CN112296766B - Numerical control flexible polishing method for blade profile of blisk - Google Patents
Numerical control flexible polishing method for blade profile of blisk Download PDFInfo
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- CN112296766B CN112296766B CN202011173549.2A CN202011173549A CN112296766B CN 112296766 B CN112296766 B CN 112296766B CN 202011173549 A CN202011173549 A CN 202011173549A CN 112296766 B CN112296766 B CN 112296766B
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
- B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B51/00—Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a numerical control flexible polishing method for a blade profile of a blisk, which comprises the steps of selecting a flexible polishing wheel, determining the radius of a programming cutter, determining the direction of a polishing path and programming. The numerical control programming comprises implementation steps of curved surface offset, curved surface reparameterization, discrete point cutter shaft vector control, polishing line spacing determination and polishing track generation. The distance by which the curved surface is offset is the programmed tool radius. And sweeping isoparametric lines to carry out surface reparameterization. And obtaining a cutter shaft vector with the minimum maximum deviation between the cutter shaft line segment and the curved surface by fixing the front rake angle and adjusting the side rake angle. The maximum polishing line pitch is controlled according to the pre-tilt angle and the contact line width. And finally generating a polishing track on the heavily-parametric offset curved surface through cutter axis vector interpolation. According to the invention, on the premise of considering the included angle between the feeding direction of the polishing wheel and the direction of the cutter shaft, the good contact between the flexible polishing wheel and the blade profile is ensured by adjusting the side inclination angle of the cutter shaft, so that the polishing quality is improved and the blade profile precision of the blisk is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of finishing machining of an aero-engine blisk, and relates to a numerical control flexible polishing method for a blisk blade profile.
Background
Blisks are key components of aircraft engines, and the quality of their manufacture affects the overall quality of the entire aircraft engine to a large extent. The typical finish machining process of the blisk is numerical control milling, in the blisk numerical control milling link, the blade profile is machined through multi-coordinate numerical control of a ball-end milling cutter, and due to the existence of milling tool marks, and the extrusion and tearing effects of high cutting temperature and high contact pressure generated between a cutter and cutting chips and between the cutter and a workpiece on the surface of the workpiece in the milling process, the surface quality is far from meeting the use requirements. Subsequent finishing processing is required to remove milling cutter marks, reduce surface roughness and improve surface quality, so that the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the alloy are improved, the fatigue strength of the alloy is improved, and the service life of parts is prolonged.
The complex structure of the blisk and the characteristics of materials difficult to process bring difficulty to polishing processing, the foreign advanced automatic polishing technology is strictly sealed for China, and the blisk is still polished by manually holding electric and pneumatic tools or oilstones and abrasive paper at home at present. The manual polishing is difficult to ensure the uniformity of the removal amount of the material, the shape of the cross section is difficult to control, and the phenomenon of over-polishing or under-polishing is easily caused, so that the consistency of the quality of the polished surface is poor; meanwhile, the labor intensity of manual polishing is high, the generated dust is harmful to the body, the efficiency is low, and the manufacturing period of the blisk is limited.
Chinese patent 201110237499.4 discloses a flexible grinding head for polishing the surface of a blisk, which avoids the deformation and damage of the blisk surface caused by rigid impact by controlling a flexible driving mechanism cylinder during the polishing process, reduces the polishing rejection rate of parts, and realizes the self-adaptive flexible polishing effect of the complex curved surface profile of the blisk. Chinese patent 201110257777.2 discloses a numerical control polishing method for a profile of a blisk blade. The polishing method adopts a numerical control programming method for fitting the ruled surface to approximate the blade profile, and finds the straight line segment with the minimum distance error with the blade profile as a bus of the fitted ruled surface by connecting points on adjacent dividing lines. And (5) offsetting the radius of the polishing wheel by the fitted ruled surface and dispersing the ruled surface into a straight line, and determining a polishing track through a dividing point on the straight line. The programming method fully fits the characteristics of the blade profile and ensures good contact between the polishing wheel and the blade profile, but the method cannot control the angle formed by the cutter shaft direction and the feeding direction, and the cutter shaft direction is easy to generate sudden change, so that the actual polishing effect is poor.
The prior art and the related contents of the patent mainly aim at realizing good contact between a polishing wheel and the blade profile of the blisk, and the proposed polishing programming method has low applicability to blisks with complex structures and cannot meet the requirements of numerical control polishing programming of various blisks.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: in order to improve the current situation that the manual polishing of the blisk is not controlled and the polishing quality is difficult to guarantee, the numerical control polishing method is single in technology and cannot meet the requirement of the automatic polishing of the blisk. The invention provides a numerical control flexible polishing method for a blade profile of a blisk, which adopts a cutter shaft control method of fixing a front rake angle and adjusting a side rake angle to generate a polishing track on an equidistant offset plane of a curved surface to be processed, so that a flexible polishing wheel is in good contact with the blade profile, and simultaneously, the control requirement of a complex structure of the blisk on the direction of a cutter shaft is met, so that the numerical control polishing method is suitable for numerical control polishing programming of all levels of blisks of aeroengines.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a numerical control flexible polishing method for a blade profile of a blisk comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the specification of the flexible polishing wheel according to the minimum size of the blisk channel, defining the original radius as R1 and the height as H, and simultaneously measuring the unfolding radius as R2 at the working rotating speed; simultaneously defining the anteversion angle of the flexible polishing wheel during working as alphaqThe roll angle is alphac；
Step two: determining a polishing programming cutter radius, and determining that the polishing programming cutter radius R3 is (R1+ R2)/2 according to the original radius and the maximum expansion radius of the flexible polishing wheel;
step three: determining the direction of a polishing path, wherein the polishing path is divided into u-direction polishing along the flow channel line direction and v-direction polishing along the vertical flow channel line direction; the v-direction polishing is performed in a direction perpendicular to the milling grain direction, is favorable for avoiding damage to the front edge and the rear edge, and adopts a v-direction polishing path direction;
step four: the numerical control polishing program is programmed, a cutter shaft control method of fixing a front rake angle and adjusting a side rake angle is adopted, and a polishing track is generated on an equidistant offset surface of a curved surface to be processed, and the numerical control polishing method comprises the following substeps:
substep 1: offsetting the curved surface of the blade basin/blade back of the blisk blade by the programmed cutter radius R3;
substep 2: taking the offset curved surface as an original curved surface, respectively generating isoparametric lines twice along the u direction and the v direction, and sweeping to form a new curved surface to complete the reparameterization of the offset curved surface;
substep 3: generating i u-direction parameter lines and j v-direction parameter lines on the re-parameterized curved surface, and taking the intersection points of the u-direction parameter lines and the j v-direction parameter lines as discrete cutter shaft control points; establishing a local coordinate system determined by a v-direction parameter line tangent vector and a curved surface normal vector at each control point;
substep 4: within each local coordinate system by a fixed anteversion angle alphaqAdjusting the roll angle alphacThe method of (1) minimizes the maximum distance deviation between the cutter shaft line segment with the length of H and the curved surface, thereby determining the cutter shaft direction at the discrete control point;
substep 5: calculating the width of a contact line when the abrasive cloth flap wheel polishes a plane according to the set front rake angle, and controlling the maximum polishing line distance according to the width of the contact line;
substep 6: on the heavily-parametric offset curved surface, determining n parameter lines as polishing trajectory lines according to the polishing line spacing, and determining the cutter axis direction of each point on the trajectory lines by discrete point cutter axis vector interpolation obtained in the substep four;
step five: and (5) carrying out post-treatment on the numerical control polishing program to polish the profile of the blade of the blisk.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in the sub-step 5, the forward inclination angle alpha is setqThe contact line width of the abrasive cloth vane wheel during polishing is calculated according to the formula
To ensure good overlapping effect between polishing rows, it is determined that the polishing row pitch is not more than one-fourth of the width of the contact row.
Effects of the invention
The invention has the technical effects that: the invention relates to a numerical control flexible polishing method of a blade profile of a blisk, which comprises the steps of selecting a flexible polishing wheel according to the minimum size of a blisk channel and measuring the expansion radius; determining the radius of a programming cutter according to the original radius and the unfolding radius of the flexible polishing wheel; adopting a polishing path direction in a v direction; and generating a polishing track on the equidistant offset surface of the curved surface to be processed by adopting a cutter shaft control method of fixing a front rake angle and adjusting a side rake angle. The invention can meet the control requirement of the complex structure of the blisk on the direction of the cutter shaft while ensuring the good contact between the flexible polishing wheel and the profile of the blade, is suitable for numerical control polishing programming of all stages of blisks of aircraft engines, and improves the polishing precision and quality of the blisk.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of three radii of an abrasive cloth vane wheel in contact with a flat surface.
FIG. 2 is a top view of an abrasive cloth flap wheel coupled to a knife bar.
Fig. 3 illustrates discrete arbor control points and their local coordinate systems, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling a cutter shaft in a local coordinate system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a condition for minimizing deviation between an arbor line segment and a curved surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals: 1. bias curved surface 2 after refering, curved surface to be processed 3, polishing track line 4, cutter bar 5 and flexible abrasive cloth flap wheel
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-5, the present embodiment is a method for numerically controlled flexible polishing of blisk blade profiles. The method is applied to polishing the molded surface of the blade of the blisk of a certain type of aeroengine, and comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the specification of the flexible polishing wheel, selecting a flexible abrasive cloth vane wheel with an original radius R1 and a height H according to the minimum size of the blisk channel, and measuring an expansion radius R2 at a working rotating speed, wherein the expansion diameter of the selected abrasive cloth vane wheel is smaller than the minimum size of the blisk channel;
step two: determining a polishing programming cutter radius, and determining that the polishing programming cutter radius R3 is (R1+ R2)/2 according to the original radius and the unfolded radius of the flexible polishing wheel, wherein the structural size and the programming radius of the flexible polishing wheel are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
step three: determining the direction of a polishing path, adopting a v-direction polishing path direction along the direction vertical to the flow channel line, carrying out v-direction polishing in a direction vertical to the milling line direction, and controlling the boundary of a polishing track to be near the front edge and the rear edge to avoid the damage of the front edge and the rear edge;
step four: the numerical control polishing program is programmed, a cutter shaft control method of fixing a front rake angle and adjusting a side rake angle is adopted, a polishing track is generated on an equidistant offset surface of a curved surface to be processed, a certain blisk blade is taken as an example, and the numerical control polishing method is based on an NX three-dimensional software environment and comprises the following sub-steps:
substep 1: offsetting the curved surface of the blade basin/blade back of the blisk blade by the programmed cutter radius R3;
substep 2: taking the offset curved surface as an original curved surface, respectively generating isoparametric lines twice along the u direction and the v direction, and sweeping to form a new curved surface to complete the reparameterization of the offset curved surface;
substep 3: generating i u-direction parameter lines and j v-direction parameter lines on the newly parameterized curved surface, and taking the intersection points of the u-direction parameter lines and the j v-direction parameter lines as discrete cutter shaft control points. And a local coordinate system determined by a v-direction parameter line tangent vector and a curved surface normal vector is established at each control point, and the local coordinate systems of the curved surface parameter line and the control point when i is 5 and j is 4 are shown in fig. 3.
Substep 4: as shown in fig. 4, in a local coordinate system OAWithin-xyz, line segment OAOBThe length of the cutter shaft line segment of the abrasive cloth vane wheel is represented as the height H of the abrasive cloth vane wheel. Roll angle alphacIs x-OA-in z-plane OAOBIncluded angle with the z-axis, anteversion angle alphaqIs OAOBAnd x-OA-the angle formed by the z-plane. O in local coordinate systemBThe coordinates of the points are (Hsin alpha)ccosαq,Hsinαq,Hcosαccosαq). Considering the polishing quality and the blisk channel structure, the anteversion angle alpha is given within the range of 30-60 degreesqThe direction of the cutter shaft of the abrasive cloth flap wheel forms a certain included angle with the feeding direction, and the side inclination angle alpha is adjusted by taking the size of 90 degrees as an initial valuecMake the cutter shaft line segment OAOBThe maximum distance deviation from the curved surface is minimal, as shown in fig. 5, delta+maxAnd delta-maxThe maximum deviation of the straight line section and the curved surface on two sides is achieved, and the maximum distance deviation reaches the minimumIs provided with a condition of | δ+max|＝|δ-maxL. Determining the cutter axis direction at the discrete point as
The abrasive cloth flap wheel is ensured to be well attached to the curved surface;
substep 5: according to the set anteversion angle alphaqThe contact line width of the abrasive cloth vane wheel during polishing is calculated according to the formula
In order to ensure good overlapping effect between polishing rows, the polishing row spacing is determined to be not more than one fourth of the width of the contact row;
substep 6: and on the heavily-parametric offset curved surface, determining n parameter lines as polishing track lines according to the polishing line spacing, and determining the cutter shaft direction of each point on the track lines by the cutter shaft vector fairing interpolation of the discrete points obtained in the substep four.
Step five: and (5) carrying out post-treatment on the numerical control polishing program to polish the profile of the blade of the blisk.
Based on the polishing process requirement of the blade profile of the blisk. The implementation steps of the numerical control flexible polishing method are applied, a numerical control polishing program is programmed, and a polishing test on a blisk of a certain type of engine proves that the method can completely ensure the processing quality and the processing precision of the blade profile of the blisk, and realizes automatic polishing.
Claims (2)
1. A numerical control flexible polishing method for a blade profile of a blisk is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the specification of the flexible polishing wheel according to the minimum size of the blisk channel, defining the original radius as R1 and the height as H, and simultaneously measuring the unfolding radius as R2 at the working rotating speed; simultaneously defining the front rake angle of the flexible polishing wheel during working as alphaqWith a roll angle of alphac；
Step two: determining a polishing programming cutter radius, and determining that the polishing programming cutter radius R3 is (R1+ R2)/2 according to the original radius and the unfolded radius of the flexible polishing wheel;
step three: determining the direction of a polishing path, wherein the polishing path is divided into u-direction polishing along the flow channel line direction and v-direction polishing along the vertical flow channel line direction; the v-direction polishing is performed in a direction perpendicular to the milling grain direction, is favorable for avoiding damage to the front edge and the rear edge, and adopts the v-direction polishing path direction;
step four: the numerical control polishing program is programmed, a cutter shaft control method of fixing a front rake angle and adjusting a side rake angle is adopted, and a polishing track is generated on an equidistant offset surface of a curved surface to be processed, and the numerical control polishing method comprises the following substeps:
substep 1: offsetting the curved surface of the blade basin/blade back of the blisk blade by the programmed cutter radius R3;
substep 2: taking the offset curved surface as an original curved surface, respectively generating isoparametric lines twice along the u direction and the v direction, and sweeping to form a new curved surface to complete the reparameterization of the offset curved surface;
substep 3: generating i u-direction parameter lines and j v-direction parameter lines on the re-parameterized curved surface, and taking the intersection points of the u-direction parameter lines and the j v-direction parameter lines as discrete cutter shaft control points; establishing a local coordinate system determined by a v-direction parameter line tangent vector and a curved surface normal vector at each control point;
substep 4: in each local coordinate system OAWithin-xyz, line segment OAOBThe length of the cutter shaft line segment of the abrasive cloth vane wheel is the height H of the abrasive cloth vane wheel; roll angle alphacIs x-OA-in z-plane OAOBIncluded angle with the z-axis, anteversion angle alphaqIs OAOBAnd x-OA-the angle formed by the z-plane; o in local coordinate systemBThe coordinates of the points are (Hsin alpha)ccosαq,Hsinαq,Hcosαccosαq) (ii) a By fixing the rake angle alphaqAdjusting the roll angle alphacThe method of (1) minimizes the maximum distance deviation between the cutter shaft line segment with the length of H and the curved surface, thereby determining the cutter shaft direction at the discrete control point;
substep 5: calculating the width of a contact line when the abrasive cloth flap wheel polishes a plane according to the set front rake angle, and controlling the maximum polishing line distance according to the width of the contact line;
substep 6: on the heavily-parametric offset curved surface, determining n parameter lines as polishing trajectory lines according to the polishing line spacing, and determining the cutter axis direction of each point on the trajectory lines by discrete point cutter axis vector interpolation obtained in the substep four;
step five: and (5) carrying out post-treatment on the numerical control polishing program to polish the profile of the blade of the blisk.
2. A method of numerically controlled flexible finishing of a blisk blade profile according to claim 1, characterized in that in sub-step 5, according to the set anteversion angle αqCalculating the width of the contact line when the abrasive cloth flap wheel polishes the plane by the formula
To ensure good overlapping effect between polishing rows, it is determined that the polishing row pitch is not more than one-fourth of the width of the contact row.
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| CN113909542A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Numerical control machining method for non-through back wing angle blade |
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| CN201164964Y (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2008-12-17 | 杭州中意自动化设备有限公司 | Injection needle edge grinding jig |
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| CN103412516A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | Unified method for generating wide line end milling tool rail |
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| CN110586994A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-20 | 宜昌船舶柴油机有限公司 | Method for milling large ultrahigh-precision sealing plane by inclined cutter shaft |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009047476A1 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and control unit for determining a section trajectory of a curve section of a roadway |
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2020
- 2020-10-28 CN CN202011173549.2A patent/CN112296766B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1078931A (en) * | 1992-05-16 | 1993-12-01 | 天津华盛昌齿轮有限公司 | Ring Surface Worm Shaping method |
| DE4341498A1 (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-08 | Paul Dipl Ing Steinhart | Grinding machine |
| JP2003080446A (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-03-18 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | Method of and device for polishing blade tip of application tool |
| CN201164964Y (en) * | 2008-03-12 | 2008-12-17 | 杭州中意自动化设备有限公司 | Injection needle edge grinding jig |
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