CN112300764A - Foam formula for safe drilling of water-sensitive stratum and preparation method - Google Patents
Foam formula for safe drilling of water-sensitive stratum and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/38—Gaseous or foamed well-drilling compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/44—Products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds, e.g. organoclay material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
- C08G65/322—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/321—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds
- C08G65/325—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with inorganic compounds containing nitrogen
- C08G65/3255—Ammonia
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Abstract
The invention relates to a foam formula for safe drilling aiming at a water-sensitive stratum and a preparation method thereof. The composite material consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 1.0 percent of strong inhibition foaming agent, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of inorganic tackifier, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of foam stabilizer, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of bentonite, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of NaOH and the balance of water. The strong inhibition water-based foam system drilling fluid has the temperature resistance of 150 ℃, the half-life period of 60min, good rheological property after high-temperature aging, good stability, good inhibition performance and good sand carrying capacity, and is suitable for exploration and development of various formations which are easy to leak, water and drill at a slow speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource exploration and oil exploitation, in particular to a foam formula for safe drilling of a water-sensitive stratum and a preparation method thereof.
Background
1. Geological characteristics of the Szechwan blocks:
the stratum in Sichuan area is normal sequence, the lithology of the stratum is very complicated from top to bottom, and sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone layer sections are frequently layered. The clay mineral components and water sensitivity of the shale sections with different depths are obviously different, a coal bed exists in the bottom layer section, and part of sandstone layer sections are high-pressure high-yield gas layers. The surface of the earth is exposed to the fourth series stratum; the lithology is dark brown planting soil and a variegated gravel layer. The strata are respectively a fourth series from top to bottom; chalk is the Jianmenguan group; jurassic series Penlaizhen group, TUNNING group, Shaxi Temple group, and Qianfo combined Baitian damen group; five sections, four sections, three sections and two sections of the upper three-folded-system beard family river group.
The surface layer (above the fourth series stratum) mainly comprises planting soil and a clay layer, the bottom of the surface layer is variegated fine sand and a small amount of gravels, the stratum is loose, the rock strength is low, the clay layer and the sandstone have strong water sensitivity, the clay expands and disperses when meeting water, the sandstone and the gravels are calcified and cemented, the stratum is loose, the rock strength is low, and the loose sandstone and the gravels are possibly collapsed and unstable after meeting the water.
The chalky series Jianmen closing group stratum is mainly gravelly sandstone, is mixed with a thin mudstone layer section, has a gravestone layer section at the bottom, is cemented by calcium, is loose, has low rock strength and has stronger water sensitivity.
The formation shale sandstone of the Jurassic series Penlaitown frequently interbedded strata, the sandstone layer section is argillaceous cementation, occasional siliceous cementation, pore type cementation, relatively loose, and partial layer section produces gas. The clay mineral is mainly an illite/montmorillonite mixed layer and a green/montmorillonite mixed layer, has high cation exchange capacity and specific surface area and strong water sensitivity, and once the clay mineral is hydrated and expanded seriously with water, the rock strength becomes very low, and the wall of a mudstone layer tends to be unstable. For sandstone intervals, because the stratum is loose and is cemented by mud, water can easily invade the loose sandstone stratum, so that the cement of the mud is hydrated and expanded to generate expansion stress, the strength is reduced, and the stability is deteriorated.
The stratum of the tunneling group is a frequent interbedded layer of fine siltstone and mudstone, the sandstone is calcareous cemented and is very compact, and the rock strength is high. The clay mineral in the mudstone layer is mainly an illite/montmorillonite mixed layer, contains illite and chlorite, and has large cation exchange capacity and strong water sensitivity.
And going to the stratum mudstone, the silty sandstone, the argillaceous silty sandstone and the fine-grained detritus sandstone of the temple group. The sandstone layer section is in a pore type and contact type cementation, is a siliceous cementing material, is relatively loose and exists in a high-pressure gas production layer. The clay minerals in the mudstone interval mainly comprise chlorite and illite, the high bony rock and illite/montmorillonite mixed layer exist in a small amount, the clay minerals are highly water-sensitive, and the clay minerals are soft mudstone intervals and generally have the diameter-reducing and drilling-jamming phenomenon after meeting water. The formation sand and mudstone of the lower Shaxi temple group are frequently interbedded, the sandstone layer section is in a pore type, contact type cementation, calcareous and muddy cementation, and is compact, and gas is produced in a part of the layer section. The composition of the mudstone clay mineral is similar to that of the mudstone layer of the Mirabio group, the mudstone clay mineral has strong water sensitivity, and the soft mudstone layer has the diameter shrinkage and drilling jamming phenomenon after meeting water.
The mudstone and the siltstone on the upper part of the stratum of the cliff group have different thicknesses, the bottom is conglomerate, the sandstone is argillaceous cement and is unevenly distributed, and the conglomerate is argillaceous cement and is relatively compact. The clay mineral in the mudstone layer is mainly chlorite and illite, and the kaolinite and the illite/montmorillonite mixed layer exist in small quantity and have strong water sensitivity.
The white field dam group is formed by a mutual layer of stratum mudstone, silty mudstone and rock debris quartz sandstone, and a layer of oolitic limestone is arranged on the top of the mutual layer. The sandstone is pore-type cementing, and is a argillaceous cementing material, and is relatively compact. The mudstone interval has higher water sensitivity.
The mudstone, sandstone and conglomerate of the beard river group have complicated lithological distribution, are mutually layered with unequal thickness and contain black coal beds, and the lithological longitudinal distribution profile shows that the mudstone layer of the beard river group is distributed more, clay minerals mainly comprise illite and chlorite and contain a small amount of kaolinite, the mudstone layer of the beard river group has low water sensitivity and is a hard and brittle mudstone layer, the micro cracks of the hard and brittle mudstone are developed very easily, and the micro cracks are expanded and extended easily due to external force disturbance in the drilling process, new cracks are generated, once the water meets water, the water enters the near-well wall stratum along the crack surface, so that the rock strength is reduced, and the well wall is broken and chipped.
Through research and analysis on the lithologic longitudinal distribution profile of the stratum in the Sichuan area, the lithologic distribution of the area is very complex, sandstone, conglomerate and mudstone are frequently interacted, the mudstone layer section is very developed, and the mudstone layer sections have larger difference from top to bottom. The upper mudstone layer is loose, has high water sensitivity and strong hydration expansibility, is a soft mudstone stratum, and becomes unstable after meeting water; in a deep mudstone stratum, the rock is compact and not strong in water sensitivity, and the hydration expansion force generated after the rock meets water is not large, but the rock is rich in microcracks and can generate new microcracks under the disturbance of external force, water enters the stratum along the microcrack surface, the rock strength is reduced, and a well wall tends to be unstable.
Mechanism analysis of geological collapse
The cause of the instability of the well wall in Sichuan is mainly the instability of the shale. Shale is a generic term for mudstone and shale, and refers to sedimentary rock mainly composed of clay minerals and having a high consolidation degree. In which the bedding is not obvious, the blocky one is called mudstone, and the one with micro-bedding is called shale. The shale mainly comprises clay minerals, terrestrial clastic minerals and non-clay minerals, wherein the clay minerals are key factors influencing the physical and chemical properties of the shale.
The stability of the shale under a certain condition depends on the strength of the shale in resisting physical and chemical changes under the condition, and the capability is reflected by the physicochemical property of the shale. The components and the structure of the shale are internal factors influencing the stability of the shale, the physical and chemical properties are external expressions of the stability of the shale, and the physical and chemical properties are limited by the texture of the shale. For a particular borehole wall shale, the external condition is a fuse that induces shale destabilization. These external conditions include various chemical, physical, mechanical, and geological factors under borehole wall conditions. When the shale is drilled by the stratum, the drilling fluid is directly contacted with the shale, and the clay mineral is hydrated. Most of the borehole wall instability is caused by hydration expansion and dispersion of clay minerals in the shale, obviously, the main reason of the borehole wall shale instability caused by the hydration of the clay minerals is obvious, and the characteristics of the borehole wall shale, the geological environment and the contacted drilling fluid have certain influence on the hydration.
The hydrophilicity and the dispersibility are important attributes of clay minerals which are main components of the shale, the hydration of the clay comprises surface hydration and osmotic hydration, the clay minerals can absorb water and expand, and the distances between crystal layers are increased, so that the internal consolidation strength of the shale is reduced, the compressive capacity is reduced, the wall of a shale well is unstable, drilling accidents are induced, meanwhile, the dispersion of the shale is also a result of the interaction of water and the shale, and unstable phenomena such as well collapse, block falling and the like easily occur in well sections with serious dispersion.
The foam drilling is a drilling mode by using a cellular foam fluid formed by mixing air or nitrogen and other gases with a foaming agent base fluid as a drilling fluid, and the drilling fluid has the characteristics of low density, high viscosity and strong rock carrying capacity. The upper continental stratum in the Sichuan area has the geological characteristics of crack development, multiple pores, frequent sand-mud-rock interbedding, lower stratum pressure coefficient and relatively common stratum water outlet, the defects of easy loss, slow drilling speed, invasion into a polluted stratum and the like exist in the application of the conventional water-based drilling fluid, the air foam drilling well has the advantages of improving the mechanical drilling speed, effective air loss and the like, the problem of drilling the shallow stratum in the peripheral area of the Sichuan can be solved smoothly, the main selection for smooth and low-cost drilling of the stratum is developed after more than ten years of exploration, and the average mechanical drilling speed can reach 6-10m/h and is 5-10 times that of the conventional water-based drilling fluid. At present, about 20 wells are drilled in Szechwan and peripheral areas by using foams in China petrochemical industry every year, about 30 wells are constructed in the areas by using medium petroleum oil every year, and a foam drilling process is required for a large-size well hole (more than 445mm) with malignant leakage on the surface layer.
However, in recent years, with the strictness of environmental protection policy, the application range of the common foam drilling process is smaller and smaller, and after the construction of the Yuan-Dong-Chuanbei area is completed, the surface layer popularization of shale gas blocks in Chongqing areas, ultra-deep wells in Chongxi sea phases and the like is difficult, and the main reasons are two points: firstly, foam drilling generates a large amount of sewage, usually in the 500-800 and even 2000-square, and has high treatment cost and large environmental risk; second, large volumes of wastewater require large wastewater ponds to be constructed on site, which is costly to land and construct. The reason that a large amount of waste water is generated by a foam drill is analyzed, except that part of wells are caused by large stratum water yield, the method is mainly characterized in that when the drill meets a mudstone layer, the conventional foam base fluid contains water and a foaming agent has a certain promotion effect on shale hydration, the viscosity of the foam base fluid is promoted by the mudstone hydration, the foam is influenced by overlarge viscosity, clear water and drilling materials need to be supplemented in large quantity, in addition, when a long-section mudstone stratum or a mudstone interlayer is drilled, the foam base fluid is poor in wall protection inhibition performance, the blockage phenomenon (block falling and mud pocket) is easy to occur due to insufficient inhibition performance, and the underground safety risk and the difficulty of casing operation in the later period are increased. The technology for strongly inhibiting the foam drilling fluid and the environment-friendly application process are developed, the inhibition of the foam base fluid is emphasized, the utilization efficiency of the foam base fluid is improved, the purposes of improving the safety of foam drilling and reducing the amount of wastewater treatment are achieved, the method has obvious significance for the wide-range popularization and application of the foam drilling, and can provide stronger technical support for the drilling construction in southwest areas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the background art, the invention provides a foam formula and a preparation method for safe drilling of a water-sensitive stratum, the temperature resistance reaches 150 ℃, the half-life period reaches 60min, the defects of the existing foam system are overcome by researching and developing a water-based foam system with strong inhibition and forming corresponding technological measures in a matching way, the application drilling depth of the foam drilling technology is effectively extended, the application field of the foam drilling technology is expanded, and the goal of improving the safety speed and the efficiency of the foam drilling is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized in the following manner:
a foam formula for safe drilling aiming at a water-sensitive stratum comprises the following components: 0.5 to 1.0 percent of strong inhibition foaming agent, 0.55 to 1.0 percent of inorganic tackifier, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of foam stabilizer, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of bentonite, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of NaOH and the balance of water (in mass percentage).
The inhibiting foaming agent is a foaming agent containing an inhibitor product NH-1, the inhibitor product NH-1 is prepared by hydrogenating and aminating polyether alcohol, and the polyether alcohol is prepared by introducing ammonia gas and hydrogen gas under the condition of catalyst existence and reacting at a certain reaction temperature and pressure. The molecular weight and degree of polymerization of the polyamine inhibitor are determined by the molecular weight and degree of polymerization of the starting polyether alcohol.
Note: in the above formula R1、R2Is a C1-4 linear chain or branched chain alkane.
The relative inhibition rate of the inhibitor NH-1 is 95.88%, which meets the technical requirements. By adding the polyamine NH-1, the inhibition effect of the foam formula is greatly increased, and the problem of drilling in which the water-sensitive stratum in the Sichuan area is easy to collapse is effectively solved.
The inorganic tackifier is a hydrophobically modified tackifier formed by treating montmorillonite with a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant.
The foam stabilizer is a silicone polyether emulsion, and the molecules can control the structural stability of a bubble liquid film, so that the molecules of the surfactant are orderly distributed in the bubble liquid film, and the foam has good elasticity and self-repairing capability.
The bentonite has the main mineral functional component of montmorillonite, is a modified and synthesized product according to the structural property of natural montmorillonite, has the high-grade content of 85-90%, and has the properties determined by the montmorillonite.
The preparation method of the foam formula for safe drilling of the water-sensitive stratum comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 2-6 parts of surfactant containing sulfonic acid groups, 3-8 parts of surfactant containing carboxylic acid groups and 6-12 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate according to parts by weight, adding the weighed materials into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding 2-5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, 1-6 parts of tetradecyl dimethyl betaine and 0.1-0.8 part of glycerol, and stirring for 0.4 hour;
and 2, sequentially adding 0-15 parts by mass of methanol and 57-72 parts by mass of water into the kettle, and continuously stirring for 0.8 hour to obtain the foaming agent for the oil field.
And 3, sequentially adding 1-2 parts of polyamine into the kettle, and continuously stirring for 0.8 hour to obtain the strong inhibition foaming agent.
And B, using the methanol as an additive of the anti-freezing foaming agent, and using water as the non-anti-freezing foaming agent to replace the addition of the methanol.
The inhibiting component in the strong inhibiting foaming agent is mainly an organic matter with a plurality of amino groups, elements containing oxygen, nitrogen and the like and having surface activity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the temperature resistance of the foam formula for safe drilling of the water-sensitive stratum reaches 150 ℃, and the drilling fluid has good rheological property and fluid loss control capability after high-temperature aging; the drilling fluid has the advantages of high suspension stability, inhibitive energy consumption, capability of meeting the operation requirement of a high-temperature well, capability of improving the mechanical drilling speed, effective control of leakage and the like, and capability of smoothly solving the problem of drilling a shallow stratum in the peripheral area of Sichuan.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a foam drilling process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the process for preparing the blowing agent of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more obvious, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so as to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
Note: the percentages described in the present examples are percentages by mass, and parts are also calculated by mass.
As shown in fig. 2, example 1: preparation of basic blowing agent
The preparation process of the basic foaming agent comprises the following steps:
a: weighing 2-6 parts of surfactant containing sulfonic acid groups, 3-8 parts of surfactant containing carboxylic acid groups and 6-12 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, adding into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding 2-5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, 1-6 parts of tetradecyl dimethyl betaine and 0.1-0.8 part of glycerol, and stirring for 0.4 hour.
B. And (2) sequentially adding 0-15 parts (by mass) of methanol and 57-72 parts (by mass) of water into the kettle, and continuously stirring for 0.8 hour to obtain the foaming agent for the oil field.
And B, using the methanol as an additive of the anti-freezing foaming agent, and using water as the non-anti-freezing foaming agent to replace the addition of the methanol.
The foaming agent introduces sulfonic acid groups and carboxylic acid groups, the reasonable compounding of the sulfonic acid groups and the carboxylic acid groups can generate a synergistic effect, wherein double bonds, the carboxylic groups and the sulfonic groups have a boiling effect on metal ions together, and the oil-water interfacial tension can still be ultralow under the condition of high salinity. Meanwhile, the sulfonic acid group and the carboxylic acid group have good compatibility and synergistic effect, so that the state of the surfactant is more stable, and the surfactant is compounded with other surfactants to obtain the temperature-resistant salt-tolerant foaming agent. The foaming agent can be used for oil field development operations such as oil well acidification, oil and gas well drifting and well flushing, gas well fracturing, gas well drainage and gas production and the like, has the characteristics of temperature resistance, strong salt tolerance, high foaming quantity, high foaming quality, fine and stable foam and compatibility with other additives used in oil fields, and particularly has good foaming effects in stratum water with the mineralization degree of 6000mg/L and stratum with the temperature of 150 ℃ aiming at high-temperature and high-mineralization degree ultra-low permeability oil and gas areas.
C. And sequentially adding 1-2 parts of polyamine into the kettle, namely introducing a temperature-resistant and salt-resistant amine group, and continuously stirring for 0.8 hour to obtain the strong inhibition foaming agent. The strongly-inhibited foaming agent mainly comprises an organic matter with surface activity and a plurality of amino groups, oxygen-nitrogen-containing elements and the like, and the purpose of inhibiting clay hydration is realized mainly through the following three mechanisms:
(1) the amino nitrogen atom has unshared electron pairs and can be combined with protons, so that when the amino nitrogen atom is dissolved in water, the amino nitrogen atom can abstract the protons from the water to form positively charged ammonium positive ions, so that the aqueous solution is weakly alkaline. The ammonium positive ions and inorganic cations among clay layers form a chemical potential difference, the chemical potential difference drives the ammonium positive ions to enter the clay layers, and the protonated ammonium ions replace the inorganic hydrated cations through ion exchange, so that the Zeta potential of the clay particles is reduced.
(2) The amino group on the same molecule is combined with the proton to generate a plurality of ammonium positive ions which are respectively adsorbed on adjacent clay sheet layers and bind the clay sheet layers together, and partial interlayer adsorbed water is extruded out at the same time, so that the clay hydration tendency is weakened.
(3) Chemical bonds in the molecules and silica in the clay form hydrogen bonds, and the chemical bonds are adsorbed and coated on the surface of the clay. After adsorption, hydrophobic groups in the molecular structure of the clay cover the surface of the clay, so that an isolation film is formed between the clay and water, the hydrophilicity of the clay is continuously weakened, and the hydration of the clay is further inhibited.
D. 3-4 parts of bentonite, 1-2 parts of inorganic tackifier, 1-3 parts of caustic soda NaOH and 1-3 parts of foam stabilizer are added into the strong inhibition foaming agent, so that the strong inhibition water-based foam drilling fluid system is obtained. The performance of the water-based foam system was evaluated using the Waring Blender method and the inhibitory effect of the water-based foam system was evaluated using a rolling recovery test.
The rolling recovery rate of the clear water and oil base formula (100% white oil) is compared after the mixture is heated for 48 hours at 150 ℃ by a roller heating furnace.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: and evaluating the primary rolling recovery rate of the rock debris under different formula conditions and the secondary clear water roller recovery rate of the rock sample treated by different formulas in clear water.
(1) High-dispersion rock debris
TABLE 2 Rolling shale recovery experiment for different treatment fluids
| Base liquid formula | Clean water | White oil | Strong-inhibition foam drilling fluid |
| Rock debris/g | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| One-time rolling recovery/g | 6.7 | 26.1 | 22.7 |
| The recovery rate of the primary rolling | 22.3 | 87.0 | 75.7 |
| One-time rolling recovery/g | 5.9 | 4.6 | 6.5 |
| Rolling recovery rate of secondary clear water% | 19.7 | 15.3 | 21.7 |
(2) Low dispersion rock debris
TABLE 3 Rolling shale recovery experiments with different treatment fluids
As can be seen from the above table, the inhibition effect of the strongly inhibited foam drilling fluid system is more obvious than that of white oil.
Application in oil field
(1) Application of strong inhibition water-based foam system in 1 well deep in Sichuan
A Weak 1 well was a five-run pre-probe well deployed in a Langzagged Hodgkin, southwest oil and gas, designed to have a depth of 8690m, and then belonged to the first deep well in Asia. The well is designed with a first foam drilling section of 50-902 m and an actual construction section of 20-910 m, the average mechanical drilling speed of two drills is 5.66m/h, the construction layer is a Penlaizhen group and a tunnel group, a strongly inhibited water-based foam drilling fluid system is used in the first drilling process, and according to the well body structure and the drilling condition of a well with the depth of 1 river, the well depth is 1000m, the well head pressure is 3-5MPa, the surface temperature is 25 ℃, the diameter of rock debris particles is 2.54mm, and the highest mechanical drilling speed is 20 m/h. Recommended foam gas amount of 660.4mm well section of 180-3Min, recommended liquid volume of 12-15m3/min。
The method comprises the steps of using air as a working object, firstly carrying out primary pressurization on the air by using an air compressor, then enabling high-pressure gas to enter a drilling tool through a vertical pipe tee joint through pressurization of a supercharger, pumping foam base fluid by using a slurry pump, starting to mix the base fluid with the air when the base fluid is pumped into a vertical pipe, forming foam in the drilling tool, cooling a drill bit when the foam passes through the drill bit, completing a task of carrying rock debris in an annular space, enabling the foam and the drill debris to enter a sand discharge pipeline through a side outlet of an annular blowout preventer at a wellhead, finally entering a foam breaking pool, and recovering the base fluid to an upper water pool for reutilization after the foam is naturally. The specific flow is shown in figure 1 (the fluid used in drilling is a strong inhibition foam drilling fluid system, and the fluid and the foam drilling fluid are mixed to play a role of circulating sand carrying, so that the drilled rock debris is taken out of the ground).
A total of 2 passes were made during the use of the strongly inhibited water-based foam drilling fluid system of the present invention. The pure drilling time of the foam drilling of the first time is 122h, the accumulated drilling footage is 649.41m, and the average mechanical drilling speed is 5.32m/h, the pure drilling time of the foam drilling of the second time is 35h, the accumulated drilling footage is 240.59m, and the average mechanical drilling speed is 6.87 m/h. The total drilling footage of the once-opened foam drilling is 890.00m, the average mechanical drilling speed is 5.67m/h, the design is improved by 3.1 percent, the foam drilling acceleration effect is better, and the returned rock debris does not collapse in a large area, which shows that the strong inhibition foam drilling fluid system has obvious inhibition effect. Indoor performance evaluation is made through field sampling, and after the roller heating furnace is heated for 48 hours at 150 ℃, the rolling recovery rate of secondary clear water is still up to 98%.
From the specific application, the temperature resistance of the strong inhibition foam drilling fluid system reaches 150 ℃, the drilling fluid has good inhibition property after high-temperature aging, and the half-life period can still be kept at 40 min; can meet the action requirement of the site.
The invention is developed and researched for the characteristic that the mud shale in the Sichuan block is easy to expand and collapse when absorbing water.
The foam drilling system has the temperature resistance of 150 ℃ and the half-life period of 50min after aging for 48 hours at the temperature, and belongs to the domestic advanced level.
By adding NH-1, the invention is ensured to have good inhibition, and the complex condition that the shale in Sichuan area is easy to collapse is effectively solved.
The foam drilling fluid formula disclosed by the invention is used in large areas of Sichuan oil and gas fields, such as Yuan-Ba-Zhong-Tong-Jiang areas, Chongqing Jordan-Shi-dam areas, Qianjiang areas and the like. The number of application wells reaches 70.
Finally, while the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention encompassed by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A foam formula for safe drilling of a water-sensitive stratum is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
0.5 to 1.0 percent of strong inhibition foaming agent, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of inorganic tackifier, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of foam stabilizer, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of bentonite, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of NaOH and the balance of water.
2. The foam formulation for safe drilling of a water sensitive formation according to claim 1, wherein the strong inhibition foamer is a foamer containing an NH-1 inhibitor.
3. The foam formulation of claim 2, wherein the NH-1 inhibitor has the formula:
wherein R is1、R2Is C1-4 linear or branched alkane.
4. The foam formulation for safe drilling of a water-sensitive formation according to claim 1, wherein the inorganic tackifier is a hydrophobically modified tackifier formed from montmorillonite treated with a quaternary ammonium surfactant.
5. The foam formulation for safe drilling for water-sensitive formations according to claim 1, wherein the foam stabilizer is of the silicone polyether emulsion type.
6. The foam formulation for safe drilling of water sensitive formations according to claim 1, wherein the bentonite comprises montmorillonite, the bentonite is a modified synthetic product according to the structural properties of natural montmorillonite, and the montmorillonite content of high grade bentonite is 85-90%.
7. A preparation method of a foam formula for safe drilling of a water-sensitive stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing 2-6 parts of surfactant containing sulfonic acid groups, 3-8 parts of surfactant containing carboxylic acid groups and 6-12 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate according to parts by weight, adding the weighed materials into a reaction kettle, uniformly stirring, sequentially adding 2-5 parts of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, 1-6 parts of tetradecyl dimethyl betaine and 0.1-0.8 part of glycerol, and stirring for 0.4 hour;
step 2, sequentially adding 0-15 parts of methanol and 57-72 parts of water into the kettle by weight, and continuously stirring for 0.8 hour;
and 3, sequentially adding 1-2 parts of polyamine into the kettle by mass parts, and continuously stirring for 0.8 hour to obtain the strong inhibition foaming agent.
8. The method for preparing the foam formula for safe drilling of the water-sensitive stratum according to claim 7, wherein the methanol is used as an additive of the antifreezing foaming agent in the step 2, and the non-antifreezing foaming agent is prepared by using water instead of the added amount of the methanol.
9. The method for preparing the foam formula for safe drilling of the water-sensitive stratum according to claim 7, wherein the polyamine is prepared by hydroamination of polyether alcohol, and the polyether alcohol is prepared by introducing ammonia gas and hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst and reacting at a certain reaction temperature and pressure;
the molecular weight and degree of polymerization of the polyamine are determined by the molecular weight and degree of polymerization of the starting polyether alcohol.
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