CN112282810A - Large-deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod - Google Patents
Large-deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN112282810A CN112282810A CN202011213805.6A CN202011213805A CN112282810A CN 112282810 A CN112282810 A CN 112282810A CN 202011213805 A CN202011213805 A CN 202011213805A CN 112282810 A CN112282810 A CN 112282810A
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- pipe barrel
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- anchor rod
- diameter pipe
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
- E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-deformation self-adaptive energy-releasing anchor rod which comprises a rod body (4) and an inner stepped pipe barrel (1) sleeved on the rear section of the rod body (4), wherein the tail part of the rod body (4) is provided with a wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41); the inner stepped pipe barrel (1) is provided with at least two steps of stepped surfaces and is sequentially divided into a small-diameter pipe barrel (11), at least one stage of middle-diameter pipe barrel (12) and a large-diameter pipe barrel (13) from front to back; the outer diameter of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41) is larger than the inner diameter of any medium-diameter pipe barrel (12), the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41) is preset in the large-diameter pipe barrel (13) and initially positioned on the rear-stage step surface, and the rod body (4) and the small-diameter pipe barrel (11) are in transition fit or interference fit. The invention has the technical effects that: the elongation is increased, the energy generated by surrounding rock deformation is effectively released, the early-stage supporting capability and the breaking strength of the anchor rod are greatly improved, a good supporting effect is achieved, and the surrounding rock is stabilized for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the protection technology of civil engineering, and particularly relates to an anchor rod which is applied to the engineering of disaster protection of tunnels or roadways, slope support and the like.
Background
The anchoring technology in geotechnical engineering is to apply anchor rods or anchor cables to reinforce rock mass, can give full play to the self-stability capability of the geotechnical mass, and is a reinforcing technology which has small disturbance to the original rock, high construction speed, safety, reliability, economy and effectiveness. The anchor rod can actively reinforce the rock-soil body, effectively control the deformation of the rock-soil body and prevent the collapse and the damage of the rock-soil body, and the anchor rod support has many advantages, so that the anchor rod support technology becomes a main support mode in the field of geotechnical engineering.
In practical engineering, bolting also has a number of disadvantages: the elongation of the traditional anchor rod is low, and the energy generated by deformation of surrounding rock cannot be effectively released. When the surrounding rock is greatly deformed, the anchor rod cannot adapt to the large deformation of the surrounding rock and is broken, so that the anchor rod supporting system fails, and once the anchor rod is broken, the whole anchor rod supporting system fails. Chinese patent document CN209212272U discloses an extensible anchor rod capable of adapting to large deformation of surrounding rock in 2019, 8.6.8. Comprises an anchor rod body, a clamp generating constant anchoring force and an orifice plate connected with the clamp. When the surrounding rock is deformed, force is transmitted to the clamp through the connecting piece to cause the clamp to slide, so that the anchor rod is extended. The structure starts to displace and release energy immediately when being subjected to external force, loses the function of early support, sacrifices the support strength of the anchor rod for good deformation effect, is usually lower in destruction strength, is generally lower than a common anchor rod, and loses the most basic support function of the anchor rod.
In addition, the existing large deformation monitoring of the surrounding rock needs manual distribution, installation of a reflector and manual measurement, and great waste is caused to labor cost and time cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing anchor rod, the invention aims to provide a large-deformation self-adaptive energy-releasing anchor rod which can increase the elongation percentage, effectively release the energy generated by the deformation of surrounding rocks to adapt to the places with large deformation of the surrounding rocks of a roadway, has stable and high-strength primary support force and greatly improves the destruction strength of the anchor rod.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the technical scheme, which comprises a rod body and an inner stepped pipe barrel sleeved on the rear section of the rod body; the tail part of the rod body is a wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head, and the joint part of the front end of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head and the rod body is a conical surface; the inner stepped pipe barrel is provided with at least two steps of stepped surfaces and is sequentially divided into a small-diameter pipe barrel, at least one stage of middle-diameter pipe barrel and a large-diameter pipe barrel from front to back; the diameter of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head is larger than that of any medium-diameter pipe barrel, the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head is arranged in the large-diameter pipe barrel in advance and is initially positioned on the rear-stage step surface, and the rod body and the small-diameter pipe barrel are in transition fit or interference fit; the outer circular surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel is sequentially provided with a steel plate tray and a nut which are tightly attached to the rock surrounding wall, the nut is in threaded fit with the outer circular surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel, and the nut presses the steel plate tray.
Preferably, the front step surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel is a cross section, and each rear step surface is a conical surface.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
at the beginning of supporting, due to the area difference between the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head and the rear step surface of the inner step pipe barrel, the rod body and the inner step pipe barrel are mutually clamped, and the generated static friction force is used for providing the initial supporting force. When the force of the surrounding rock on the steel plate tray is larger than the static friction force, the rod body and the inner stepped pipe barrel slide relatively, the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head starts to enter the intermediate diameter pipe barrel, the friction area is continuously increased in the process that the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head enters the intermediate diameter pipe barrel, so that the supporting force is continuously improved, and finally, the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head completely enters the intermediate diameter pipe barrel to achieve the effect of constant supporting force. The deformation energy generated by the surrounding rock is released along with the relative sliding of the rod body and the inner stepped pipe barrel, so that the anchor rod and the surrounding rock reach a new mechanical balance state. At the moment, the external force is further increased, the anchor rod circulates in the processes of displacement, energy release and stable secondary displacement until the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head slides to the front-stage step surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel, and enters the stage of the ultimate bearing capacity, and if the external force is increased again due to the deformation of surrounding rocks, the anchor rod enters the stage of destruction.
The rod body with the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head slides relatively in the inner stepped pipe barrel to be elongated, so that constant binding force can be provided in the deformation process to adapt to the deformation of surrounding rocks, the energy generated by the deformation of the surrounding rocks is released, and the anchor rod is prevented from being suddenly broken and failing instantly. Meanwhile, the inner hole of the inner stepped pipe barrel is provided with a rear-stage stepped surface which can provide initial support force at the beginning of anchoring, and a strong limit bearing force can be provided at a front-stage stepped surface at which the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head enters the front end of the intermediate-diameter pipe barrel. Therefore, the invention has the following technical effects: the elongation is increased, the energy generated by surrounding rock deformation is effectively released, the early-stage supporting capability and the breaking strength of the anchor rod are greatly improved, a good supporting effect is achieved, and the surrounding rock is stabilized for a long time.
Drawings
The drawings of the invention are illustrated as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a force deformation diagram of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the supporting force versus displacement of the embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection warning system of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an inner stepped pipe barrel; 11. a small-diameter pipe barrel; 12. a pitch diameter pipe barrel; 13. a large-diameter pipe barrel; 2. a nut; 3. a steel plate tray; 4. a rod body; 41. a wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head; 5. An early warning system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
in this application, the terms "forward" and "rearward" are used in the sense that "forward" refers to a direction inward along the bolt and "rearward" refers to a location away from the inner end of the bolt and near the exit of the surrounding rock for clarity of describing the structural features of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment includes a rod body 4, and further includes an inner stepped pipe barrel 1 sleeved on the rear section of the rod body 4, and the tail of the rod body 4 is a wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41; the inner stepped pipe barrel 1 is provided with two stepped surfaces, and is sequentially divided into a small-diameter pipe barrel 11, a first-stage medium-diameter pipe barrel 12 and a large-diameter pipe barrel 13 from front to back; the outer diameter of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the medium-diameter pipe barrel 12, the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 is preset in the large-diameter pipe barrel 13 and initially positioned on the rear-stage step surface, and the rod body 4 and the small-diameter pipe barrel 11 are in transition fit or interference fit; the outer circular surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel 1 is sequentially provided with a steel plate tray 3 and a nut 2 which are tightly attached to a rock surrounding wall, the nut is in threaded fit with the outer circular surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel 1, and the nut presses the steel plate tray 3.
The invention uses the deformation of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head and the inner wall of the pipe barrel to obtain friction force, and forms main tension on the anchor rod for preventing surrounding rock from moving. The front-stage step surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel 1 is a cross section, the rear-stage step surface is a conical surface, and the conical surface is favorable for the abrasion-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 to slide in the inner stepped pipe barrel; the cross-section is to prevent the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 from sliding further towards the front section of the stepped-in barrel to provide a limited bearing capacity.
When the surrounding rock is deformed greatly, the tunnel surrounding rock releases deformation energy, and the existing large-deformation anchor rod begins to deform and displace immediately after being stressed. The forced deformation of this embodiment is shown in fig. 2: the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 has a diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the intermediate-diameter barrel 12, so that the anchor rod can provide primary support force for surrounding rock at the beginning of anchoring, and can provide a stronger limit bearing force after the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 enters the front-stage step surface of the sleeve. The invention is suitable for the deformation of surrounding rock, and simultaneously enhances the support strength at the initial stage of support and the ultimate bearing capacity at the later stage of anchoring work.
When the embodiment is installed, the anchor rod is installed according to the standard anchor rod construction process, and the nut 2 is adjusted to enable the embodiment to be in a tension state. When the rock deformation is not large, the working principle of the embodiment is consistent with that of the traditional anchor rod, the bonding force and the friction force between the anchor rod 4 and the grouting body are mainly still relied on, the inner stepped pipe barrel 1 and the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 can generate static friction force at the beginning of anchoring, and the inner stepped pipe barrel 1 simultaneously plays a role in protecting the reinforcing steel bars of the free section of the anchor rod from being corroded by the surrounding environment of the rock.
When the surrounding rock generates large deformation, such as rock burst and the like, the external thrust of the steel plate tray 3 on the surrounding rock is larger than the static friction force between the embodiment and the surrounding rock. As shown in fig. 2, the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 will relatively displace along the inner stepped pipe 1, and part of the energy is released by deformation, and the engagement force between the inner stepped pipe 1 and the anchor rod anchoring section and the grout, and the friction force between the inner stepped pipe 1 and the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 are equal to the surrounding rock pressure, so as to achieve a new static balance state. The curve of the relation between the supporting force and the displacement of the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, when the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 slides to the rear step surface, the tension rapidly rises to 150kN, after the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 enters the intermediate diameter pipe barrel, the tension is in a constant stage, the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head 41 reaches the front step surface, the displacement does not change any more, the tension linearly rises to 220kN, and the ultimate bearing force is obtained.
As shown in fig. 4, the tail end of the anchor rod 4 is connected with a displacement sensor of the early warning system 5, in the displacement change process of the anchor rod, the early warning system 5 acquires anchor rod tension data in a time and event driving mode, and the acquired data penetrates through a stratum through a wireless or wired signal and is sent to an early warning monitoring station; the monitoring station performs high-speed operation on anchor rod stretching data according to strong edge computing capacity of the monitoring station to obtain early warning data of different levels, and performs acousto-optic early warning and broadcasting of dangerous information and sending of the early warning data to the cloud platform for big data processing according to early warning strategy on site; the early warning strategy and the early warning threshold value can be set according to the working condition in the early period.
The early warning strategy of the early warning system comprises the following steps:
1. early warning on site: and after the dangerous condition is calculated by the early warning station, the acousto-optic early warning is directly carried out on site, and early warning voice is played.
2. Early warning of a monitoring center: the monitoring hall can set an early warning station to not immediately early warn after obtaining the dangerous data, but let an expert of the control center confirm whether to start on-site early warning.
3. And E, mobile phone early warning of responsible persons: and after receiving the early warning condition of the early warning station or the monitoring center, the responsible person confirms the dangerous condition on site and controls the early warning station to immediately early warn or confirms the dangerous condition to the monitoring center.
The early warning algorithm of the early warning system comprises the following steps:
1. dynamic threshold algorithm: according to the data condition of the sensor, the threshold level is dynamically adjusted to divide the danger early warning level, and the method is generally used for single danger field condition deployment.
2. Multi-sensor multi-parameter weight algorithm: and weighing early warning levels according to data of a plurality of sensors, and using the early warning levels for multi-risk factor field deployment.
3. Mechanical model algorithm based on finite element: the method is used for scene deployment with complicated and variable scene and dynamic change of site risk factors
And connecting the mounted anchor rod with the early warning system 5, performing waterproof treatment, and selecting a proper early warning algorithm, an early warning strategy and an early warning threshold value according to the working condition. In the whole working process of the embodiment, the early warning system 5 collects and feeds back the displacement data of the anchor rod in real time, and processes the displacement data in real time according to the early warning algorithm, the early warning strategy and the early warning threshold value set in the early stage.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a big deformation self-adaptation energy release stock, includes body of rod (4), characterized by: the pipe is characterized by also comprising an inner stepped pipe barrel (1) sleeved on the rear section of the rod body (4), wherein the tail part of the rod body (4) is provided with a wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41); the inner stepped pipe barrel (1) is provided with at least two steps, and the pipe barrel is sequentially divided into a small-diameter pipe barrel (11), at least one stage of middle-diameter pipe barrel (12) and a large-diameter pipe barrel (13) from front to back; the outer diameter of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41) is larger than the inner diameter of any medium-diameter pipe barrel (12), the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41) is preset in the large-diameter pipe barrel (13) and initially positioned on the rear-stage step surface, and the rod body (4) and the small-diameter pipe barrel (11) are in transition fit or interference fit; the outer circular surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel (1) is sequentially provided with a steel plate tray (3) and a nut (2) which are tightly attached to a rock surrounding wall, the nut is in threaded fit with the outer circular surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel (1), and the nut presses the steel plate tray (3).
2. The large deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner stepped pipe barrel (1) is provided with two stepped surfaces, the inner stepped pipe barrel is sequentially divided into a small-diameter pipe barrel (11), a medium-diameter pipe barrel (12) and a large-diameter pipe barrel (13) from front to back, and the outer diameter of the wear-resistant magnesium alloy friction head (41) is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the medium-diameter pipe barrel (12).
3. The large deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the front stage step surface of the inner stepped pipe barrel (1) is a section, and each rear stage step surface is a conical surface.
4. The large deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the tail end of the anchor rod (4) is connected with the early warning system (5).
5. The large deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the tail end of the anchor rod (4) is connected with the early warning system (5).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011213805.6A CN112282810A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Large-deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011213805.6A CN112282810A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Large-deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112282810A true CN112282810A (en) | 2021-01-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011213805.6A Pending CN112282810A (en) | 2020-11-04 | 2020-11-04 | Large-deformation self-adaptive energy release anchor rod |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113279798A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Automatic measuring device for expansion deformation of protective layer for guniting hole sealing and using method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102094662A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | Friction sleeve type large deformation anchor rod |
| CN107829768A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-23 | 山东建筑大学 | It is a kind of can explosion expand the Large Deformation Support device and technique of anchor structure automatically |
| CN108442955A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-08-24 | 重庆大学 | A kind of adaptive friction formula anchor pole |
| CN108590721A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-28 | 重庆大学 | A kind of adaptively release can anchor pole |
| CN109026103A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of expanding extrusion friction anchor shaft anchor cable structure |
| CN109339842A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 重庆大学 | A kind of liquid metal sensor and the large deformation anchor rod using the sensor monitoring and warning |
-
2020
- 2020-11-04 CN CN202011213805.6A patent/CN112282810A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102094662A (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2011-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | Friction sleeve type large deformation anchor rod |
| CN107829768A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-23 | 山东建筑大学 | It is a kind of can explosion expand the Large Deformation Support device and technique of anchor structure automatically |
| CN108442955A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-08-24 | 重庆大学 | A kind of adaptive friction formula anchor pole |
| CN108590721A (en) * | 2018-05-14 | 2018-09-28 | 重庆大学 | A kind of adaptively release can anchor pole |
| CN109026103A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-18 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of expanding extrusion friction anchor shaft anchor cable structure |
| CN109339842A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-15 | 重庆大学 | A kind of liquid metal sensor and the large deformation anchor rod using the sensor monitoring and warning |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113279798A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-08-20 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Automatic measuring device for expansion deformation of protective layer for guniting hole sealing and using method |
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Application publication date: 20210129 |