CN112295556A - Supported catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Supported catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112295556A CN112295556A CN201910686999.2A CN201910686999A CN112295556A CN 112295556 A CN112295556 A CN 112295556A CN 201910686999 A CN201910686999 A CN 201910686999A CN 112295556 A CN112295556 A CN 112295556A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/20—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms
- C07C1/24—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water
Abstract
Disclosed is a supported catalyst comprising a carrier and an active component supported on the carrier, the carrier comprising silica; the active components comprise tantalum pentoxide and zirconium dioxide. The supported catalyst is a high-efficiency catalyst for synthesizing olefin, has simple composition and cheap and easily-obtained raw materials. The application also discloses a preparation method of the supported catalyst, which at least comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining a solution containing an active component precursor; (2) and adding a carrier into the solution containing the active component precursor, and reacting and roasting to obtain the supported catalyst. The preparation method of the supported catalyst has the advantages of simple process and strong operability, and can be used for large-scale industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a supported catalyst and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a supported catalyst for preparing 1, 3-butadiene through reaction of ethanol and acetaldehyde and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of catalytic synthesis.
Background
1, 3-butadiene is an important organic chemical raw material for products such as synthetic rubber, resin and the like, and the traditional production mode is mainly a byproduct of naphtha cracking process. With the increasing exhaustion of fossil energy, it is of great importance to find other raw material resources or develop new production paths.
In the 40 th century, before the oil industry became fully developed, the catalytic conversion of ethanol to 1, 3-butadiene was the major production method of 1, 3-butadiene in the world. In recent years, the yield of ethanol produced by a biological fermentation process is gradually increased, and in addition, the successful breakthrough of the process route of preparing ethanol from coal can further improve the ethanol productivity of China and even the world. Therefore, the method for producing high-value olefins by using ethanol instead of the traditional petroleum route has practical significance and again attracts the wide attention of researchers.
The process of converting ethanol into 1, 3-butadiene may be divided into a one-step process and a two-step process according to the difference of catalysts and reaction processes. Compared with a one-step method, the selectivity of 1, 3-butadiene in the two-step process is higher, the catalyst has long stabilization time, and the catalyst has industrial application value. The key process of the two-step method of ethanol and acetaldehyde reaction is the development of a high-efficiency catalyst, which is the key for the smooth operation of the reaction. Therefore, the synthesis of catalyst systems with higher activity, product selectivity and stability by mild preparation methods using cheaper synthetic raw materials is an important goal that researchers in this field are working on.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the application, the supported catalyst is provided, the supported catalyst overcomes the defects of low selectivity and rapid inactivation of target products of the existing catalyst, shows ultrahigh selectivity and stability in the reaction of synthesizing 1, 3-butadiene from ethanol and acetaldehyde, is simple in preparation process, is cheap and easy to obtain raw materials, and can be used for large-scale industrial production.
The supported catalyst is characterized by comprising a carrier and an active component loaded on the carrier, wherein the carrier comprises silica; the active components comprise tantalum pentoxide and zirconium dioxide.
Optionally, the tantalum pentoxide comprises 0.5 to 8 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the tantalum pentoxide comprises an upper limit of the supported catalyst selected from 8 wt%, 7 wt%, 6 wt%, 5 wt%, or 4 wt%; the lower limit is selected from 3 wt%, 2 wt%, 1 wt% or 0.5 wt%.
Optionally, the tantalum pentoxide comprises 2-5 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the zirconium dioxide accounts for 0.1-2 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the zirconium dioxide comprises an upper limit of the supported catalyst selected from 2 wt%, 1.5 wt%, or 1 wt%; the lower limit is selected from 1 wt%, 0.5 wt% or 0.1 wt%.
Optionally, the zirconium dioxide accounts for 0.5-1 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the silica is porous silica.
The silica is derived from at least one of coarse silica gel, fine silica gel, beer silica gel, Davisil Grade series silica gel, mesoporous silica, nano silica and pure silicalite.
According to still another aspect of the application, a preparation method of the supported catalyst is provided, the catalyst prepared by an impregnation method is stable in performance and high in catalysis efficiency, and large-scale industrial production can be realized.
The method comprises at least the following steps:
(1) obtaining a solution containing an active component precursor;
(2) and adding a carrier into the solution containing the active component precursor, and reacting and roasting to obtain the supported catalyst.
The solution containing the active component precursor contains the active component precursor and a solvent capable of dissolving the active component precursor. Thus forming the solution containing tantalum and zirconium.
Optionally, the active component precursor comprises a tantalum source that is soluble in water and/or ethanol.
Optionally, the tantalum source is selected from at least one of tantalum ethoxide and tantalum chloride.
Optionally, the active component precursor further comprises a zirconium source soluble in water and/or ethanol.
Optionally, the zirconium source is selected from at least one of zirconium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, zirconium chloride, and zirconium oxychloride.
Optionally, the carrier is selected from at least one of coarse silica gel, fine silica gel, beer silica gel, Davisil Grade series silica gel, mesoporous silica, nano-silica, pure silicalite.
Optionally, the support comprises silica.
Optionally, the silica is porous silica.
Optionally, the reaction in step (2) is: stirring for 2-30 hours at the temperature of 0-50 ℃; and then stirring the mixture at the temperature of 50-90 ℃ until the solvent is evaporated to dryness to obtain a solid sample.
Optionally, in the solution containing the active component precursor in the step (1), the solvent includes water and/or ethanol.
As an embodiment, the method for preparing the above supported catalyst is performed by using an impregnation method through the following steps:
(1) dissolving a tantalum pentoxide precursor and a zirconium dioxide precursor in a solvent;
(2) adding a carrier into a solution of a tantalum pentoxide precursor and a zirconium dioxide precursor, stirring for 2-30 hours at a temperature lower than 50 ℃, and then continuously stirring at 50-90 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness;
(3) and further drying and roasting the obtained solid to obtain the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the tantalum pentoxide precursor is at least one of tantalum ethoxide and tantalum chloride.
Optionally, the zirconia precursor is at least one of zirconium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, zirconium chloride, and zirconium oxychloride.
Optionally, the tantalum pentoxide comprises 0.5 to 8 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the tantalum pentoxide comprises 2-5 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the zirconium dioxide accounts for 0.1-2 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, the zirconium dioxide accounts for 0.5-1 wt% of the supported catalyst.
Optionally, in the solution containing the active component precursor in the step (1), the solvent includes water and/or ethanol or a mixture of the two.
Optionally, the upper limit of the temperature of the reaction below 50 ℃ in step (2) is selected from 50 ℃, 40 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 30 ℃ or 25 ℃; the lower limit is selected from 20 deg.C, 15 deg.C, 10 deg.C, 5 deg.C or 0 deg.C.
Optionally, the reaction in step (2) is at room temperature below 50 ℃.
In the present application, "room temperature" means 20 to 30 ℃.
Optionally, the upper limit of stirring for 2-30 hours in step (2) is selected from 30 hours, 28 hours, 26 hours, 24 hours, 20 hours, 18 hours, 16 hours, 14 hours or 12 hours; the lower limit is selected from 12 hours, 10 hours, 8 hours, 6 hours, 4 hours, or 2 hours.
Optionally, stirring at 50-90 ℃ in the step (2) until the upper limit of 50-90 ℃ in the evaporation of the solution to dryness is selected from 90 ℃, 85 ℃, 80 ℃, 75 ℃ or 70 ℃; the lower limit is selected from 70 deg.C, 65 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 55 deg.C or 50 deg.C.
According to a further aspect of the present application, there is provided the use of at least one of the supported catalysts described above, and the supported catalysts prepared by the above methods, in a reaction for the preparation of an olefin.
In one embodiment, the reaction to produce olefins is a reaction to produce 1, 3-butadiene from ethanol and acetaldehyde.
According to another aspect of the application, a method for producing 1, 3-butadiene from ethanol and acetaldehyde is provided, which is characterized in that raw materials containing ethanol and acetaldehyde are introduced into a reactor in the presence of a supported catalyst and react at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ for 1-200 hours to obtain 1, 3-butadiene;
the supported catalyst is at least one selected from the supported catalysts and the supported catalysts prepared by the method.
Optionally, the molar ratio of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the raw material is 2-3: 1.
Optionally, the reactor is at least one fixed bed reactor.
The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:
1) the supported catalyst provided by the application is a high-efficiency catalyst for synthesizing olefin, and the catalyst is simple in composition and cheap and easily available in raw materials.
2) The preparation method of the supported catalyst provided by the application is simple in preparation process, strong in operability and capable of carrying out large-scale industrial production.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples of the present application were purchased commercially and used without special treatment.
In the examples, the ethanol/acetaldehyde conversion was calculated as:
the method for calculating the selectivity of 1, 3-butadiene is as follows:
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of the catalyst
0.2944g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.0038g of zirconyl nitrate are dissolved in 20mL of absolute ethanol, 1.84g of coarse silica gel powder is added, the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, then the mixture is continuously stirred at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, the obtained powder is roasted at 550 ℃ in air atmosphere for 4 hours, and the tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst is obtained, and is marked as sample 1#。
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.0184g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.075g of zirconyl nitrate in 20mL of absolute ethanol, adding 1.95g of coarse-pore silica gel powder, stirring at room temperature for 12 hours, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4 hours to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, which is recorded as a sample 2#。
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.074g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.038g of zirconyl nitrate in 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 1.94g of Davisil Grade 633 type silica gel powder, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4h to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, which is recorded as a sample 3#。
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.074g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.038g of zirconyl nitrate in 20mL of anhydrous ethanol, adding 1.94g of fine-pore silica gel powder, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4h to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, which is recorded as sample 4#。
EXAMPLE 5 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.074g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.038g of zirconyl nitrate in 20mL of anhydrous ethanol, adding 1.94g of beer silica gel powder, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4h to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, which is recorded as sample 5#。
EXAMPLE 6 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.074g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.038g of zirconyl nitrate in 20mL of anhydrous ethanol, adding 1.94g of mesoporous silica powder, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4h to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, and marking as a sample 6#。
EXAMPLE 7 preparation of the catalyst
Take 0.074Dissolving tantalum ethoxide and 0.038g zirconyl nitrate in 20mL absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 1.94g nano silicon dioxide powder, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in air atmosphere for 4h to obtain tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, and marking as sample 7#。
EXAMPLE 8 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.074g of tantalum ethoxide and 0.038g of zirconyl nitrate in 20mL of absolute ethanol, adding 1.94g of pure silicalite, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4h to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, and marking as a sample 8#。
EXAMPLE 9 preparation of the catalyst
Dissolving 0.065g of tantalum chloride and 0.053g of zirconium oxychloride in 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 1.94g of Davisil Grade 633 type silica gel powder, stirring at room temperature for 12h, then continuously stirring at 60 ℃ until the solution is evaporated to dryness, roasting the obtained powder at 550 ℃ in an air atmosphere for 4h to obtain a tantalum pentoxide-zirconium dioxide/silicon dioxide catalyst, and marking as a sample 9#。
EXAMPLE 10 use of the catalyst
Taking 0.45g of sample 3 which is pressed into tablets and sieved by a 20-40 mesh sieve#The reaction mixture was charged into a fixed bed reactor, pretreated at 450 ℃ for 60min in a nitrogen atmosphere, then cooled to 350 ℃, and fed with ethanol and acetaldehyde (molar ratio: 2.5/1/ethanol) as raw materials to start the reaction, the raw material flow rate was 0.014mL/min, the nitrogen flow rate was 20mL/min, and the analysis was performed after 30min of reaction.
Product analysis was performed on-line using Agilent gas chromatography 7890, FID detector, HP-PLOT Q capillary column.
Results of reaction for 3 h: ethanol/acetaldehyde conversion 37%, 1, 3-butadiene selectivity 82%.
EXAMPLE 11 use of the catalyst
Taking 0.45g of sample 6 which is pressed into tablets and sieved by a 20-40 mesh sieve#Loading into fixed bed reactor, pretreating at 450 deg.C for 60min in nitrogen atmosphere, cooling to 350 deg.C, introducingThe reaction was started with ethanol and acetaldehyde (molar ratio: 2.5/1), the raw material flow rate was 0.014mL/min, the nitrogen flow rate was 20mL/min, and the reaction was carried out for 30 min.
Product analysis was performed on-line using Agilent gas chromatography 7890, FID detector, HP-PLOT Q capillary column.
Results of reaction for 3 h: ethanol/acetaldehyde conversion was 40% and 1, 3-butadiene selectivity was 81%.
EXAMPLE 12 use of the catalyst
Taking 0.45g of sample 9 which is pressed into tablets and sieved by a 20-40 mesh sieve#The reaction mixture was charged into a fixed bed reactor, pretreated at 450 ℃ for 60min in a nitrogen atmosphere, then cooled to 350 ℃, and fed with ethanol and acetaldehyde (molar ratio: 2.5/1/ethanol) as raw materials to start the reaction, the raw material flow rate was 0.014mL/min, the nitrogen flow rate was 20mL/min, and the analysis was performed after 30min of reaction.
Product analysis was performed on-line using Agilent gas chromatography 7890, FID detector, HP-PLOT Q capillary column.
Results of reaction for 3 h: the conversion of ethanol and acetaldehyde was 45%, and the selectivity of 1, 3-butadiene was 80%.
The reaction results of the other samples were tested, and the reaction results of 3 hours were compared with those of sample 9#Similarly.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A supported catalyst, characterized in that the supported catalyst comprises a carrier and an active component supported on the carrier, the carrier comprising silica; the active components comprise tantalum pentoxide and zirconium dioxide.
2. The supported catalyst of claim 1, wherein the tantalum pentoxide comprises from 0.5 to 8 wt% of the supported catalyst;
preferably, the tantalum pentoxide constitutes 2 to 5 wt% of the supported catalyst.
3. The supported catalyst of claim 1 or 2, wherein the zirconia comprises 0.1 to 2 wt% of the supported catalyst;
preferably, the zirconium dioxide accounts for 0.5-1 wt% of the supported catalyst.
4. A process for the preparation of a supported catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
(1) obtaining a solution containing an active component precursor;
(2) and adding a carrier into the solution containing the active component precursor, and reacting and roasting to obtain the supported catalyst.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the active component precursor comprises a tantalum source soluble in water and/or ethanol;
preferably, the tantalum source is selected from at least one of tantalum ethoxide and tantalum chloride.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the active component precursor further comprises a zirconium source soluble in water and/or ethanol;
preferably, the zirconium source is selected from at least one of zirconium nitrate, zirconyl nitrate, zirconium chloride and zirconium oxychloride.
7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the reaction in step (2) is: stirring for 2-30 hours at the temperature of 0-50 ℃; and then stirring the mixture at the temperature of 50-90 ℃ until the solvent is evaporated to dryness to obtain a solid sample.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the solution containing the active ingredient precursor in step (1) contains a solvent comprising water and/or ethanol.
9. Use of at least one of the supported catalyst of any one of claims 1 to 3, the supported catalyst prepared by the process of any one of claims 4 to 8 in a reaction to produce an olefin;
preferably, the reaction to produce olefins is a reaction to produce 1, 3-butadiene from ethanol and acetaldehyde.
10. A method for producing 1, 3-butadiene from ethanol and acetaldehyde is characterized in that under the condition of existence of a supported catalyst, raw materials containing ethanol and acetaldehyde are introduced into a reactor and react for 1-200 hours at the temperature of 300-400 ℃ to obtain 1, 3-butadiene;
the supported catalyst is selected from at least one of the supported catalyst of any one of claims 1 to 3 and the supported catalyst prepared by the method of any one of claims 4 to 8;
preferably, the reactor is at least one fixed bed reactor.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20220241755A1 (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-08-04 | Ecovyst Catalyst Technologies Llc | Method for manufacturing a supported tantalum catalyst |
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Application publication date: 20210202 |