and position of fracture of the pile foundation stratum can be judged, and further, the occurrence of piercing accidents is avoided.
The invention can be applied to the in-position process monitoring of the self-elevating drilling platform and can also be used for the real-time monitoring of the in-position state of the platform after in-position.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the application of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of pile foundation formation fracture prediction during jack-up rig piling in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates an arrangement of three-component acoustic receivers in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates the principles of pile formation fracture prediction during jack-up rig piling in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows the specific steps of step S300 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic time-domain waveform of an acoustic emission signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 shows the specific steps of step S310 in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows the specific steps of step S312 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a characteristic diagram of predicting a formation fracture criticality.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The detailed features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the following embodiments, which are sufficient for anyone skilled in the art to understand the technical content of the present invention and to implement the present invention, and the related objects and advantages of the present invention can be easily understood by anyone skilled in the art from the disclosure, the claims and the drawings of the present specification. The following examples further illustrate aspects of the present invention in detail, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The pile inserting operation scheme provided by the existing engineering measurement and research work has great difference with various parameters such as pile inserting depth, stratum bearing capacity and the like in the actual pile inserting process, the requirement of safe pile inserting operation cannot be met, and the prediction and prevention and control of puncture accidents still remain to be solved.
In order to at least partially solve the technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for predicting pile foundation stratum fracture during pile insertion of a jack-up drilling platform, in the process of the pile insertion of the drilling platform, a three-component acoustic receiver is arranged at the bottom of a pile shoe, acoustic emission signals emitted during fatigue of a hard shell stratum are collected and used as a data basis for predicting fracture states and fracture point positions, and possible time and position of fracture of the pile foundation stratum can be determined, so that a puncture accident is avoided.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an application of an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in figure 1, after the hard shell stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is stressed and deformed, an acoustic emission signal is generated, a three-component receiver array is used for receiving the acoustic emission signal, the acoustic emission signal is collected and processed, and the fracture state of the stratum is predicted according to the characteristics of the acoustic emission signal.
It is worth mentioning that through a great deal of research by the applicant, in the pile inserting operation process, the bearing capacity of the pile foundation stratum is increased due to the sinking of the pile shoe, the stratum structure can deform, and the hard shell stratum enters the evolution process from fatigue to fracture due to the increasing stress. The fracture of the hard shell formation means that a puncture accident may occur. This evolution is accompanied by the generation of Acoustic Emission (AE) signals. Therefore, if the hard shell stratum is arranged at the bottom of the pile shoe, an acoustic emission signal is emitted in the fatigue fracture process, the acoustic emission signal of the hard shell stratum is obtained in real time in the sinking process of the pile shoe, and an effective event representing the fatigue state of the hard shell stratum is extracted according to acoustic emission signal parameters such as the energy, similarity and amplitude-frequency relation of the acoustic emission signal, so that the fatigue development state and the fracture point position (the position of the about-to-occur puncture event) of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe can be evaluated.
Fig. 2 shows a flow diagram of a method of pile foundation formation fracture prediction during jack-up rig piling in an embodiment of the invention. As shown in fig. 2, the method for predicting pile foundation formation fracture during pile insertion of a jack-up rig may include the following steps:
step S100: arranging a three-component acoustic receiver array at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform;
step S200: acquiring acoustic emission signals from a stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe, which are continuously received by the three-component acoustic receiver array in the pile inserting process;
wherein an array of three-component acoustic receivers disposed at the bottom of each shoe of the jack-up rig continuously receive acoustic emission signals from the formation beneath the shoe during the pile insertion process. When the lower stratum has no fatigue fracture, no acoustic emission signal is generated, and when the lower stratum has no fatigue fracture, the three-component acoustic receiver array collects the acoustic emission signal.
Step S300: and predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signals.
By adopting the technical scheme, the acoustic emission signals from the stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe are continuously received in the pile inserting process by arranging the three-component acoustic receiver array at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform. If the hard shell stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe deforms to cause stratum fracture and pile shoe sinking, an acoustic emission signal is emitted in the fatigue fracture process of the eggshell stratum, the three-component acoustic receiver R can receive the acoustic emission signal generated by the stratum, see the figure 4, and transmits the received signal to the processor or the server, and the processor or the server can determine the elastic wave field in the stratum under the pile foundation, the fatigue degree of the pile foundation stratum and the position of the upcoming puncture event through discrete acquisition and processing of the acoustic emission signal acquired by the three-component acoustic receiver.
In an alternative embodiment, not less than three-component acoustic receivers (i.e. receiving transducers) are arranged at the bottom of each shoe, see fig. 3, which can continuously receive acoustic emission signals.
By adopting the technical scheme, the acoustic emission signals of the stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe can be effectively collected, and the prediction precision is further improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the three-component sonic receiver operates at a frequency in the range of 4kHz to 20kHz or 4kHz to 15kHz, which is different from the resolution, frequency range, etc. of existing microseismic monitoring techniques.
It should be noted that the operating frequency range of the three-component sound wave receiver is selected to be higher than 4kHz to avoid noise interference caused by waves, tides, sea wind, and drilling platform electromechanical devices, but the operating frequency cannot be selected to be too high to avoid insufficient detection space range due to too large attenuation of sound wave signals.
In an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 5, this step S300 may include the following:
step S310: predicting the fracture state of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signals;
specifically, referring to the acoustic emission signal time-domain waveform in fig. 6, if the hard shell formation is deformed and broken during the pile insertion process, the fatigue state and the spatial position of the breaking point (the position of the upcoming puncture event) can be evaluated by analyzing the characteristics of the energy, the similarity, the amplitude-frequency relationship and the like of the time-domain waveform signals of the acoustic emission signals received by different receivers.
Step S320: and when the prediction result is that the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break, carrying out inversion on the acoustic emission signal to obtain the position of the break point.
Specifically, when the prediction result is that the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break, the acoustic emission signals are started to be inverted, and the sound source position, namely the possible break point position, is obtained.
It is worth noting that through extensive research by the applicant, it has been found that when a hard shell formation is subjected to shear stress, an acoustic emission signal is emitted from the formation. As the shear stress on the stratum continuously increases, the cumulative number of the effective events representing the fatigue state of the hard shell stratum rapidly increases, the slope (increasing rate) of the cumulative number curve of the effective events presents a maximum value, and then the cumulative number curve of the acoustic emission events is accelerated and slowed down. Therefore, the state that the slope of the effective event accumulation number curve shows the maximum value can be used as the early warning characteristic information of the hard shell stratum fracture.
Based on this, referring to fig. 7, this step S300 may include the following:
step S311: predicting effective events representing the fatigue state of the hard shell stratum according to the characteristic parameters of the acoustic emission signals;
wherein, each valid event corresponds to a pulse signal in the multi-channel received signal, and the pulse signals of the same event received by different receivers have similarity.
Specifically, the characteristic parameters include: energy, similarity and/or magnitude-frequency relationship, etc.
For example, when a specific situation or an abnormal situation occurs in the energy, similarity and/or amplitude-frequency relationship of the time-domain waveform signals of the plurality of acoustic emission signals, it is possible that the formation is fractured, and the event is taken as an effective event.
Step S312: and predicting whether the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break or not according to the accumulated number of the effective events.
Specifically, referring to fig. 8, the step S312 includes the steps of:
step S312 a: acquiring a cumulative count curve of effective events in the pile inserting process, and referring to fig. 9;
step S312 b: monitoring the slope of the cumulative number curve in real time;
step S312 c: and when the slope of the accumulative curve reaches a maximum value, sending early warning information that the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break.
By adopting the technical scheme, the acoustic emission signals from the stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe are continuously received in the pile inserting process by arranging the three-component acoustic receiver array at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform. If the hard shell stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe deforms to cause stratum fracture and pile shoe sinking, an acoustic emission signal is emitted in the fatigue fracture process of the eggshell stratum, the three-component acoustic receiver R can receive the acoustic emission signal generated by the stratum, the acoustic emission signal is shown in fig. 4, the received signal is transmitted to the processor or the server, and the processor or the server can determine the elastic wave field in the stratum under the pile foundation, the fatigue degree of the pile foundation stratum and the position of the upcoming puncture event through discrete acquisition and processing of the acoustic emission signal acquired by the three-component acoustic receiver, so that a worker can adopt emergency measures, for example, mud is rapidly discharged to the platform to reduce the platform load, the puncture event is prevented from occurring, and loss is reduced.
It is worth to be noted that the embodiment of the invention focuses on the problem of the fatigue state of the stratum within a range of dozens of meters under the pile shoe, unlike the common acoustic emission nondestructive detection technology based on the ultrasonic frequency band which only detects the fatigue crack development degree within a range of dozens of centimeters, the embodiment of the invention does not detect the fatigue fracture degree of the stratum within a range of hundreds of meters or thousands of meters by the microseism monitoring technology in the petroleum industry.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but may be embodied or carried out by various modifications, equivalents and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A pile foundation stratum fracture prediction method in a self-elevating drilling platform pile inserting process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a three-component acoustic receiver array at the bottom of each pile shoe of the self-elevating drilling platform;
acquiring acoustic emission signals from a stratum at the lower part of the pile shoe, which are continuously received by the three-component acoustic receiver array in the pile inserting process; wherein the acoustic emission signals are generated by the forced deformation of the hard shell stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe;
predicting the fracture state and the fracture point position of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the energy, similarity and amplitude-frequency relation of the acoustic emission signals, and the method comprises the following steps:
predicting the fracture state of the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe according to the acoustic emission signals;
when the prediction result is that the pile foundation layer at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break, carrying out inversion on the acoustic emission signal to obtain the position of a breaking point;
the fracture state according to acoustic emission signal prediction pile shoe bottom pile foundation stratum includes:
predicting an effective event representing the fatigue state of the hard shell stratum according to the characteristic parameters of the acoustic emission signals;
predicting whether the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break or not according to the accumulated number of the effective events;
the predicting whether the pile shoe bottom pile foundation stratum is about to break according to the accumulated number of the effective events comprises the following steps:
acquiring a cumulative number curve of effective events in the pile inserting process;
monitoring the slope of the cumulative number curve in real time;
and when the slope of the accumulative curve reaches a maximum value, sending early warning information that the pile foundation stratum at the bottom of the pile shoe is about to break.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of three-component acoustic receivers provided at the bottom of each pile shoe is not less than 3.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the operating frequency of the three-component acoustic receiver is in the range of 4kHz to 20 kHz.
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| JP2002286700A (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-03 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Fracture detection system for foundation structure by ae sound |
| CN102298154B (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2013-04-10 | 徐州福安科技有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring evolution and distribution of mining-induced fracture |
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