CN112293303B - Paramisgurnus dabryanus parent breeding method - Google Patents
Paramisgurnus dabryanus parent breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293303B CN112293303B CN202011166676.XA CN202011166676A CN112293303B CN 112293303 B CN112293303 B CN 112293303B CN 202011166676 A CN202011166676 A CN 202011166676A CN 112293303 B CN112293303 B CN 112293303B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding paramisgurnus dabryanus parents, which selects 2-year-old and more loaches with strong physique, normal body color, health, liveliness, no injury and no disease as the parents, wherein the length of male loaches is more than 15cm, the length of female loaches is more than 12cm, and the male-female ratio is 3: 1, respectively carrying out prenatal intensive cultivation in spring and autumn in two months before delivery, carrying out postpartum restoration cultivation in one month after delivery, and carrying out overwintering cultivation before winter. The method has the advantages of reducing the death rate of parent loaches after artificial insemination, realizing the breeding of the parent loaches in spring and autumn and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of loach breeding. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for breeding paramisgurnus dabryanus parents.
Background
Paramisgurnus dabryanus is a special species of Chinese, and is a fish of Paramisgurnus of loach family, commonly known as loach. The breeding method of the paramisgurnus dabryanus mainly adopts artificial breeding, and the research of the existing artificial breeding method mainly focuses on improving the survival rate of larval fish breeding, and neglects the research on the breeding of loach parents.
Disclosure of Invention
The parent loach is subjected to prenatal intensified cultivation, postpartum restoration cultivation and overwintering cultivation to promote the growth and maturity of the gonad of the parent loach, improve the disease resistance of the parent loach, reduce the death rate of the parent loach after artificial insemination and realize the breeding of the parent loach in spring and autumn.
The loach catching facility is characterized in that a bucket body structure is limited, a silica gel cover is arranged on a cover body of the bucket body, and a connecting rod and a baffle plate which are connected with the bucket body are arranged, so that the damage to parent loaches in the catching process is reduced, the stress response of the parent loaches is reduced, and meanwhile, the bucket body can be rapidly inserted into or taken out of bottom mud of a pond, so that the loach catching facility is convenient to take and place, time-saving and labor-saving.
In order to realize the purpose and other advantages of the invention, the invention provides a method for breeding paramisgurnus dabryanus parent, which selects the loaches with strong physique, normal body color, health, liveliness, no injury and no disease of 2-year-old and above as the parent, wherein the length of the loaches is more than 15cm, the length of the loaches is more than 12cm, the male-female ratio is 3: 1, respectively carrying out prenatal intensive cultivation in spring and autumn in two months before delivery, carrying out postpartum restoration cultivation in one month after delivery, and carrying out overwintering cultivation before winter.
Preferably, in the method for breeding the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent, the prenatal intensified breeding is carried out in a prenatal intensified breeding pond, the area of the prenatal intensified breeding pond is 900-2The water depth is 0.7-1m, the sludge depth is 15-18cm, before cultivation, pond cleaning and disinfection are carried out on a prenatal intensified cultivation pond by quick lime, then, fermented peanut bran and eel are mixed with rich water, the ratio of the fermented peanut bran to the eel is 3-4:1, the using amount is 25 kg/mu, parent loaches are put in after the water color is yellow brown or green brown, the putting amount is 200 kg/mu, the feeding amount and the feed ratio are adjusted according to the water temperature 2 months before birth, wherein when the cultivation water temperature is below 15 ℃, the feed is not put in, when the cultivation water temperature is above 15 ℃, the feeding amount is 1 percent of the weight of the parent loaches, the feeding is carried out 2 times every day, the ratio of the complete-value particle compound feed, the animal bait and the plant bait in the feed is 15:2:1, and when the cultivation water temperature is above 20 ℃, the feeding amount is 2-3 percent of the weight of the parent loaches, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feed contains complete granule compound feed, animal bait and plant baitThe ratio of the total particle compound feed to the animal bait to the plant bait is 12:5:1, when the cultivation water temperature is 25 ℃ or above, the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the ratio of the complete particle compound feed to the animal bait to the plant bait is 13:3:2, during the prenatal intensified cultivation period, new water is periodically added for 1 time every week, the water amount is 1/5 of the pond water amount each time, after the cultivation is finished, fishing is carried out, and artificial induced spawning and insemination are carried out.
Preferably, the breeding method of the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent comprises the steps that the postpartum restoration breeding is carried out in a cement pond and a postpartum restoration breeding pond, and the area of the cement pond is 30-100m2And the area of the postpartum restoration and cultivation pond is 500-2The water depth is 0.7-1m, the sludge depth is 15-18cm, the postnatal parent loach is soaked in a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 20mg/L for 3-5min, then placed in a cement pond for temporary culture for 3 days, the dissolved oxygen is kept sufficient in the temporary culture process, full-value particle compound feed is fed every day, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 4 times every day, then the breeding is transferred to a postnatal restoration breeding pond for breeding for 1 month, the full-value particle compound feed is fed every day, the feeding amount is 4-6% of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, meanwhile, the disease condition and the death condition of the parent loach in the pond are checked every day, and the bacterial red skin disease and/or the bacterial saprolegniasis are found to use 1g/m3And (3) splashing the bleaching powder in the whole pond, fishing out the bleaching powder when death is found, periodically adding and replacing new water every 5 days, wherein the water replacement amount is 1/6 of the pond water amount each time, fishing after the cultivation is finished, transferring the bleaching powder into a prenatal intensified cultivation pond, and performing pond division cultivation to prepare for autumn cultivation or transferring the bleaching powder into an overwintering cultivation pond for overwintering cultivation.
Preferably, in the method for breeding paramisgurnus dabryanus parents, the overwintering breeding is carried out in an overwintering breeding pond with the area of 900-1500m2Water depth of 1.2-1.5m and sludge depth of 20-30cm, and 2g/m is used before cultivation3And 0.7g/m of crystal dipterex3The copper sulfate ferrous sulfate mixture is used for splashing the pond, no feed is fed when the cultivation water temperature is below 10 ℃ in the cultivation process, full-value granular compound feed is fed when the cultivation water temperature is 10 ℃ or above, feeding is carried out at noon in sunny days, the feeding amount is not more than 1% of the weight of parent loaches, and feeding is carried out every day1-2 times, preferably eating within 1 hour, during the overwintering cultivation period, performing water quality detection every half month, timely changing water according to detection indexes, sprinkling quicklime or microecological preparation for water quality regulation, after the cultivation is finished, fishing, and transferring into a prenatal intensified cultivation pond for prenatal intensified cultivation.
Preferably, the method for cultivating the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of peanut bran with 15 parts by weight of waste honey liquid, placing the mixture in a steaming cabinet, steaming for 20min, taking out, adding 12 parts by weight of EM (effective microorganisms) bacterial liquid when the temperature is cooled to 40 ℃, uniformly mixing, piling for fermentation, adding 20 parts by weight of duck manure and 5-10 parts by weight of water when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃ for the first time, uniformly mixing, piling again for fermentation, turning back again when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃ for the second time, and turning back once every 2d until the fermentation is finished in the later period of fermentation when the temperature in the pile does not exceed 70 ℃; wherein, the EM bacterial liquid is prepared by inoculating 3 parts by weight of EM bacterial strain into 100 parts by weight of brown sugar water with the mass concentration of 10%, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting for 5 days.
Preferably, the method for breeding the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent comprises the steps of adopting a special loach catching facility for catching the paramisgurnus dabryanus, wherein the loach catching facility comprises,
the barrel body is of a hollow inverted cone structure, the top of the barrel body is provided with an opening, the bottom of the barrel body is hemispherical and is in smooth transition with the side wall, a first mounting hole which penetrates through the top and the bottom of the barrel body is formed in the pole of the bottom of the barrel body, a first hollow part and a second hollow part which are symmetrically arranged are formed in the side wall of the bottom of the barrel body, and filter screens are arranged in the first hollow part and the second hollow part;
the cover body is arranged at the opening at the top of the barrel body and is detachably connected with the opening, a second mounting hole, a plurality of bait grooves and a plurality of trapping holes are arranged on the cover body in a vertically penetrating manner, the second mounting hole is arranged in the middle of the cover body, and the trapping holes are arranged on the periphery of the bait grooves;
the bait boxes are embedded in the bait troughs, and the tops of the bait boxes are flush with the bait troughs and are integrally formed;
the connecting rod extends into the barrel body through the second mounting hole and is detachably connected with the second mounting hole, the connecting rod comprises an inner rod and an outer rod, the inner rod is sleeved in the outer rod and is rotatably connected with the outer rod, an arc-shaped limiting groove is formed in the inner wall of the outer rod along the circumferential direction of the outer rod, a sliding block which is in sliding connection with the arc-shaped limiting groove is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rod, the bottom of the inner rod is upwards sunken along the axis of the inner rod to form an internal thread blind hole, and the outer wall of the bottom of the outer rod is detachably connected with the second mounting hole;
the two baffles are arranged in such a way that when the sliding block slides to one end of the circular arc-shaped limiting groove, the two baffles completely cover the first hollowed-out part and the second hollowed-out part, and when the sliding block slides to the other end of the circular arc-shaped limiting groove, the two baffles do not cover the first hollowed-out part and the second hollowed-out part completely;
the silica gel lid, its cover is located the top surface of lid, the silica gel is covered and is equipped with a plurality of downwardly concave's bulge and a through-hole that runs through the setting from top to bottom, and a bulge corresponds one and traps the hole, the bulge is big-end-up's circular truncated cone shape, the bulge cover is located trap the inside in hole, the bottom of bulge is equipped with the inlet hole that runs through the setting from top to bottom, the through-hole is located the middle part of silica gel lid, just the radius of through-hole is not less than the radius of second mounting hole.
Preferably, in the method for breeding the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent, the outer wall of the upper part of the inner rod is provided with a graduated scale, and the top of the inner rod is provided with a horizontal pull rod.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
according to the parent loach breeding method, the parent loach is subjected to prenatal intensified breeding, postpartum restoration breeding and overwintering breeding, so that the parent loach gonad development and maturation are promoted, the disease resistance of the parent loach is improved, the death rate of the parent loach after artificial insemination is reduced, and the parent loach is bred in spring and autumn.
Secondly, the bucket body structure is limited, the silica gel cover is arranged on the cover body of the bucket body, and the connecting rod and the baffle plate which are connected with the bucket body are arranged, so that the damage to the parent loaches in the fishing process is reduced, the stress response of the parent loaches is reduced, meanwhile, the bucket body can be rapidly inserted into or taken out of the bottom mud of the pond, the taking and the placing are convenient, and the time and the labor are saved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall sectional structural view of a loach fishing facility according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of detail B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the bottom of a bucket body of the loach fishing facility in a top view according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a cover of the loach catching facility according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic bottom view of a silica gel cover of the loach catching facility according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the invention provides a facility for catching loaches, which comprises a barrel body 1, wherein the barrel body is of a hollow inverted cone structure, the top of the barrel body 1 is open, the bottom of the barrel body is hemispherical and is in smooth transition with the side wall, a first mounting hole 11 which is arranged in a vertically penetrating manner is arranged at the pole of the bottom, a first hollow part 12 and a second hollow part 12 which are symmetrically arranged are arranged on the side wall of the bottom, and filter screens are arranged in the first hollow part 12 and the second hollow part 12; preferably, the left and right edges of the first hollow-out part 12 and the second hollow-out part 12 are both arranged along the hemispherical longitude direction, extend upwards to be contacted with the hemispherical upper edge, extend downwards to be contacted with the edge of the first mounting hole 11, and the area of the hollow-out part is equal to the area of the non-hollow-out part adjacent to the hollow-out part;
the cover body 2 is arranged at the opening at the top of the barrel body 1 and is detachably connected with the opening, a second mounting hole 21, a plurality of bait grooves 22 and a plurality of trapping holes 23 are arranged on the cover body 2 in a vertically penetrating manner, the second mounting hole 21 is arranged in the middle of the cover body 2, and the trapping holes 23 are arranged on the periphery of the bait grooves 22; preferably, a first external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the opening, the edge of the cover body 2 extends downwards and is provided with a first internal thread matched with the first external thread, so that the cover body 2 is in threaded connection with the opening;
the bait boxes 3 are arranged in the bait troughs 22 in an embedded mode, and the top of each bait box 3 is flush with the corresponding bait trough 22 and is integrally formed; preferably, the bait trough 22 is of a circular open structure;
the connecting rod extends into the barrel body 1 through the second mounting hole 21 and is detachably connected with the second mounting hole 21, the connecting rod 4 comprises an inner rod 41 and an outer rod 42, the inner rod 41 is sleeved inside the outer rod 42 and is rotatably connected with the outer rod 42, an arc-shaped limiting groove 43 is formed in the inner wall of the outer rod 42 along the circumferential direction of the outer rod, a sliding block 44 slidably connected with the arc-shaped limiting groove 43 is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rod 41, an inner threaded blind hole 45 is formed in the bottom of the inner rod 41 in an upwards recessed mode along the axis of the inner rod, a graduated scale is arranged on the outer wall of the upper portion of the inner rod 41, a horizontal pull rod 7 is arranged at the top of the inner rod 41, and the outer wall of the bottom of the outer rod 42 is detachably connected with the second mounting hole 21; preferably, a second external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the bottom of the outer rod 42, the edge of the second mounting hole 21 extends upwards and is provided with a second internal thread matched with the second external thread, so that the outer rod 42 is in threaded connection with the second mounting hole 21; the number of the circular arc-shaped limiting grooves 43 is at least two, the circular arc-shaped limiting grooves are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer rod 42, and one circular arc-shaped limiting groove 43 corresponds to one sliding block 44;
two baffles 5, one baffle 5 corresponds to one hollowed-out portion 12, the baffle 5 is matched with the hollowed-out portion 12 in shape, the two baffles 5 are connected through a threaded column 51, the threaded column 51 is in threaded connection with the internal threaded blind hole 45 through the first mounting hole 11, wherein the two baffles 5 are arranged such that when the slider 44 slides to one end of the circular arc-shaped limiting groove 43, the two baffles 5 completely cover the first hollowed-out portion 12 and the second hollowed-out portion 12, and when the slider 44 slides to the other end of the circular arc-shaped limiting groove 43, the two baffles 5 completely do not cover the first hollowed-out portion 12 and the second hollowed-out portion 12; preferably, a third internal thread which is in threaded connection with the threaded column 51 is arranged on the inner wall of the first mounting hole 11;
silica gel lid 6, its cover is located the top surface of lid 2, silica gel covers and is equipped with a plurality of downwardly concave's bulge 61 and a through-hole 62 that runs through the setting from top to bottom, and a bulge 61 corresponds one and traps hole 23, bulge 61 is big-end-up's circular cone frustum shape, bulge 61 cover is located trap the inside of hole 23, the hole of advancing that runs through the setting from top to bottom is equipped with to the bottom of bulge 61, through-hole 62 is located the middle part of silica gel lid 6, just the radius of through-hole 62 is not less than the radius of second mounting hole 21.
When the loach catching barrel is used, bait is put in the bait box at night, the cover body, the silica gel cover, the connecting rod, the baffle and the barrel body are assembled, the inner rod is driven to rotate by rotating the horizontal pull rod, the inner rod drives the baffle to rotate to completely cover the first hollowed-out part and the second hollowed-out part, then the horizontal pull rod is held by hands, the barrel body is inserted into bottom mud of the pond, the insertion depth of the barrel body is determined according to the scale, the top surface of the cover body is flush with the mud surface, at night, loaches are caught out, under the attraction of the bait, the loaches are drilled into the barrel body through the bulge part and are caught, the horizontal pull rod is rotated in the morning next day, the inner rod drives the baffle to rotate to completely uncover the first hollowed-out part and the second hollowed-out part, then the horizontal pull rod is held by hands, the barrel body is taken out of the pond bottom mud, the baffle is separated from the barrel body after the barrel body is taken out, the cover body is opened, and the loaches are poured out from the barrel body.
According to the invention, the barrel body is arranged into a hollow inverted cone structure, the connecting rod is arranged on the cover body, the horizontal pull rod on the connecting rod is held by hand and moves upwards or downwards, so that the operation of taking and placing the barrel body can be easily realized, and the workload of taking and placing the barrel body is effectively reduced; the barrel body is provided with the hollow part with the filter screen at the bottom, the connecting rod is provided with the inner rod and the outer rod which are connected in a rotating mode, the bottom of the inner rod is connected with the baffle which is arranged outside the hollow part and matched with the shape of the hollow part through the threaded column, the baffle is completely covered or not covered by rotating the inner rod, before the barrel body is placed, the inner rod can be rotated to enable the baffle to completely cover the hollow part, pond sediment is prevented from entering the barrel body from the hollow part in the placing process or after the placing process to the maximum extent, the effective utilization space in the barrel body is reduced, before the barrel body is taken out, the inner rod can be rotated to enable the baffle to completely not cover the hollow part, and after the barrel body leaves the water surface, redundant muddy water in the barrel body is discharged through the hollow part, and the labor intensity is effectively reduced; by arranging the silica gel cover and the protruding part, on one hand, the silica gel has good skin-friendly performance, can simulate the touch of pond sediment, improves the trapping success rate, reduces the damage to parent loaches in the fishing process to the maximum extent, and reduces the stress response of the parent loaches; on the other hand, the silica gel cover is designed, after the silica gel cover is attached to the top surface of the cover body, the bait box can be automatically sealed, and bait is prevented from overflowing out of the bait box.
Example 2:
1. pond preparation
The site selection of the pond requires flat terrain, cohesive soil, sufficient surrounding water sources, no pollution, convenient traffic and in-place electric power. The periphery and the bottom of the pond are not cracked, an independent water inlet and outlet system is arranged, and the top of the pond is covered with an anti-bird net. Area of the prenatal intensified cultivation pond is 1200m2The water depth is 0.85m, and the sludge depth is 17 cm; postpartum restoration cultivation pond area 800m2The water depth is 0.85m, and the sludge depth is 17 cm; overwintering cultivation pond area 1000m2The water depth is 1.35m, and the sludge depth is 25 cm.
2. Parental selection
Selecting 2-year-old loaches which are strong in physique, normal in body color, healthy, active, free of injury and diseases as parents, wherein the loaches are male loaches 15-18cm long, female loaches 12-15cm long and male-female ratio is 3: 1.
3. parent breeding
The cultivation of the paramisgurnus dabryanus parents can be divided into different stages of spring prenatal intensive cultivation, first postnatal restoration cultivation, autumn prenatal intensive cultivation, second postnatal restoration cultivation, overwintering cultivation and the like according to different time periods, wherein the cultivation methods of the spring prenatal intensive cultivation and the autumn prenatal intensive cultivation are the same, the cultivation methods of the first postpartum restoration cultivation and the second postpartum restoration cultivation are the same, the spring prenatal intensive cultivation time is 2-4 months, the autumn prenatal intensive cultivation time is 8-10 months, the first postpartum restoration cultivation time is 4-5 months, the second postpartum restoration cultivation time is 10-11 months, the overwintering cultivation time is 11-2 months, and the parent paramisgurnus dabryanus within 5-8 months are subjected to conventional cultivation in a prenatal intensive cultivation pond.
(1) Prenatal intensive cultivation: before cultivation, 100 kg/mu of quicklime is used for cleaning and disinfecting the prenatal intensified cultivation pond, then fermented peanut bran and eel material (eel compound feed, the same below) are mixed with fertile water, the ratio of the fermented peanut bran to the eel material is 3.5:1, the dosage is 25 kg/mu, parent loaches are put in after the water color is yellow brown or green brown, the putting amount is 250 kg/mu, the feeding amount and the feed ratio are adjusted according to the water temperature 2 months before the birth, wherein when the cultivation water temperature is below 15 ℃, the feed is not fed, when the cultivation water temperature is above 15 ℃, the feeding amount is 1% of the weight of the parent loaches, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day (8: 00-9: 00 in the morning and 17: 00-18: 00 in the afternoon, the same below), full-value particle compound feed (the crude protein content is above 35%, the same below) in the feed, animal feed (minced shrimps, animal viscera and silkworm pupas, the same below) and plant baits (peanut bran, bean dregs and rice bran, the same below) are mixed in a ratio of 15:2:1, when the cultivation water temperature is 20 ℃ and above, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of the parent loaches, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the ratio of the complete particle compound feed, the animal baits and the plant baits in the feed is 12:5:1, when the cultivation water temperature is 25 ℃ and above, the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the parent loaches, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the ratio of the complete particle compound feed, the animal baits and the plant baits in the feed is 13:3:2, during the prenatal strengthening cultivation period, fresh water is periodically added for 1 time every week, large-row large irrigation is not needed during water changing, the water changing amount is 1/5 of the pond water amount every time, and after finishing, the loaches prepared by the fishing facility of the embodiment 1 are adopted for artificial spawning and insemination.
Uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of peanut bran with 15 parts by weight of waste honey liquid, placing the mixture in a steaming cabinet, steaming for 20min, taking out, adding 12 parts by weight of EM (effective microorganism) bacterial liquid when the temperature is cooled to 40 ℃, uniformly mixing, piling for fermentation, adding 20 parts by weight of duck manure and 6 parts by weight of water when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃ for the first time, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of a substrate until the substrate is held by a hand to form a dough, not dripping water, piling again for fermentation, and then, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃ again, piling again, and in the later period of fermentation, when the temperature in the pile does not exceed 70 ℃, piling again every 2 days until the peanut bran is dark and soft; wherein, the EM bacterial liquid is prepared by inoculating 3 parts by weight of EM bacterial strain into 100 parts by weight of brown sugar water with the mass concentration of 10%, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting for 5 days.
(2) Postpartum repair cultivation
After artificial insemination, loaches are damaged to a greater extent, such as viscera are damaged to different extents, skin adhesion is damaged, and the like in the egg extruding process. The death rate of parent loaches, particularly female loaches after artificial insemination is high, and after-parturition cultivation is needed to recover body functions, so that a good foundation is laid for next spawning. The postpartum parent loach is provided with a special postpartum restoration cultivation pond, the pond is cleaned and disinfected in advance, the pond is fertilized with water for later use, and the pond cleaning and disinfection and the water fertilization method are the same as the prenatal intensive cultivation. Putting the postpartum parent loaches into a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 20mg/L for soaking for 3-5min, putting the loaches into a cement pond for temporary culture for 3 days, keeping sufficient dissolved oxygen in the temporary culture process, feeding full-value granular compound feed every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the parent loaches, feeding the parent loaches 4 times every day (2: 00-3: 00, 8: 00-9: 00 and 16: 00-17: 00 and 23:00-24:00 in the afternoon), then transferring the parent loaches into a postpartum restoration culture pond for culturing for 1 month, feeding the full-value granular compound feed every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the weight of the parent loaches 2 times every day, and simultaneously checking the disease condition and death condition of the parent loaches in the pond every day to find the bacterial red skin disease and/or the saprolegniasis using 1g/m3The loach catching facility prepared in the embodiment 1 is adopted for catching after the cultivation is finished, and the loach catching facility is transferred to a prenatal intensified cultivation pond to be cultivated in different ponds to prepare for autumn cultivation or transferred to an overwintering cultivation pond for overwintering cultivation.
(3) Overwintering cultivation
Before cultivation, fertilizing water is carried out on the overwintering cultivation pond by adopting a prenatal intensified cultivation method, and then 2g/m is used3And 0.7g/m of crystal dipterex3The copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture splashes the pond, kills parasites and partial protozoa in the pond, reduces the occurrence of diseases and improves the survival rate of overwintering; in the cultivation process, the feeding amount and the feeding times are adjusted according to the weather, the water temperature and the ingestion condition of the loaches, when the cultivation water temperature is below 10 ℃, the feed is not fed, when the cultivation water temperature is 10 ℃ or above, the complete granular compound feed is fed, and the feeding is carried out at noon on a sunny dayFeeding the loaches for 1-2 times every day, wherein the loaches are eaten within 1 hour, during the overwintering cultivation period, the pond water quality and the water body stability are kept, water quality detection is required to be carried out every half month, water is timely changed and quick lime or a microecological preparation is sprayed according to detection indexes to adjust the water quality, the water level is kept stable, the pH value is 7.0-8.0, the dissolved oxygen is more than 3.0mg/L, and the transparency is 25-30 cm; after the completion of the culture, the loaches were harvested by using the facility for harvesting prepared in example 1, and transferred to a prenatal intensive culture pond for prenatal intensive culture.
Example 3
The pond condition, parent selection and parent cultivation are the same as example 2, except that fermented peanut bran is adopted as the fertilizing water, the fermented peanut bran is prepared by the following steps of adding 12 parts by weight of EM bacterial liquid and 15 parts by weight of water into 100 parts by weight of peanut bran, uniformly mixing, piling and fermenting, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃, performing reverse piling, and in the later stage of fermentation, when the temperature in the pile does not exceed 70 ℃, performing reverse piling once every 2d until the peanut bran is fermented to be dark and soft; wherein, the EM bacterial liquid is prepared by inoculating 3 parts by weight of EM bacterial strain into 100 parts by weight of brown sugar water with the mass concentration of 10%, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting for 5 days.
Example 4
The pond conditions, parent selection and parent cultivation are the same as example 2, except that the feed ratio of prenatal enhanced cultivation is 15:2:1 for complete particle compound feed, animal bait and plant bait in the feed when the cultivation water temperature is 15 ℃ or more, 12:5:1 for complete particle compound feed, animal bait and plant bait in the feed when the cultivation water temperature is 20 ℃ or more, and 10:7:1 for complete particle compound feed, animal bait and plant bait in the feed when the cultivation water temperature is 25 ℃ or more.
Example 5
The pond conditions, parent selection and parent cultivation were the same as in example 2, except that eel cages were used for harvesting.
Experimental example 1
After the prenatal intensive cultivation is finished, the harvested parent loaches are taken alongSelecting 30 parent female loaches, placing the parent female loaches in an MS-222 aqueous solution with the concentration of 80mg/L for anesthesia, weighing by using an analytical balance, dissecting, taking all egg grains in the abdomen of the parent female loaches, weighing the shell with internal organs and digestive tracts, weighing 0.2-0.3g of egg grains by using the analytical balance, counting the number of the sampled egg grains on glass by using a dissecting needle, calculating the absolute pregnant egg amount of the parent female loaches, and averaging to obtain the result shown in the table. Wherein, the absolute fecundity is (weight of female loach-shell with viscera and digestive tract) the number of egg grains sampled/weight of egg grains taken. Then, from the caught parent loaches, 60-tailed female loaches and 20-tailed male loaches are randomly selected, and 5ug/L LHRH-A is used2And 5mg/L DOM is used as an oxytocic, female and male parent loaches are injected for oxytocic induction, the injection method is back intramuscular injection, the injection depth is 0.2-0.3cm, the injection volume is 0.2-0.3 ml/tail, the number of male loaches is reduced by half, and the injection amount is 16 in the afternoon: 00-18: 00 injection, temporary rearing of male and female parents after injection, running water stimulation, 10 in the morning the next day: 00-11: 00, carrying out artificial egg extrusion and sperm extrusion, wherein every 6 female loaches with parents and 2 male loaches with parents are taken as one group, 10 groups are counted, in each group, eggs of the 6 female loaches with parents are extruded in a stainless steel container continuously, sperm of the 2 male loaches with parents are extruded in the eggs directly, meanwhile, the feather is used for stirring egg liquid gently for 3-5min continuously, so that the sperm and the eggs are mixed fully, then clear water with a sperm volume of 1/2% is added, the feather is used for stirring gently for 3-5min continuously, after fertilization is finished, egg granule samples are taken randomly from each group, in the midgut of fertilized egg embryo development stage, the eggs are observed by naked eyes, egg yolk and egg membranes in the eggs are decomposed obviously into fertilized eggs, turbid eggs are unfertilized eggs, the fertilization rate is calculated, the average value is taken, and the result is shown in the table below. Wherein the fertilization rate is 100% of fertilized egg number/(fertilized egg number + unfertilized egg number).
In the parent breeding process, disease conditions and death conditions of parent loaches in the pond are checked every day, the parent loaches are fished out in time when the parent loaches die, the death rate of the parent loaches is calculated, wherein the death rate of the parent loaches is the death number of the parent loaches/the putting amount of the parent loaches, and the results are shown in the table.
As can be seen from the above table, the absolute womb amount in spring and the absolute womb amount in autumn in example 2 are significantly higher than those in examples 3, 4 and 5, the spring fertilization rate and the autumn fertilization rate are significantly higher than those in example 4, and the death rate of parent loaches is significantly lower than those in examples 3, 4 and 5, which may be because the fermented peanut and bran and eel material prepared by the method can effectively improve the water body fertility and generate more biological baits in cooperation, so that the physique of the parent loaches is stronger, and the absolute womb amount is significantly improved.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The method for breeding the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent is characterized in that the paramisgurnus dabryanus with strong physique, normal body color, health, liveliness, no injury and no disease at 2 ages and above is selected as the parent, the length of a male loach is more than 15cm, the length of a female loach is more than 12cm, and the male-female ratio is 3: 1, respectively carrying out prenatal intensive cultivation in spring and autumn in two months before delivery, carrying out postpartum restoration cultivation in one month after delivery, and carrying out overwintering cultivation before winter;
the prenatal intensified cultivation is carried out in a prenatal intensified cultivation pond, the area of the prenatal intensified cultivation pond is 900-1500m according to the cultivation of male and female different ponds2The water depth is 0.7-1m, the sludge depth is 15-18cm, before cultivation, quick lime is used for cleaning and disinfecting the pre-production intensified cultivation pond, then fermented peanut bran and eel are mixed with rich water, the ratio of the fermented peanut bran to the eel is 3-4:1, the using amount is 25 kg/mu, after the water color is yellow brown or green brown, parent loach is put in, the putting amount is 300 kg/mu, 2 months before production,adjusting the feeding amount and the feed ratio according to the water temperature, wherein when the cultivation water temperature is below 15 ℃, no feed is fed, when the cultivation water temperature is below 15 ℃, the feeding amount is 1 percent of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 2 times per day, the ratio of the complete particle compound feed, the animal bait and the plant bait in the feed is 15:2:1, when the cultivation water temperature is above 20 ℃, the feeding amount is 2-3 percent of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 2 times per day, the ratio of the complete particle compound feed, the animal bait and the plant bait in the feed is 12:5:1, when the cultivation water temperature is above 25 ℃, the feeding amount is 4-6 percent of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 2 times per day, the ratio of the complete particle compound feed, the animal bait and the plant bait in the feed is 13:3:2, during prenatal intensified cultivation, fresh water is periodically added for 1 time per week, the water quantity is 1/5 of the pond water quantity every time, after the cultivation is finished, the fish is fished, and the artificial induced spawning and insemination are carried out;
the fishing is carried out by adopting a special loach fishing facility, the loach fishing facility comprises,
the barrel body is of a hollow inverted cone structure, the top of the barrel body is provided with an opening, the bottom of the barrel body is hemispherical and is in smooth transition with the side wall, a first mounting hole which penetrates through the top and the bottom of the barrel body is formed in the pole of the bottom of the barrel body, a first hollow part and a second hollow part which are symmetrically arranged are formed in the side wall of the bottom of the barrel body, and filter screens are arranged in the first hollow part and the second hollow part;
the cover body is arranged at the opening at the top of the barrel body and is detachably connected with the opening, a second mounting hole, a plurality of bait grooves and a plurality of trapping holes are arranged on the cover body in a vertically penetrating manner, the second mounting hole is arranged in the middle of the cover body, and the trapping holes are arranged on the periphery of the bait grooves;
the bait boxes are embedded in the bait troughs, and the tops of the bait boxes are flush with the bait troughs and are integrally formed;
the connecting rod extends into the barrel body through the second mounting hole and is detachably connected with the second mounting hole, the connecting rod comprises an inner rod and an outer rod, the inner rod is sleeved in the outer rod and is rotatably connected with the outer rod, an arc-shaped limiting groove is formed in the inner wall of the outer rod along the circumferential direction of the outer rod, a sliding block which is in sliding connection with the arc-shaped limiting groove is arranged on the outer wall of the inner rod, the bottom of the inner rod is upwards sunken along the axis of the inner rod to form an internal thread blind hole, and the outer wall of the bottom of the outer rod is detachably connected with the second mounting hole;
the two baffles are arranged in such a way that when the sliding block slides to one end of the circular arc-shaped limiting groove, the two baffles completely cover the first hollowed-out part and the second hollowed-out part, and when the sliding block slides to the other end of the circular arc-shaped limiting groove, the two baffles do not cover the first hollowed-out part and the second hollowed-out part completely;
the silica gel lid, its cover is located the top surface of lid, the silica gel is covered and is equipped with a plurality of downwardly concave's bulge and a through-hole that runs through the setting from top to bottom, and a bulge corresponds one and traps the hole, the bulge is big-end-up's circular truncated cone shape, the bulge cover is located trap the inside in hole, the bottom of bulge is equipped with the inlet hole that runs through the setting from top to bottom, the through-hole is located the middle part of silica gel lid, just the radius of through-hole is not less than the radius of second mounting hole.
2. The method for breeding paramisgurnus dabryanus parent according to claim 1, wherein the postpartum restoration breeding is performed in a cement pond and a postpartum restoration breeding pond, and the area of the cement pond is 30-100m2And the area of the postpartum restoration and cultivation pond is 500-2The water depth is 0.7-1m, the sludge depth is 15-18cm, postpartum parent loaches are firstly put into a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 20mg/L for soaking for 3-5min, then put into a cement pond for temporary culture for 3 days, the dissolved oxygen is kept sufficient in the temporary culture process, full-value granular compound feed is fed every day, the feeding amount is 2% of the weight of the parent loaches, the feeding is carried out for 4 times every day, then the parent loaches are transferred into a postpartum restoration culture pond for culture for 1 month, and the feeding is carried out every day in the culture processFeeding complete granular compound feed with feeding amount of 4-6% of parent loach weight for 2 times per day, checking disease and death of parent loach in pond every day, and finding bacterial red skin disease and/or saprolegniasis with a dosage of 1g/m3And (3) splashing the bleaching powder in the whole pond, fishing out the bleaching powder when death is found, periodically adding and replacing new water every 5 days, wherein the water replacement amount is 1/6 of the pond water amount each time, fishing after the cultivation is finished, transferring the bleaching powder into a prenatal intensified cultivation pond, and performing pond division cultivation to prepare for autumn cultivation or transferring the bleaching powder into an overwintering cultivation pond for overwintering cultivation.
3. The method for breeding Paramisgurnus dabryanus parent according to claim 1, wherein the overwintering breeding is performed in an overwintering breeding pond with an area of 900-1500m2Water depth of 1.2-1.5m and sludge depth of 20-30cm, and 2g/m is used before cultivation3And 0.7g/m of crystal dipterex3The copper sulfate ferrous sulfate mixture is used for splashing the pond, when the cultivation water temperature is below 10 ℃ in the cultivation process, the feed is not fed, when the cultivation water temperature is 10 ℃ or above, the complete particle compound feed is fed, the noon in fine days is selected for feeding, the feeding amount is not more than 1% of the weight of the parent loach, the feeding is carried out for 1-2 times every day, the feeding is finished within 1 hour, during the overwintering cultivation period, the water quality detection is carried out every half month, the water is timely changed according to the detection index, the quicklime or the microecological preparation is splashed for water quality regulation, after the cultivation is finished, the pond is fished and transferred into a prenatal enhanced cultivation pond for prenatal enhanced cultivation.
4. The method for cultivating paramisgurnus dabryanus parent according to claim 1, wherein the fermented peanut bran is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of peanut bran with 15 parts by weight of waste honey liquid, placing the mixture in a steaming cabinet, steaming for 20min, taking out, adding 12 parts by weight of EM bacterial liquid when the temperature is cooled to 40 ℃, mixing uniformly, piling for fermentation, adding 20 parts by weight of duck manure and 5-10 parts by weight of water when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃ for the first time, mixing uniformly, piling again for fermentation, and then, when the temperature in the pile exceeds 70 ℃ again, piling again, and in the later period of fermentation, when the temperature in the pile does not exceed 70 ℃, piling again every 2d until fermentation is completed; wherein, the EM bacterial liquid is prepared by inoculating 3 parts by weight of EM bacterial strain into 100 parts by weight of brown sugar water with the mass concentration of 10%, uniformly mixing, sealing and fermenting for 5 days.
5. The method for cultivating the paramisgurnus dabryanus parent according to claim 1, wherein a graduated scale is arranged on the outer wall of the upper part of the inner rod, and a horizontal pull rod is arranged at the top of the inner rod.
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