CN112300767B - Green targeted microcapsule, preparation system, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Green targeted microcapsule, preparation system, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a green targeting microcapsule, a preparation system, a preparation method and application thereof. The oil displacement system comprises a surfactant and a capsule material. The high-efficiency surfactant is encapsulated in micro-nano microcapsules, and the microcapsules are dispersed in a water phase and dissolved in an oil phase. The size distribution of the microcapsules is regulated and controlled according to the stratum permeability, the large-size microcapsules migrate in a large pore channel of a high-permeability zone to play a role in profile control and plugging, the small-size microcapsules can enter a small-pore reservoir and migrate to a low-permeability zone with high residual oil saturation, and a surfactant is released after contacting crude oil to play a role in targeting, so that the challenges of water solubility, temperature resistance and salt tolerance of the surfactant are solved, the problem of adsorption loss of the surfactant on the surface of a reservoir medium can be solved, and the recovery ratio of the crude oil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil field chemicals, and relates to a green microcapsule with permeability selectivity and an oil phase targeting function, a system, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a green targeting microcapsule intelligent efficient oil displacement system for packaging a surfactant, a preparation system and a method thereof, and application thereof in the aspects of enhanced oil recovery and crude oil recovery.
Background
The statements in this background section of the invention are merely intended to convey an understanding of the general background of the invention and are not necessarily to be construed as admissions or any form of suggestion that this information constitutes prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Petroleum is an important strategic resource, is an economic life line developed by the country, and has great significance in effective exploitation. At present, most oil fields in China are in the middle and later stages of secondary oil recovery development, and in order to further improve the recovery ratio of crude oil, the implementation of an enhanced oil recovery technical means is imperative. The existing intensified oil production technology at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps: thermal flooding, miscible phase flooding, chemical flooding, microbial flooding and the like, wherein the chemical flooding enhanced oil recovery technology has the widest application prospect.
In chemical flooding, the surfactant is the most important chemical oil displacement agent, and the molecules of the surfactant simultaneously have hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups, so that the surfactant has interfacial activity, can greatly reduce the interfacial tension of oil-water two phases in a reservoir and improve the oil washing efficiency in the displacement process. Meanwhile, the surfactant can change the wetting angle of the crude oil and the rock, promote the desorption of the crude oil, emulsify and disperse the crude oil and improve the mobility of residual oil in pores.
Research results and application practices for many years prove that a chemical oil displacement system constructed by taking the surfactant as a main component has a good effect of improving the recovery ratio, but the application limit of the surfactant in enhanced oil recovery is more and more prominent. Firstly, the problem of adsorption loss of the surfactant is solved, and as various different types of surfactants can be adsorbed on the surface of a reservoir medium, the effective concentration is reduced, so that the use cost is high, and the oil extraction effect is influenced; in addition, the temperature resistance and salt tolerance of the surfactant also have challenges, and the surfactant is easy to degrade or generate precipitates under the conditions of high temperature and high salinity, so that the performance of the surfactant is deteriorated, the application is limited, and particularly the application of a surfactant-based oil displacement system in the enhanced oil recovery of a high-temperature high-salt oil reservoir is restricted.
The formation heterogeneity causes the displacement system to generate cross flow, and a low permeable layer with high residual oil saturation cannot be reached, which is an important reason for restricting the low recovery rate of crude oil, so that the key for increasing the swept volume of the displacement system by adopting necessary technical measures is to improve the recovery rate. At present, additives such as water-soluble polymers and the like are adopted to improve the viscosity of a chemical oil displacement system, adjust the fluidity ratio of oil, water and oil phases in an oil reservoir, improve the sweep capability of the oil displacement system and further improve the recovery ratio of crude oil. However, the existing polymer oil displacement agent also has the problem of large adsorption loss, and the salt resistance and temperature resistance of the existing polymer oil displacement agent are greatly challenged, so that the existing polymer oil displacement agent cannot meet higher and higher application requirements. Therefore, although the surfactant/polymer binary complex flooding system, the alkali/surfactant/polymer ternary complex flooding system and the foam profile control flooding system have achieved certain application effects as the most representative chemical flooding systems, the popularization and application of the system are always greatly restricted, and the development and application of the technology for improving the recovery ratio are severely limited. The microsphere/microcapsule technology which is used for encapsulating the surfactant and releasing the surfactant after the surfactant is conveyed to the deep part of an oil reservoir shows application potential, but the existing system can not realize the targeted release of the oil displacement agent, and the problems of poor mechanical stability, low dispersibility and the like exist in the stratum; in addition, the existing microspheres/microcapsules can not realize formation permeability selectivity, and the plugging and profile control capability and the oil washing performance of the microspheres/microcapsules are difficult to be considered, so that the effect of improving the recovery ratio is limited, and the application is restricted. In addition to this, the degradability and green environmental protection of other components (e.g., base material components) than the surfactant are also concerns.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and found problems in the prior art, the invention provides a green microcapsule with permeability selectivity and oil phase targeting function, a preparation system, a preparation method and application thereof, and provides a new technical solution for improving the recovery ratio of conventional oil reservoirs and high-temperature/high-salinity oil reservoirs.
Specifically, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a green targeting microcapsule, which not only overcomes the defect that some high-efficiency oil displacement agents cannot be practically applied due to poor water solubility, temperature resistance and salt resistance, but also can overcome the problem of adsorption loss commonly existing in various surfactants in a chemical oil displacement system. The microcapsule shell has hydrophobicity, and the surfactant is encapsulated in the microcapsule. The microcapsule is stable in water phase and can be dispersed uniformly, and the microcapsule wall shell is dissolved when meeting oil phase, so that the packaged surfactant can be released quickly. The microcapsule has good elasticity and high mechanical stability, ensures the encapsulation capacity of the surfactant in the transportation process and when the displacement fluid passes through different narrow-gap stratums, has strong temperature resistance and salt resistance, and can be used for conventional oil reservoirs and oil reservoirs with high stratum water mineralization.
Based on the green targeted microcapsule, the invention also aims to provide a preparation system of the green targeted microcapsule, wherein the selection and the matching of raw material components in the system are beneficial to the formation of a microcapsule oil displacement system, and the raw materials are easy to obtain and convenient for industrial preparation.
Furthermore, the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the green targeting microcapsule, which adjusts the size of the microcapsule system in the micro-nanometer level and has specific size distribution by controlling the relation between the energy applied by mechanical shearing in the preparation process and the interfacial activity of the system. According to the preparation method, the size of the microcapsule is regulated and controlled according to the requirement of stratum permeability, the prepared microcapsule with larger size is preferentially selected to move in a large pore channel of a high permeability zone to play a role in profile control and plugging, the prepared microcapsule with small size can penetrate and spread to a low permeability layer with high oil saturation, and is broken after contacting with crude oil, a surfactant is released in situ, the oil-water interfacial tension is rapidly reduced, and the function of efficient oil washing is played.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the green targeted microcapsule in oil extraction, for example, in enhanced oil extraction, the microcapsule system for packaging the surfactant has permeability selectivity and oil phase targeting effect, can be used as a blocking agent and a profile control agent in the oil extraction process, and the surfactant is conveyed into the deep part of an oil reservoir by virtue of displacement fluid, and is subjected to oil displacement by virtue of the targeted controlled-release surfactant, so that the crude oil recovery rate is improved, the problem of adsorption loss of the surfactant in the reservoir can be solved, the problem of poor high temperature resistance and salt resistance of the surfactant for efficient oil displacement can be solved, the preparation method is simple, and the green targeted microcapsule is environment-friendly and has important application prospects in the field of tertiary oil extraction.
One or more technical schemes related by the invention at least have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
(1) the shell of the microcapsule oil displacement system is a hydrophobic high-molecular polymer, and is broken after contacting with crude oil, so that a surfactant is released in situ, and the microcapsule oil displacement system has a targeting effect;
(2) the microcapsule oil displacement system has good mechanical stability and is convenient to store and transport;
(3) the microcapsule oil displacement system has controllable size, and can be used for profile control of a high-permeability reservoir and oil washing of a low-permeability reservoir;
(4) the microcapsule oil displacement system is stably dispersed in a water phase medium, has strong temperature resistance and salt resistance, can be applied to the middle and later periods of conventional oil reservoir development to improve the recovery efficiency, and is also applied to the high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoir to improve the recovery efficiency;
(5) the microcapsule oil displacement system takes easily degradable hydrophobic modified natural high molecular polymer as a capsule material, and is green and environment-friendly.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 scanning electron micrograph of a microcapsule prepared in example 1, (a) is a scanning electron micrograph at 270 times magnification; (b) scanning electron micrograph at 3690 magnification
FIG. 2 contact angle test of microcapsules prepared in example 1, (a) is the contact angle of deionized water with a glass plate; (b) contact angle of deionized water with dispersed microcapsules with glass slides.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing interfacial tension between the microcapsules prepared in examples 1 and 2 and water after the microcapsules are dissolved in light oil
FIG. 4 microscopic image of oil-exposed decomposition of microcapsule prepared in example 1
FIG. 5 schematic diagram of elasticity test of microcapsule prepared in example 1
FIG. 6 Young's modulus histogram of microcapsules prepared in example 1
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of a microcapsule
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, in which specific conditions are not noted in the following examples, are generally carried out according to conventional conditions or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturers.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the methods of the present invention. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are intended to be exemplary only.
As described in the background section of the invention, the invention provides a solution for green targeting microcapsules aiming at the problems of adsorption loss of a surfactant in a chemical oil displacement system, degradation or precipitation of the surfactant under high-temperature/high-salt reservoir conditions, and the like, and the problems of targeted release of the oil displacement system, low mechanical stability and dispersibility, poor adaptability to different stratums, limited application of high-temperature/high-salt reservoirs, and the like in the microsphere/microcapsule technology.
First, in one of the objects of the summary of the invention, the present invention provides a green targeting microcapsule, which uses a surfactant as a core material and is composed of a surfactant encapsulated by a supramolecular polymer wall shell with a hydrophobic side chain and a hydrophilic main chain.
The microcapsule is a package with a polymer wall shell, the embedded substance is called a core material, the substance embedding the core material to realize microcapsule gelatinization is called a capsule material, and the microcapsule of the invention can also be called a microcapsule or microsphere structure.
The supermolecule polymer with the hydrophobic side chain and the hydrophilic main chain is an array polymer formed by connecting the main chain with the hydrophilic main chain and the side chain with the hydrophobic repeating units through reversible and directional interaction.
In a specific embodiment, the supramolecular polymer wall shell with a hydrophobic side chain and a hydrophilic main chain is formed by hydrophobic modified high molecular polymers such as hydrophobic modified cellulose and hydrophobic modified polysaccharide polymers, and further formed by hydrophobic modified high molecular polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, phenyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate, hydrophobic modified starch and the like. In this manner, as exemplified in fig. 1, the microcapsules prepared are relatively smooth and dense in surface, free of pores, and ensure the ability to encapsulate surfactants during transportation.
In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the degradability of the capsule wall material and the environmental protection, the supramolecular polymer wall shell of the hydrophobic side chain and the hydrophilic main chain is preferably formed by a hydrophobically modified high molecular polymer such as ethyl cellulose or hydrophobically modified starch polysaccharide. More preferably, and as an exemplary demonstration, one of the embodiments of the present invention uses ethyl cellulose with a viscosity of 200-400 mPas and an ethoxy content of 30-60% to verify the feasibility of the design.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the supramolecular polymer wall shell of the hydrophobic side chain and the hydrophilic main chain in the green targeting microcapsule is formed by the interfacial association of hydrophobic modified high-molecular polymers.
Just because the formed microcapsules (the structural schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 7) have supramolecular polymer wall shells with hydrophobic side chains and hydrophilic main chains, the hydrophobicity of the outer layer endows the oil phase targeting effect of the microcapsules, and the microcapsules enter an oil reservoir along with a displacement fluid (such as a water-driving fluid), and the oil phase microcapsule wall shells are dissolved to release the packaged surfactant, so that crude oil in the stratum is washed.
Furthermore, the wall shell is formed by associating the supermolecule polymer with the hydrophobic side chain and the hydrophilic main chain, so that the microcapsule can resist mechanical disturbance to a certain degree and has partial self-repairing capability, and particularly, the microcapsule formed by the supermolecule polymer has good elasticity and high mechanical stability, thereby not only ensuring the encapsulating capability of the surfactant in the transportation process, but also ensuring the integrity (difficult rupture) of the microcapsule when the displacement fluid passes through different narrow-gap stratums (such as the capillary wall of an oil reservoir).
More particularly, the microcapsule formed based on the capsule wall material components has excellent adaptability to high-temperature and high-salinity conditions, so that the microcapsule can be applied to the middle and later periods of conventional oil reservoir development to improve the recovery efficiency and is also applied to the high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoir to improve the recovery efficiency.
The surfactant has oleophylic (hydrophobic) and hydrophilic (oleophobic) properties, when the surfactant is dissolved in water, molecules are mainly adsorbed on an oil-water interface, the oil-water interface tension can be remarkably reduced, the surfactant can overcome the cohesive force among crude oil, and large oil drops are dispersed into small oil drops, so that the passing rate of the crude oil flowing through the pore throat is improved; the oil displacement effect of the surfactant is also shown in that the oleophilic rock surface is changed into water-wet or neutral-wet, namely the adhesion work of the crude oil in an oil reservoir is reduced, so that the crude oil is easier to elute from the surface of the oil reservoir, and the oil washing efficiency is improved.
As the surfactant of the core material, in the embodiment of the present invention, a surfactant having a high interfacial efficiency, which is particularly suitable for enhanced oil recovery, is mainly used. By category, including but not limited to anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, anionic-nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, anionic-cationic mixed surfactants, and the like.
For example, the anionic-nonionic surfactant may optionally include mainly alkoxy carboxylate, alkoxy sulfonate, alkoxy sulfate ester salt, etc., and the structural formula thereof is represented by the formula (I):
R1—(OR2)x—(OR3)y—(OR4)z—X—Ya-a/bMb+
formula (I)
Wherein R is1Is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl; r2、R3、R4Ethyl, propyl, butyl; x, y and z are polymerization degrees of ethoxy, propoxy and butoxy; x is a connecting group, and is any one of alkyl, alkenyl and aryl which mainly contain 1-10 carbon atoms; y is carboxylate, sulfonate or sulfate; a and b are the valency of the anion and the cation.
The structural formula of the betaine type surfactant is shown as a formula (II), wherein R is long-chain alkyl.
The anionic and cationic mixed surfactants have higher surface activity and stronger solubilization performance on crude oil than single surfactants due to opposite electric properties and opposite attraction, and an alternative use example is to compound anionic (non) ionic surfactant polyether carboxylate and cationic (non) ionic surfactant (polyether) quaternary ammonium salt.
In a specific embodiment, the surfactant used as the core material is preferably a surfactant component having high oil-water interfacial efficiency in view of performance.
The oil-water interfacial efficiency in the embodiment of the invention refers to the reduction value of the interfacial tension of a certain surfactant at the critical micelle concentration.
In actual use, the surfactant with stronger hydrophobicity and high oil-water interface efficacy than the common surfactant is considered to be adopted, so that the dispersing performance of a system in the microcapsule forming process is considered to be improved, the hydrophobic modified high-molecular polymer interface association is facilitated, the surfactant is effectively coated to form the microcapsule, and finally when the microcapsule meets an oil phase to release the surfactant in a targeted manner, the effect of efficiently reducing the interface tension is quickly exerted, the oil phase adaptability is stronger, and the higher oil displacement efficiency is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant as the core material may be: alkanolamides, organic carboxylic acids, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, or organic acid esters. For example, in a preferred embodiment, the surfactant is selected from one or more of Span20, oleic acid, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium petroleum sulfonate, Span85 and polyoxyethylene oleate, and in a more preferred embodiment, Span20 (sorbitan monolaurate), oleic acid and polyoxyethylene oleate are respectively used as more preferred exemplary displays in the embodiment of the invention.
For the green targeting microcapsules of the embodiment, the particle size range is in the micro-nano scale, preferably, the size of the microcapsule is 10nm to 100 μm, and it is optional, the size of the microcapsule covers the range of 10nm to 10 μm, or further, the range of 100nm to 10 μm, or further, the range of 1000nm to 10 μm, for example, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the size of the microcapsule can be controlled below 10 μm, and optionally, below 5 μm, and covers the similar size ranges of 4 μm, 3 μm, 2 μm, and 1 μm. The microcapsules with different sizes are suitable for different stratum requirements, for example, the microcapsules with corresponding size distribution are selected according to the stratum permeability requirement, the microcapsules with larger sizes are preferentially selected to be transported in a large pore channel of a high permeability zone to play a role in profile control and plugging, the microcapsules with small sizes can penetrate and spread to a low permeable layer with high oil saturation, and the oil extraction efficiency is improved.
The microcapsules of the embodiments of the present invention are spherical or spheroidal as a whole, for example, the microcapsules in the specific embodiments are ellipsoidal, the microcapsules have a good dispersion state in water, no adhesion between the microcapsules, and the surface of the microcapsules is relatively smooth and has no pores.
In a preferred embodiment, the elasticity of the microcapsules is measured by a test, and in a preferred embodiment, the elasticity index, Young's modulus, of the microcapsules is greater than 5MPa, more preferably greater than or equal to 7 MPa.
Secondly, aiming at the second purpose of the invention content, the invention provides a preparation system of green targeted microcapsules, which adopts hydrophobic modified high molecular polymer as a capsule material and surfactant as a core material, and the preparation process comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-20 parts of a surfactant;
2-30 parts of capsule wall material.
As mentioned in the above section, the surfactant in the preparation system is mainly surfactant for enhanced oil recovery, and is classified according to categories, including but not limited to anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, anionic-nonionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, anionic-cationic mixed surfactant, and the like.
For the purpose of performance, it is preferable to select a surfactant component having high oil-water interfacial efficiency as the surfactant in the preparation system. Not only the oil displacement efficiency of the surfactant in the final microcapsule is considered, but also the dispersing performance of the system in the microcapsule forming process is considered to be improved in the preparation system, thereby being beneficial to the interface association of the hydrophobic modified high molecular polymer and coating the surfactant to form the microcapsule. In this regard, in a preferred embodiment of the preparation system of the green targeting microcapsule of the present invention, the surfactant is one or more of alkanolamides, organic carboxylic acids, alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers, or organic acid esters. In a more preferred embodiment, the surfactant is one of Span20, alkanolamide, oleic acid, or polyoxyethylene oleate.
It should be noted that the selection of the capsule components in the preparation system of the green targeting microcapsules is one of the important matters. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the capsule wall material is selected from one or more of the following combinations of polysaccharide polymers such as hydrophobically modified cellulose, hydrophobically modified starch and the like; in a further preferred embodiment, the capsule wall material is selected from one or more of ethyl cellulose, cellulose butyrate acetate, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, phenyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate, hydrophobically modified starch polysaccharide; considering the simplicity of the preparation method, one of them may be selected in many cases. The embodiment of the invention in which the capsule material is ethyl cellulose is an exemplary display scheme.
It should be understood that the usage amount of each component in the preparation system of the green targeting microcapsule of the present invention should generally be within a certain moderate range to facilitate the formation of the microcapsule, wherein the configuration range of the core component surfactant and the capsule material is: 1-20 parts of: 2-30 parts of more optional surfactant and capsule wall material, wherein the preparation range of the surfactant and the capsule wall material is 2-10 parts: 4-20 parts, 5-10 parts: 8-25 parts, 1-5 parts: 2-10 parts, and the like, wherein the parts are parts by weight, and the parts are adjusted by a person skilled in the art as long as the molding of the microcapsule can be satisfied.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation system of the green targeting microcapsule further comprises an organic solvent and a dispersion stabilizer according to the requirements of the preparation method, for example, the preparation process comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
in the preparation system, the organic solvent is used for dissolving and co-dispersing the surfactant and the capsule wall material components as long as the functions of the organic solvent are realized; in a preferred embodiment, the organic solvent is a recoverable, low boiling point organic solvent; in a more specific embodiment, the organic solvent is selected from one or a combination of two of acetone and dichloromethane.
For the specific embodiment of the capsule components, ethyl cellulose, surfactant span20 and oleic acid, the organic solvent dichloromethane is preferably adopted in the invention for better preparing the microcapsule system.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate better preparation of the microcapsule, a certain amount of dispersion stabilizer is often added to the preparation system, and the dispersion stabilizer can form a polymer aqueous solution with a certain viscosity with water.
Stabilizers are substances added to the preparation system to prevent or delay changes in the microcapsule system, and are generally water-soluble polymers. Alternatively, examples of stabilizers include, but are not limited to: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, maleic anhydride copolymers such as ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the like, and a stabilizer called Pickering stabilizer, which contains organic or inorganic nano or micro particles, such as nano calcium carbonate or nano silicon dioxide, may also be used.
As a preferred example, the stabilizer of the present invention employs one of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum or alginate. In a specific embodiment, sodium alginate or polyvinyl alcohol is used as the dispersion stabilizer.
In a preferred embodiment, the green targeting microcapsule is prepared by the following steps: 10 parts of organic solvent, 1 part of surfactant, 2 parts of capsule wall material and 12 parts of dispersion stabilizer, or 10 parts of organic solvent, 1 part of surfactant, 2 parts of capsule wall material and 18 parts of dispersion stabilizer.
Further, aiming at the third object of the invention, the invention also provides a preparation method of the green targeting microcapsule, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is to co-disperse the surfactant and the capsule wall material: dissolving a surfactant and a capsule wall material in an organic solvent, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed oil phase solution;
step two, preparation of an aqueous dispersion stabilizer solution: dissolving the dispersion stabilizer in the de-watered water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a dispersion stabilizer aqueous solution;
step three, pre-assembling the microcapsules: adding the mixed oil phase solution into the dispersion stabilizer aqueous solution under the mechanical shearing or ultrasonic condition to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion;
step four, microcapsule forming: heating the oil-in-water emulsion, completely volatilizing the organic solvent, and collecting the product to obtain microcapsules packaged with the surfactant;
wherein the order of the first and second steps may be replaced or performed simultaneously.
In the preparation method of the green targeted microcapsule, the size of the microcapsule system can be adjusted by controlling the relation between the energy applied by mechanical shearing in the preparation process and the interfacial activity of the system, and the like, so that the microcapsules with different sizes and particle diameters can be prepared. In the preparation method, certain mechanical stirring or ultrasonic treatment is applied in the process of forming the emulsion, the system is worked to overcome the interfacial energy between oil and water phases, so that the size of particles in the dispersion system is reduced, and the regulation and control of the size of the microcapsule are realized by regulating the mechanical shear strength or the ultrasonic frequency. By the preparation method, technicians can regulate and control the size distribution of the microcapsules according to the requirement of stratum permeability in the actual use process, for example, the microcapsules with larger sizes are prepared to be preferentially transported in a large pore channel of a high permeability zone to play a role in profile control and plugging, the microcapsules with small sizes can penetrate and spread to a low permeable layer with high oil saturation, and are broken after contacting crude oil, the surfactant is released in situ, the oil-water interface tension is quickly and efficiently reduced, and the function of efficient oil washing is played.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical shearing or ultrasonic condition in the third step is realized by regulating the mechanical stirring speed, the magnetic stirring speed or the ultrasonic frequency; for example, the preferred embodiment of the present invention shows that the microcapsules prepared under the conditions of stirring rate of 400-1000rpm/min (stirring rate of 400rpm/min, 500rpm/min, 600rpm/min, 700rpm/min, 800rpm/min) in the third step have a size particle size distribution range of 5 μm to 1 μm.
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the dispersant solution in the second step of the preparation method is 1% -2%, and under the concentration condition, the dispersibility and the formability of the microcapsule are better, so that the association between high molecular polymers and the coating of a surfactant are more facilitated.
In a preferred embodiment, in the fourth step, the oil-in-water emulsion is heated to a specific temperature range, and is kept at the temperature until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, the organic reagent is condensed and recovered, and the product is centrifuged, washed and dried to obtain a microcapsule system packaged with the surfactant; in a more preferred embodiment, the temperature is in the range of 40 ℃ to 80 ℃ and the holding time is 4 to 8 hours. Specifically, for effective volatilization of the solvent and stability of the microcapsule, the temperature is preferably in the range of 50 ℃ to 60 ℃ and is kept until the solvent is completely volatilized.
In a preferred embodiment, for ease of handling, the co-dispersion of the surfactant and the capsule material in step one is as follows: dissolving surfactant and capsule wall material in organic solvent, and stirring at room temperature for 20-40 min to obtain mixed oil phase solution; and in the second step, a stirring mode is also adopted, namely, the preparation of the dispersion stabilizer aqueous solution: dissolving the dispersion stabilizer in deionized water, and stirring for 30-120 min to obtain aqueous solution of the dispersion stabilizer.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned preparation method is a relatively preferred preparation process for realizing the microcapsule with controllable size, and if only the preparation of the green targeted microcapsule of the present invention is considered, based on the factors of the core material and the capsule material, a person skilled in the art can appropriately select the existing microcapsule preparation process based on the basic concept of the present invention, for example, except for preparing the microcapsule by an emulsion method, alternatively, a solvent evaporation method, a spray method, a microfluidic technology, a centrifugal method, etc. can be used to prepare the microcapsule system with the characteristics of the present invention.
For example, the basic process for preparing the microcapsules of the present invention by spray drying is as follows:
firstly, the prepared core material and the capsule material form emulsified dispersion liquid, the emulsion is formed by an atomization device and is quickly changed into a balanced spherical state, when the emulsion is contacted with hot air introduced in a countercurrent mode, liquid drops begin to dry, and the capsule core is coated by a wall material dried by the hot air to form a solidified microcapsule.
In addition, aiming at the fourth purpose of the invention, the invention also provides the application of the green targeted microcapsule in oil extraction.
Based on the characteristics of green targeted microcapsules, in enhanced oil recovery, a microcapsule system for packaging a surfactant has permeability selectivity and an oil phase targeting effect, can be used as a blocking agent and a profile control agent in the oil recovery process, and can be used for conveying the surfactant into the deep part of an oil reservoir by means of a displacement fluid to displace oil through the targeted controlled-release surfactant, so that the crude oil recovery rate is improved, the problem of adsorption loss of the surfactant in the reservoir can be solved, the problem of poor salt resistance of the surfactant for efficient oil displacement can be solved, the preparation method is simple, green and environment-friendly, and the microcapsule system has an important application prospect in the field of tertiary oil recovery.
In particular embodiments, the use includes at least the use as a plugging and profile control agent in an application; also included are applications for enhanced oil recovery in oil recovery.
The application range comprises not only conventional oil reservoirs such as sandstone oil reservoirs; high temperature/high salt reservoirs, such as fractured carbonate reservoirs, and the like are also included.
For example, the green targeting microcapsule prepared by the embodiment of the invention is diluted by water, and then water is injected into the reservoir to be extracted for oil washing.
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific test examples, and the experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified. In the examples, reagents or materials such as Span20, oleic acid, sodium alginate, ethyl cellulose, dichloromethane and the like are commercially available and are commercially available from various companies, and the adopted ethyl cellulose has the viscosity of 200-400 mPas and the ethoxy content of 30-60%.
Example 1
A green targeting microcapsule preparation system for packaging a surfactant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10 parts of an organic solvent;
1 part of a surfactant;
2 parts of capsule wall material;
12 parts of a dispersion stabilizer.
Wherein the organic solvent is 10 parts of dichloromethane, the surfactant is 1 part of Span20, the capsule wall material is 2 parts of ethyl cellulose, and the dispersion stabilizer is 12 parts of sodium alginate.
The preparation method of the green targeting microcapsule for packaging the surfactant comprises the following steps:
(1) co-dispersing the surfactant and the capsule wall material: dissolving 1 part of Span20 and 2 parts of ethyl cellulose in 10 parts of dichloromethane, and continuously stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature to obtain 13 parts of mixed oil phase solution;
(2) preparation of aqueous dispersion stabilizer solution: adding 12 parts of sodium alginate into 1200 parts of deionized water, and stirring for 120 minutes at 25 ℃ to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1%;
(3) pre-assembling the microcapsules: and (3) dropwise adding 13 parts of the mixed oil phase solution into the sodium alginate aqueous solution under the condition that the stirring speed is 400rpm/min, and finishing dropping for 10 minutes until the solution is milky white, thus obtaining the oil-in-water emulsion.
(4) And (3) microcapsule forming: and heating the oil-in-water emulsion until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and centrifuging, washing and drying the product to obtain the microcapsule system for packaging the surfactant.
Example 2
The preparation method of the microcapsule oil displacement system with different sizes comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the organic solvent is 10 parts of dichloromethane, the surfactant is 1 part of Span20, the capsule wall material is 2 parts of ethyl cellulose, and the dispersion stabilizer is 12 parts of sodium alginate.
The preparation method of the green targeting microcapsule oil displacement system for packaging the oil displacement agent comprises the following steps:
(1) co-dispersing the surfactant and the capsule wall material: dissolving 1 part of Span20 and 2 parts of ethyl cellulose in 10 parts of dichloromethane, and continuously stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature to obtain 13 parts of mixed oil phase solution;
(2) preparation of aqueous dispersion stabilizer solution: adding 12 parts of sodium alginate into 1200 parts of deionized water, and stirring for 120 minutes at 25 ℃ to obtain a sodium alginate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1%;
(3) pre-assembling the microcapsules: and (3) dropwise adding 13 parts of mixed oil phase solution into the sodium alginate aqueous solution at different stirring rates, and completing dropwise adding within 10 minutes until the solution is milky white, thus obtaining the oil-in-water emulsion.
(4) And (3) microcapsule forming: heating the oil-in-water emulsion until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and centrifuging, washing and drying the product to obtain a microcapsule system for packaging the oil-displacing agent;
the stirring rates described in step (3) of this example were 500rpm/min, 600rpm/min, 700rpm/min, and 800rpm/min, respectively.
Example 3
A green targeting microcapsule for packaging a surfactant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the organic solvent is 10 parts of dichloromethane, the surfactant is 1 part of oleic acid, the capsule wall material is 2 parts of ethyl cellulose, and the dispersion stabilizer is 18 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
The preparation method of the green targeting microcapsule oil displacement system for packaging the surfactant comprises the following steps:
(1) co-dispersing the surfactant and the capsule wall material: dissolving 1 part of oleic acid and 2 parts of ethyl cellulose in 10 parts of dichloromethane, and continuously stirring for 20 minutes at room temperature to obtain 13 parts of mixed oil phase solution;
(2) preparation of aqueous dispersion stabilizer solution: adding 18 parts of polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water, and stirring at 80 ℃ for 100 minutes to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1.5%;
(3) dropwise adding the mixed oil phase solution into the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution under the condition that the stirring speed is 600rpm/min, and finishing dropping for 20 minutes until the solution is milky white, thus obtaining the oil-in-water emulsion.
(4) And heating the oil-in-water emulsion until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and centrifuging, washing and drying the product to obtain the microcapsule system for packaging the surfactant.
Example 4
A green targeting microcapsule for packaging a surfactant is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
wherein the organic solvent is 12 parts of acetone, the surfactant is 1 part of polyoxyethylene oleate, the capsule wall material is 2 parts of hydrophobically modified starch polysaccharide-starch caprylate, and the dispersion stabilizer is 25 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The preparation method of the green targeting microcapsule oil displacement system for packaging the surfactant comprises the following steps:
(1) co-dispersing the surfactant and the capsule wall material: dissolving 1 part of petroleum sodium sulfonate and 2 parts of hydrophobically modified starch polysaccharide in 12 parts of acetone, and continuously stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature to obtain a mixed oil phase solution;
(2) preparation of aqueous dispersion stabilizer solution: adding 25 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone into deionized water, and stirring at 80 ℃ for 100 minutes to obtain a polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1%;
(3) and dropwise adding the mixed oil phase solution into the polyvinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution under the condition that the stirring speed is 600rpm/min, and finishing dropping for 15 minutes until the solution is milky white, thus obtaining the oil-in-water emulsion.
(4) Heating the oil-in-water emulsion in a fume hood until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, and centrifuging, washing and drying the product to obtain the microcapsule system for packaging the surfactant.
Example 5
The microcapsules prepared in example 1 were used for external morphology analysis tests.
0.01 part of microcapsule is taken and dispersed in 10 parts of deionized water. A small amount of the well dispersed suspension is dropped on a clean silicon wafer to be tested by a scanning electron microscope, and the test result is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the microcapsules have a good dispersion state in water and no blocking condition among each other. And the surface of the microcapsule is relatively smooth and has no pores, so that the encapsulation capacity of the surfactant in the transportation process is ensured.
Example 6
Particle size analysis tests were performed using the microcapsule flooding systems prepared in examples 1 and 2.
0.2 part of each microcapsule prepared under the conditions of stirring speed of 400rpm/min, 500rpm/min, 600rpm/min, 700rpm/min and 800rpm/min was dispersed in 20mL of deionized water, and the particle size was analyzed, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 particle size distribution of microcapsules at different agitation rates
| Sample (I) | Particle size (nm) |
| Sample 1(400rpm/min) | 4934 |
| Sample 2(500rpm/min) | 4295 |
| Sample 3(600rpm/min) | 3966 |
| Sample 4(700rpm/min) | 2234 |
| Sample 5(800rpm/min) | 1539 |
The size of the microcapsules varied with the stirring rate. The microcapsule size gradually decreases with the increase of the stirring speed, which shows that the microcapsule system is controllable in size, and the size distribution of the microcapsules can be regulated according to the formation permeability.
Example 7
The microcapsule oil displacement system prepared in example 1 was used for microcapsule water phase dispersibility test.
0.1 part of the microcapsule was dispersed in 10 parts of deionized water, and dropped on a glass plate, and the contact angle between the water in which the microcapsule was dispersed and the glass plate was measured. It can be found that: the contact angles tested by experiments are 46 +/-3 degrees, which shows that the microcapsules are only dispersed in water and can not be dissolved in the water, and the microcapsules play a role in protecting the surfactant in the transportation process and reduce the adsorption loss of the surfactant.
Example 8
Oil-water interfacial tension test was performed using the microcapsule flooding systems prepared in examples 1 and 2.
0.1g of each microcapsule prepared under the conditions of stirring speed of 400rpm/min, 500rpm/min, 600rpm/min, 700rpm/min and 800rpm/min is taken, and 40g of light oil is taken, wherein the viscosity of the light oil is 6.22mPa & s, the carbon number distribution is 12-27, and the light oil mainly comprises components such as alkane, cycloparaffin and the like.
The interfacial tension was tested as follows: 0.1g of the microcapsules was divided into 0.01g, 0.02g, 0.03g and 0.04g, and each was added to 2g of light oil, stirred at 40 ℃ for 10min, and then the interfacial tension of the mixed phase and the aqueous phase was measured with an interfacial tension meter. The test results are shown in fig. 3; it can be found that: the oil-water interfacial tension is lower and lower with the increase of the microcapsule quality. The reason is that after the microcapsule contacts oil, the ethyl cellulose shell is broken to release the surfactant, reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and play a role in efficiently washing the oil. Meanwhile, with the reduction of the stirring speed, the microencapsulated surfactant is more and more, and the capability of reducing the interfacial tension is stronger and stronger.
Target release test of oil displacement system
The microcapsule flooding system prepared in example 1 was used for targeted release testing.
0.1 part of the microcapsule is dispersed in 10 parts of deionized water, and dropped on a slide glass. Taking 0.1 part of light oil, wherein the viscosity of the light oil is 6.22mPa & s, the carbon number distribution is 12-27, and the light oil mainly comprises components such as alkane, cycloparaffin and the like. The light oil was slowly dropped from one side of the glass slide, and the microcapsule morphology was observed under a microscope, and the result is shown in fig. 4.
According to the experimental result, the microcapsule starts to decompose on the side contacting with the light oil, and has a targeting effect. This is because ethyl cellulose has hydrophobic properties and dissolves in oil. Similar phenomena were also observed with the microencapsulated flooding systems prepared in examples 3 and 4.
Example 9
Temperature and salt tolerance tests were performed using the microencapsulated flooding systems prepared in examples 1 and 4
0.1 part of each microcapsule is taken and dispersed in 10 parts of deionized water, and after the microcapsules are placed in a water bath at the temperature of 80 ℃ and heated for 3 days, the microcapsules are found to have no rupture, which indicates that the microcapsule oil displacement system has certain temperature resistance.
50mL of simulated formation water having a degree of mineralization of 18826ppm was prepared, and the formation water composition is shown in Table 2. 0.1 part of each microcapsule is dispersed in 50mL of stratum aqueous solution, and after stirring for 3 days, the microcapsule shell is not broken, which indicates that the microcapsule oil displacement system has certain salt tolerance.
TABLE 2 simulated formation aqueous solution ion composition
| Ion type | HCO3 - | Cl- | SO4 2- | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Na+ | K+ | Total amount of |
| Concentration (mg/L) | 756 | 10326 | 558 | 117 | 50 | 4000 | 3019 | 18826 |
Example 10
Elasticity test of microcapsules
The microcapsule flooding system prepared in example 1 was used for the elasticity test.
0.1 part of microcapsule is taken and dispersed in 10 parts of deionized water, and the microcapsule is dripped on a mica sheet and naturally dried. The elastic change of the microcapsules was observed by contacting the microcapsules with a probe on an AFM cantilever. The test procedure is shown in fig. 5. With the probe going deep, the microcapsule shows a certain elasticity. When the probe is withdrawn, the microcapsules exhibit some viscosity. As shown in fig. 6, it is found from the experimental results that the young's modulus of the microcapsules is about 7MPa, indicating that the microcapsules have a certain elasticity.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Claims (34)
1. A green targeting microcapsule is characterized in that the microcapsule takes a surfactant as a core material and is formed by wrapping the surfactant by a supermolecule polymer wall shell of a hydrophobic side chain and a hydrophilic main chain, wherein the supermolecule polymer wall shell of the hydrophobic side chain and the hydrophilic main chain is formed by associating an ethyl cellulose or a hydrophobic modified starch polysaccharide-starch caprylate interface, and the surfactant of the core material is selected from Span20, oleic acid and polyoxyethylene oleate;
the preparation method of the microcapsule comprises the following steps:
the first step is to co-disperse the surfactant and the capsule wall material: dissolving a surfactant and a capsule wall material in an organic solvent, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed oil phase solution;
step two, preparation of an aqueous dispersion stabilizer solution: dissolving the dispersion stabilizer in water, and uniformly mixing to obtain a dispersion stabilizer aqueous solution;
step three, pre-assembling the microcapsules: adding the mixed oil phase solution into the dispersion stabilizer aqueous solution under the mechanical shearing or ultrasonic condition to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion;
step four, microcapsule forming: heating the oil-in-water emulsion, completely volatilizing the organic solvent, and collecting the product to obtain microcapsules packaged with the surfactant;
wherein the order of the first and second steps may be replaced or performed simultaneously.
2. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the supramolecular polymer wall shell of hydrophobic side chains, hydrophilic backbone is formed by ethylcellulose having a viscosity of 200-400 mPa-s and an ethoxy content of 30-60%.
3. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the particle size range of the green targeting microcapsule is in the micro-nano scale.
4. A green targeting microcapsule according to claim 3, wherein the microcapsule has a size of 1nm to 100 μm.
5. A green targeting microcapsule according to claim 4, wherein the microcapsule size is in the range of 10nm to 10 μm.
6. A green targeting microcapsule according to claim 5, wherein the microcapsule size covers the range of 100nm-10 μm.
7. A green targeting microcapsule according to claim 6, wherein the microcapsule size covers the range of 1000nm-10 μm.
8. A green targeting microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the microcapsule is spherical or spheroidal in its entirety.
9. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 8, wherein the young's modulus of the microcapsule is greater than 5 MPa.
10. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 9, wherein the young's modulus of the microcapsule is greater than or equal to 7 Mpa.
11. The green targeted microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical shearing or ultrasonic conditions in the third step are achieved by controlling mechanical stirring, magnetic stirring rate or ultrasonic frequency.
12. The green targeting microcapsule as set forth in claim 11, wherein the stirring speed in step three is 400-1000rpm/min, and the size distribution of the microcapsule is 5 μm-1 μm.
13. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the dispersant solution in the second preparation method step is 1% -2%.
14. The green targeting microcapsule of claim 1, wherein in step four the oil-in-water emulsion is heated to a specific temperature range and held at that temperature until the organic solvent is completely volatilized, the organic agent is condensed and recovered, and the product is centrifuged, washed and dried to provide the surfactant-encapsulated microcapsule system.
15. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 14, wherein the temperature is in the range of 40 ℃ to 80 ℃ and the holding time is 4 to 8 hours.
16. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 15, wherein the temperature is in the range of 50 ℃ to 60 ℃ and is maintained until the solvent is completely volatilized.
17. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the co-dispersion of the surfactant and the capsule wall material in the first step: dissolving surfactant and capsule wall material in organic solvent, and stirring at room temperature for 20-40 min to obtain mixed oil phase solution.
18. The green targeting microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein the second step is a stirring step, i.e. the preparation of the dispersion stabilizer aqueous solution: dissolving the dispersion stabilizer in deionized water, and stirring for 30-120 min to obtain aqueous solution of the dispersion stabilizer.
19. The preparation system of the green targeting microcapsule according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein a hydrophobically modified high molecular polymer is used as a capsule wall material, and a surfactant is used as a core material, and the preparation process comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
1-20 parts of a surfactant;
2-30 parts of capsule wall material.
20. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules according to claim 19, wherein the configuration range of the surfactant and the capsule wall material is as follows: 1-20 parts of: 2-30 parts.
21. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules according to claim 20, wherein the configuration range of the surfactant and the capsule wall material is 2-10 parts: 4-20 parts, or 5-10 parts: 8-25 parts, or 1-5 parts: 2-10 parts.
22. The system for preparing green targeting microcapsules according to claim 19, wherein the system for preparing green targeting microcapsules further comprises an organic solvent and a dispersion stabilizer.
23. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules according to claim 19, wherein the preparation process comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-20 parts of an organic solvent;
1-20 parts of a surfactant;
2-30 parts of a capsule wall material;
6-30 parts of a dispersion stabilizer.
24. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules of claim 23, wherein the organic solvent is a recyclable organic solvent with a low boiling point.
25. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules according to claim 24, wherein the organic solvent is selected from one or a combination of acetone and dichloromethane.
26. The system for preparing green targeting microcapsules according to claim 23, wherein the stabilizer is a polymer.
27. The system for preparing green targeting microcapsules according to claim 23, wherein the stabilizer comprises: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and maleic anhydride copolymer.
28. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules according to claim 27, wherein the stabilizer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum or alginate.
29. The system for preparing green targeted microcapsules according to claim 19, wherein the system for preparing green targeted microcapsules is: 10 parts of organic solvent, 1 part of surfactant, 2 parts of capsule wall material and 12 parts of dispersion stabilizer, or 10 parts of organic solvent, 1 part of surfactant, 2 parts of capsule wall material and 18 parts of dispersion stabilizer.
30. Use of a green targeting microcapsule according to any of claims 1-18 in oil recovery.
31. Use according to claim 30, characterized in that the use is as a plugging and profile control agent in oil recovery.
32. Use according to claim 30, wherein the use is an enhanced oil recovery application in oil recovery.
33. The use according to claim 30, wherein the application area is selected from conventional reservoirs or high temperature/high salt reservoirs.
34. Use according to claim 30, characterized in that the use comprises use in tertiary oil recovery.
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