CN112279645B - 一种碳极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳极材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112279645B CN112279645B CN202011235059.0A CN202011235059A CN112279645B CN 112279645 B CN112279645 B CN 112279645B CN 202011235059 A CN202011235059 A CN 202011235059A CN 112279645 B CN112279645 B CN 112279645B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- oxide film
- washing
- aluminum
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010407 anodic oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline Chemical compound C1CN2CC(C(=C(OC)C=C3)OC)=C3CC2C2=C1C=C(OC)C(OC)=C2 AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007833 carbon precursor Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004966 Carbon aerogel Substances 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011302 mesophase pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000565357 Fraxinus nigra Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 room temperature Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种棒状碳阳极材料的制备方法,其中碳棒碳原料的尺寸、大小、形状几乎一致,获得阳极材料的机械强度高、耐腐蚀性能好、均匀性好,使用寿命长的碳纤维阳极材料,其断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7*10‑3,高温使用条件无鼓涨,无断裂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有色金属电解精炼用惰性阳极材料制备方法技术领域。
背景技术
电极在电解工业中起着非常重要的作用,目前用于有色金属提取的不溶性阳极材料主要有铅合金(主要是Pb-Ag合金)电极和钛基涂层电极,然而前者密度大、强度低、易溶解,且采用铅合金作为阳极材料,导致电解产品中的铅含量增加;而后者中的钛基贵金属(铱、钌、钽)氧化物涂层电极虽已成功应用于氯碱工业,但却不适合在析氧型的硫酸电解液中使用,且钛内阻太大也是不可回避的问题。
为克服铅电极的不足,研究者们主要围绕两个方面进行:一方面是降低Pb-Ag合金中银含量的同时添加其他合金元素(Sr、Sn、Bi、Sb等)及稀土元素(Ce、Tb、Yb等)的多元合金化以提高合金强度、耐蚀性,并降低槽电压;另一方面借助电化学沉积、涂覆等方法在铅电极表面电沉积或涂覆一层电催化活性剂和增强剂,如IrO2、RuO2、PbO2、MnO2等,以提高电极的导电性、稳定性,并增强表面涂层附着力。然而对铅合金阳极进行的种种处理,或在合金中添加其他元素,或对其进行活化、增强处理,始终解决不了铅基体在电化学腐蚀过程中的溶解问题。
碳材,如碳纤维有高的比模量和比强度、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳、耐磨损、比重轻等一系列优异机械性能,同时,导电性好、耐腐蚀性强、强度高易于加工、使用寿命长、制备费用低、电极催化活性高,适合用于有色金属电解精炼惰性阳极。
目前碳材主要集中在具有高比表面积和内阻较小的多孔碳材料和对碳基材料进行改性研究等方面。常用的碳材料有:活性炭、碳黑、纳米碳纤维、玻璃碳、碳纳米管、碳气凝胶、网络结构活性炭以及某些有机物的碳化产物等。
如CN105386087 A公开了一种电解用碳纤维阳极材料的制备方法,将碳纤维粉末与粘结剂按质量比9:1~3:2均匀混合,形成预制配料;将预制配料置于球磨机中球磨后筛分,得到球磨料;将球磨料置于成型设备中冷压成型,得到成型料;将成型料置于氮气或惰性气氛或真空高温气氛中无氧烧结成型,降温冷却后即得到碳纤维阳极材料,所述碳纤维阳极具有良好的导电性,机械强度、耐腐蚀性和化学稳定性;同时有效降低沉积金属中杂质含量,大幅度提高阴极产品的纯度。
但是,不论是何种活性炭、碳黑、纳米碳纤维、玻璃碳、碳纳米管、碳气凝胶、网络结构活性炭以及某些有机物的碳化产物制作的电极均存在同样的问题,即电极的机械强度,如断裂强度不均匀,经常会发生某一位置的断裂强度太低,降低整个电极材料的机械性,其主要原因就在于活性炭、碳黑、纳米碳纤维原材料尺寸不均一所导致。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有技术的不足,提供一种棒状碳阳极材料的制备方法,其中碳棒碳原料的尺寸、大小、形状几乎一致,获得阳极材料的机械强度高、耐腐蚀性能好、均匀性好,使用寿命长的碳纤维阳极材料,其断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7*10-3,高温使用条件无鼓涨,无断裂。
一种棒状碳阳极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将棒状碳与粘结剂按质量比为(7-8):1混合均匀,所述粘结剂为树脂或沥青;
(2)加压成型:在冷压机中以压力800-850kg/cm2预压成型,密度为1.2-1.3g/cm3;
(3)真空碳化:真空度250-300torr,程序升温参数:以5oC/h的速率升温至450oC,保温1h,以2oC/h的速率升温至550oC,保温2h,然后以1oC/ h的速率升温至920oC,保温5h,获得碳预烧胚体;
(4)高温石墨化:置于氮气高温石墨化炉中,以15oC/h的速率升温至2400oC,保温8h;获得的棒状碳阳极材料的密度为1.85-1.89g/cm3;所述阳极的断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7*10-3,
其中所述棒状碳的制备过程如下:
(1)以铝材为基材,通过电化学的方法在铝材表面形成多孔氧化膜;
(2)以所述多孔氧化膜为硬模板,以沥青树脂聚合物为碳源,将碳源多次重复填充于所述氧化膜孔道内;
(3)机械打磨步骤(2)获得的材料;
(4)强酸腐蚀步骤(3)获得的材料,除去硬模板;
(5)洗涤、干燥,获得棒状碳。
进一步的,所述基材经过预处理:脱脂-水洗-酸洗-水洗-碱蚀-水洗-出光-水洗,其中脱脂溶液:碳酸氢钠45g/ L,碳酸钠45g/ L,温度40oC;酸洗液:氢氟酸0.02g/L,硫酸4g/ L,表面活性剂1g/ L,温度室温; 碱蚀液:氢氧化钠45 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠1 g/L,温度40oC,时间2-3min;出光液:350g/L硝酸溶液,时间2-3min 。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)的过程如下:以经过预处理的铝材为阳极,惰性铅材料为阴极,采用10-20wt.%硫酸水溶液为电解液,电流密度1-2A/dm2,时间30-100min,温度20-30oC,获得阳极氧化膜铝材。
进一步的,将获得的阳极氧化膜铝材于35oC下,使用5-7wt.%磷酸进行扩孔,时间为40-50min,真空干燥。
进一步的,所述步骤(2)中沥青树脂聚合物的制备方法如下:将苯甲醛、蒽、浓硫酸装入三口瓶中,使用氮气排空,于135oC持续搅拌条件下获得黑色沥青树脂产物,并使用丙醇反复洗涤、过滤、干燥获得淡黄色粉末固体,将所述淡黄色粉末溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌30min,然后加入步骤(1)中获得的扩孔后的氧化膜铝材,继续搅拌,并辅助抽真空,填充12-24h,然后旋转蒸发得到淡黄色氧化膜铝材,进一步与氮气氛围,800oC下碳化4h。
进一步的,所述抽真空的真空度为10-20Pa。
进一步的,所述多次重复填充为1-2次。
进一步的,所述机械抛光为抛光轮打磨,用于除去阳极氧化膜多孔层之上的非孔道内碳材。
进一步的,所述强酸为15wt.%的H2SO4和10wt.%的HNO3,体积比为VH2SO4:VHNO3=1:1,在搅拌条件下,于100oC回流处理3 h。
进一步的,所述洗涤为使用去离子水多次洗涤至偏中性后过滤,干燥为60oC下鼓风干燥12 h。
关于制备方法:
(a)电极原材料碳决定以后,就要根据成型主料的理化性能,添加某些数量较小的粘结剂的物质,以改善成型主料的粉体附着性、凝聚性,以达到满意的成型效果。在成型主料决定以后,选用不同成型粘结剂对产品物性影响很大。通常为改善产品性能及成型工艺性能,应根据成型主料的物性,添加适量成型粘结剂。
本发明选用树脂或沥青作为粘结剂,在电极成型过程中,不希望产品被粘结剂所污染,所述树脂或沥青应当在焙烧过程中可以分解,获得的分解物与棒状碳粘结在一起,起到一定骨架作用,从而使分散的棒状碳结合成为牢固的整体电极,再经过真空和高温石墨化处理,最后成为高密度、高强度的碳阳极材料。
(b)加压成型,在冷压机中以压力800-850kg/cm2预压成型,密度为1.2-1.3g/cm3;
用于初步提高碳材的密度,如附图8所示。
(c)真空碳化:通过对碳材在TGA/DTA曲线测试,可以发现在400oC左右有一个小的热失重,热分解的小分子开始挥发,在400-450oC没有明显的热失重,当温度升高到550OC发生强烈的热分解和脱氢反应,并会发生大量的气体,这个过程中体积发生收缩,收缩率大概为9.78%,重量损失为11.32%,此时的密度为1.62 g/cm3,这个过程需要在450oC和550oC两个温度点充分反应,有利于高密度碳材的生长,具体为真空度250-300torr,程序升温参数:以5oC/h的速率升温至450oC,保温1h,以2oC/h的速率升温至550oC,保温2h,然后以1oC/ h的速率升温至920oC,保温5h,获得碳预烧胚体。
(d)高温石墨化::置于氮气高温石墨化炉中,以15oC/h的速率升温至2400oC,保温8h;进一步减少棒状碳中易挥发物,提高阳极的热传导性,可减少因为热传导系数低,以及收缩率大所产生的热应力导致的碳化破裂现象,这个过程中碳阳极收缩率大概为3.2%,重量损失为1.9%,此时的密度为1.85-1.89g/cm3
(1)本申请使用的铝材在阳极氧化前应当进行预处理无论何种表面处理工艺,要获得好效果,清洁表面是首要的条件,本申请希望获得纳米孔道均匀,厚度一致的阳极氧化膜,因此预处理为获得各向均匀氧化膜的基础,本发明基材经过预处理:脱脂-水洗-酸洗-水洗-碱蚀-水洗-出光-水洗。
其中脱脂溶液:碳酸氢钠45g/ L,碳酸钠45g/ L,温度40oC,工件在进行表面处理之前,必须先除去表面的油污,才能保证转化膜与基体金属的结合强度,保证转化膜化学反应的顺利进行,获得质量合格的转化膜层。
酸洗液:氢氟酸0.02g/L,硫酸4g/ L,表面活性剂1g/ L,温度室温,用酸洗除去表面的污物和氧化物,同时不会发生氢脆,铝合金的酸性脱脂机理是:将铝表面的氧化物溶去,使油污松动,利用水流作用使油污离开金属表面。
碱蚀液:氢氧化钠45 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠1 g/L,温度40oC,时间2-3min,铝合金工件,经过脱脂工艺后,还不能进行转化膜处理,表面一般存在自然氧化膜,加工条纹等缺陷,需要进行腐蚀处理去除自然氧化膜,活化表面。碱性腐蚀是最常用的腐蚀工艺,主要成分是NaOH溶液,它成本低,维护管理容易,用于除去酸洗无法除去的氧化膜。
出光液:350g/L硝酸溶液,时间2-3min,。经酸碱腐蚀后的工件,表面常发暗,这是因为含铜较高的铝合金表面,有铜氧化物的存在,形成黑色挂灰。为使工件表面光亮,通常再在硝酸溶液中进行出光处理。
(2)关于阳极氧化:采用10-20wt.%硫酸水溶液为电解液,电流密度1-2A/dm2,时间30-100min,温度20-30oC,获得阳极氧化膜铝材厚度为10-20微米,孔径集中于500nm以下,孔径较小,如附图5所示,所述孔径不利于后续的填充碳前驱体,因此将获得的阳极氧化膜铝材于35oC下,使用5-7wt.%磷酸进行扩孔,时间为40-50min,真空干燥,以完成阳极氧化膜孔道的扩孔,利于碳前驱体的填充,扩孔过程中,厚度没有明显的降低,或者降低不明显,孔径扩大为0.5-0.7μm,如附图6所示,为扩孔20min的阳极氧化膜孔道硬模板,如附图7所示,为为扩孔45min的阳极氧化膜硬模板。
(3)关于前驱体的制备:选择碳前驱体的原则是:分子大小适宜进入阳极氧化膜模板孔道、与孔壁相容性(润湿性、亲水性)较好、分了或孔内进一步聚合物质具有较高的炭化收率等。目前,碳前驱体主要有蔗糖、木糖、葡萄糖、糠醇树脂、酚醛树脂、中间相沥青、蒽、菲、二乙烯基苯以及一些有机溶剂如乙醇、甲醇、甲苯等。把不同的前驱体引入到硬模板的孔道中的方法也有很多种,最常用的主要是溶液浸渍,碳前驱体的类型对最终所得碳材料的结构也有较大的影响。以糠醇为碳前驱体,很容易制备出有序性好的介孔碳;以中间相沥青为碳前驱体时可显著减少材料的微孔率,并且产碳率高;此外,碳前驱体的类型还对最终所得碳材料的石墨化程度有着非常重要的影响,含氧量高的具有松散分子结构的前驱体(如酚醛树脂)经过碳化后可以得到含有大量微孔与较高氧含量的硬质碳材料,它们很难石墨化。不含氧的具有稠环结构的前驱体(如蒽)经过碳化后可以得到较高石墨化程度的介孔碳材料,本发明填充碳希望碳材的微孔率,产碳率高,因此使用沥青树脂聚合物进行填充。
制备方法如下:将苯甲醛、蒽、浓硫酸装入三口瓶中,使用氮气排空,于135oC持续搅拌条件下获得黑色沥青树脂产物,并使用丙醇反复洗涤、过滤、干燥获得淡黄色粉末固体,将所述淡黄色粉末溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌30min,然后加入步骤(1)中获得的扩孔后的氧化膜铝材,继续搅拌,并辅助抽真空,填充12-24h,然后旋转蒸发得到淡黄色氧化膜铝材,进一步与氮气氛围,800oC下碳化4h。
上述过程中需要注意(a)填充过程中需要应当注意温度和水分,避免发生阳极氧化膜的水性封孔现象,孔的封闭会显著降低碳前驱液的填充;(b)搅拌和抽真空为必须手段,由于沥青聚合物的粘稠性,填充过程略有难度,因此必须时刻搅拌,并抽真空,辅助碳前驱体进入孔道,然后进行蒸发,干燥、碳化过程;(c)填充次数依需而定,并非越多越好,充分填充即可。
此外,阳极氧化多孔膜硬模板的质量、碳前驱体填充量、碳化过程,这三个因素,都会很大程度影响纳米碳棒的介观结构。尤其重要的是,碳前驱体的选择。碳前驱体分子能与模板分子发生相互作用来形成有序的介观结构。其次,前驱体分子还必须能够自身相互交联形成一个热固型的高分子网络,通过形成高分子网络才能保证在去除模板工程中抵抗在高温碳化和脱除模板过程中的骨架收缩引起的变形。此外,不同的碳前驱体会经历不同的炭化过程,进而不仅会影响碳棒的介观结构还会影响石墨化程度等微观结构。因此,要求碳前驱体前驱体分子必须大小适宜、热稳定性好、具有丰富的经基、其聚合物具有较高的残碳量等特点。
(4)关于打磨:机械打磨为本发明控制形貌的关键步骤,如附图1所示当填充的碳前驱体过量,导致阳极氧化膜表面附着有碳材,此时需要抛光轮打磨,用于除去阳极氧化膜多孔层之上的非孔道内碳材,最终获得的碳棒的一端为阳极氧化膜阻挡层位置的半圆弧段,一端为机械抛光的平线端,如附图2所示,其中一端为圆弧状,一端为平线端。
(5)关于腐蚀,对于阳极氧化铝而言,基材为氧化铝和铝材,由于铝材的两性性质,因此可以使用酸性液或者碱性液进行腐蚀,但是本申请摒弃碱性腐蚀,是由于本发明除了要除去铝材模板,还需要在碳材表面引入大量的亲水自由基,如羟基,氧基等,仅使用碱性腐蚀是不够的,因此使用强酸为15wt.%的H2SO4和10wt.%的HNO3,体积比为VH2SO4:VHNO3=1:1,在搅拌条件下,于100oC回流处理3 h,通过强酸腐蚀和回流处理,引入羟基,使得碳材的水溶性变好,在乙醇和水溶液体系下,如附图2的SEM所示,本发明的碳棒均匀分散,聚合低,正式由于这种分散状态的存在,显著扩宽的所述碳棒的应用领域。
如附图3和附图4所示,为未打磨,直接进行腐蚀后,获得的规整碳棒材料的俯视图和侧视图。
本发明所述方案具有以下有益效果:
(1)通过模板法制备的碳棒的尺寸、大小、形状几乎一致,最终获得的碳材的均匀性好。
(2)获得阳极材料的机械强度高、耐腐蚀性能好、均匀性好,使用寿命长的碳纤维阳极材料,
(3)阳极材料的断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7*10-3,高温使用条件无鼓涨,无断裂。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备纳米碳棒的示意图。
图2为本发明纳米碳棒在水-乙醇条件下的TEM图。
图3为本发明未经过打磨处理的纳米棒状碳材的SEM俯视图。
图4为本发明未经过打磨处理的纳米棒状碳材的侧视图。
图5为本发明未经过扩孔的阳极氧化膜孔道的SEM图。
图6为本发明经过20min扩孔的阳极氧化膜孔道的SEM图。
图7为本发明经过45min扩孔的阳极氧化膜孔道的SEM图。
附8为本发明经过加压成型获得的阳极材料的SEM图。
实施方式
实施例
一种棒状碳阳极材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(a)将棒状碳与粘结剂按质量比为7:1混合均匀,所述粘结剂为树脂或沥青;
(b)加压成型:在冷压机中以压力800kg/cm2预压成型;
(c)真空碳化:真空度250torr,程序升温参数:以5oC/h的速率升温至450oC,保温1h,以2oC/h的速率升温至550oC,保温2h,然后以1oC/ h的速率升温至920oC,保温5h,获得碳预烧胚体;
(d)高温石墨化:置于氮气高温石墨化炉中,以15oC/h的速率升温至2400oC,保温8h;
其中所述棒状碳的制备过程如下:(1)预处理: 脱脂-水洗-酸洗-水洗-碱蚀-水洗-出光-水洗,其中脱脂溶液:碳酸氢钠45g/ L,碳酸钠45g/ L,温度40oC;酸洗液:氢氟酸0.02g/L,硫酸4g/ L,表面活性剂1g/ L,温度室温; 碱蚀液:氢氧化钠45 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠1g/L,温度40oC,时间2min;出光液:350g/L硝酸溶液,时间2min。
(2)以铝材为基材,通过电化学的方法在铝材表面形成多孔氧化膜;以铝或铝合金为基材,惰性铅材料为阴极,采用10wt.%硫酸水溶液为电解液,电流密度1A/dm2,时间30min,温度20oC,获得阳极氧化膜铝材, 将获得的阳极氧化膜铝材于35oC下,使用5wt.%磷酸进行扩孔,时间为40min,真空干燥。
(3)以所述多孔氧化膜为硬模板,以沥青树脂聚合物为碳源,将碳源多次重复填充于所述氧化膜孔道内: 沥青树脂聚合物的制备方法如下:将苯甲醛、蒽、浓硫酸装入三口瓶中,使用氮气排空,于135oC持续搅拌条件下获得黑色沥青树脂产物,并使用丙醇反复洗涤、过滤、干燥获得淡黄色粉末固体,将所述淡黄色粉末溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌30min,然后加入步骤(1)中获得的扩孔后的氧化膜铝材,继续搅拌,并辅助抽真空,填充12h,然后旋转蒸发得到淡黄色氧化膜铝材,进一步与氮气氛围,800oC下碳化4h,所述抽真空的真空度为10-20Pa,填充两次。
(4)机械打磨步骤材料:机械抛光为抛光轮打磨,用于除去阳极氧化膜多孔层之上的非孔道内碳材。
(5)强酸腐蚀除去硬模板:所述强酸为15wt.%的H2SO4和10wt.%的HNO3,体积比为VH2SO4:VHNO3=1:1,在搅拌条件下,于100oC回流处理3 h。
(6)洗涤、干燥,使用去离子水多次洗涤至偏中性后过滤,干燥为60oC下鼓风干燥12 h。
实施例2
一种棒状碳阳极材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(a)将棒状碳与粘结剂按质量比为7.5:1混合均匀,所述粘结剂为树脂或沥青;
(b)加压成型:在冷压机中以压力800-850kg/cm2预压成型;
(c)真空碳化:真空度300torr,程序升温参数:以5oC/h的速率升温至450oC,保温1h,以2oC/h的速率升温至550oC,保温2h,然后以1oC/ h的速率升温至920oC,保温5h,获得碳预烧胚体;
(d)高温石墨化:置于氮气高温石墨化炉中,以15oC/h的速率升温至2400oC,保温8h;所述阳极的断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7*10-3,
其中所述棒状碳的制备过程如下:
(1)预处理: 脱脂-水洗-酸洗-水洗-碱蚀-水洗-出光-水洗,其中脱脂溶液:碳酸氢钠45g/ L,碳酸钠45g/ L,温度40oC;酸洗液:氢氟酸0.02g/L,硫酸4g/ L,表面活性剂1g/L,温度室温; 碱蚀液:氢氧化钠45 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠1 g/L,温度40oC,时间2.5min;出光液:350g/L硝酸溶液,时间2.5min。
(2)以铝材为基材,通过电化学的方法在铝材表面形成多孔氧化膜;以铝或铝合金为基材,惰性铅材料为阴极,采用15wt.%硫酸水溶液为电解液,电流密度1.5A/dm2,时间60min,温度25oC,获得阳极氧化膜铝材, 将获得的阳极氧化膜铝材于35oC下,使用6wt.%磷酸进行扩孔,时间为45min,真空干燥。
(3)以所述多孔氧化膜为硬模板,以沥青树脂聚合物为碳源,将碳源多次重复填充于所述氧化膜孔道内: 沥青树脂聚合物的制备方法如下:将苯甲醛、蒽、浓硫酸装入三口瓶中,使用氮气排空,于135oC持续搅拌条件下获得黑色沥青树脂产物,并使用丙醇反复洗涤、过滤、干燥获得淡黄色粉末固体,将所述淡黄色粉末溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌30min,然后加入步骤(1)中获得的扩孔后的氧化膜铝材,继续搅拌,并辅助抽真空,填充18h,然后旋转蒸发得到淡黄色氧化膜铝材,进一步与氮气氛围,800oC下碳化4h,所述抽真空的真空度为10-20Pa,填充两次。
(4)机械打磨步骤材料:机械抛光为抛光轮打磨,用于除去阳极氧化膜多孔层之上的非孔道内碳材。
(5)强酸腐蚀除去硬模板:所述强酸为15wt.%的H2SO4和10wt.%的HNO3,体积比为VH2SO4:VHNO3=1:1,在搅拌条件下,于100oC回流处理3 h。
(6)洗涤、干燥,使用去离子水多次洗涤至偏中性后过滤,干燥为60oC下鼓风干燥12 h。
实施例
一种棒状碳阳极材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(a)将棒状碳与粘结剂按质量比为8:1混合均匀,所述粘结剂为树脂或沥青;
(b)加压成型:在冷压机中以压力850kg/cm2预压成型;
(c)真空碳化:真空度300torr,程序升温参数:以5oC/h的速率升温至450oC,保温1h,以2oC/h的速率升温至550oC,保温2h,然后以1oC/ h的速率升温至920oC,保温5h,获得碳预烧胚体;
(d)高温石墨化:置于氮气高温石墨化炉中,以15oC/h的速率升温至2400oC,保温8h;
其中所述棒状碳的制备过程如下:
(1)预处理: 脱脂-水洗-酸洗-水洗-碱蚀-水洗-出光-水洗,其中脱脂溶液:碳酸氢钠45g/ L,碳酸钠45g/ L,温度40oC;酸洗液:氢氟酸0.02g/L,硫酸4g/ L,表面活性剂1g/L,温度室温; 碱蚀液:氢氧化钠45 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠1 g/L,温度40oC,时间3min;出光液:350g/L硝酸溶液,时间3min。
(2)以铝材为基材,通过电化学的方法在铝材表面形成多孔氧化膜;以铝或铝合金为基材,惰性铅材料为阴极,采用20wt.%硫酸水溶液为电解液,电流密度2A/dm2,时间100min,温度30oC,获得阳极氧化膜铝材, 将获得的阳极氧化膜铝材于35oC下,使用7wt.%磷酸进行扩孔,时间为50min,真空干燥。
(3)以所述多孔氧化膜为硬模板,以沥青树脂聚合物为碳源,将碳源多次重复填充于所述氧化膜孔道内: 沥青树脂聚合物的制备方法如下:将苯甲醛、蒽、浓硫酸装入三口瓶中,使用氮气排空,于135oC持续搅拌条件下获得黑色沥青树脂产物,并使用丙醇反复洗涤、过滤、干燥获得淡黄色粉末固体,将所述淡黄色粉末溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌30min,然后加入步骤(1)中获得的扩孔后的氧化膜铝材,继续搅拌,并辅助抽真空,填充24h,然后旋转蒸发得到淡黄色氧化膜铝材,进一步与氮气氛围,800oC下碳化4h,所述抽真空的真空度为10-20Pa,填充两次。
(4)机械打磨步骤材料:机械抛光为抛光轮打磨,用于除去阳极氧化膜多孔层之上的非孔道内碳材。
(5)强酸腐蚀除去硬模板:所述强酸为15wt.%的H2SO4和10wt.%的HNO3,体积比为VH2SO4:VHNO3=1:1,在搅拌条件下,于100oC回流处理3 h。
(6)洗涤、干燥,使用去离子水多次洗涤至偏中性后过滤,干燥为60oC下鼓风干燥12 h。
采用实施例2的步骤,制备20个样品,使用ST-5E强度测定仪测量其断裂强度,断裂强度分别为957 kg/cm2;953 kg/cm2;955 kg/cm2;959 kg/cm2;956 kg/cm2;956 kg/cm2;954kg/cm2;955 kg/cm2;956 kg/cm2;949 kg/cm2;952 kg/cm2;950 kg/cm2;961 kg/cm2;943kg/cm2;957 kg/cm2;947 kg/cm2;949 kg/cm2;960 kg/cm2;942 kg/cm2;945 kg/cm2;经过计算,获得的阳极材料的密度为1.85-1.89g/cm3;所述阳极的断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7*10-3,所述阳极的稳定性和断裂强度远超同类产品。
以上,虽然通过优选的实施例对本发明进行了例示性的说明,但本发明并不局限于这种特定的实施例,可以在记载于本发明的保护范围的范畴内实施适当的变更。
Claims (1)
1.一种碳极材料的制备方法,所述碳极材料为棒状碳阳极材料,其特征在于碳极材料的制备过程包括如下步骤:
(a)将棒状碳与粘结剂按质量比为(7-8):1混合均匀,所述粘结剂为树脂或沥青;
(b)加压成型:在冷压机中以压力800-850kg/cm2预压成型,密度为1.2-1.3g/cm3;
(c)真空碳化:真空度250-300torr,程序升温参数:以5℃/h的速率升温至450℃,保温1h,以2℃/h的速率升温至550℃,保温2h,然后以1℃/ h的速率升温至920℃,保温5h,获得碳预烧胚体;
(d)高温石墨化:置于氮气高温石墨化炉中,以15℃/h的速率升温至2400℃,保温8h;获得的棒状碳阳极材料的密度为1.85-1.89g/cm3;所述阳极的断裂强度为950±10kg/cm2,断裂强度的平均偏差5.52,断裂强度的波动系数5.7×10-3;
其中所述棒状碳的制备过程如下:
(1)以铝材为基材,所述基材经过预处理:脱脂-水洗-酸洗-水洗-碱蚀-水洗-出光-水洗,其中脱脂溶液:碳酸氢钠45g/ L,碳酸钠45g/ L,温度40℃;酸洗液:氢氟酸0.02g/L,硫酸4g/ L,表面活性剂1g/ L,温度室温; 碱蚀液:氢氧化钠45 g/L,葡萄糖酸钠1 g/L,温度40℃,时间2-3min;出光液:350g/L硝酸溶液,时间2-3min;然后通过电化学的方法在铝材表面形成多孔氧化膜:以铝材为阳极,惰性铅材料为阴极,采用10-20wt.%硫酸水溶液为电解液,电流密度1-2A/dm2,时间30-100min,温度20-30℃,获得阳极氧化膜铝材;将获得的阳极氧化膜铝材于35℃下,使用5-7wt.%磷酸进行扩孔,时间为40-50min,真空干燥;
(2)以步骤(1)处理获得的多孔氧化膜为硬模板,以沥青树脂聚合物为碳源,将碳源多次重复填充于氧化膜孔道内,所述多次重复填充为1-2次;
步骤(2)中沥青树脂聚合物的制备方法如下:将苯甲醛、蒽、浓硫酸装入三口瓶中,使用氮气排空,于135℃持续搅拌条件下获得黑色沥青树脂产物,并使用丙醇反复洗涤、过滤、干燥获得淡黄色粉末固体,将淡黄色粉末溶于四氢呋喃中搅拌30min,然后加入步骤(1)中获得的扩孔后的氧化膜铝材,继续搅拌,并辅助抽真空,所述抽真空的真空度为10-20Pa,填充12-24h,然后旋转蒸发得到淡黄色氧化膜铝材,进一步于氮气氛围下,800℃下碳化4h;
(3)机械打磨步骤(2)获得的材料,机械打磨为抛光轮打磨,用于除去阳极氧化膜多孔层之上的非孔道内碳材;
(4)强酸腐蚀步骤(3)获得的材料,除去硬模板:强酸为15wt.%的H2SO4和10wt.%的HNO3,体积比H2SO4:HNO3 =1:1,在搅拌条件下,于100℃回流处理3 h;
(5)洗涤、干燥,其中所述洗涤为使用去离子水多次洗涤至偏中性后过滤,干燥为60℃下鼓风干燥12 h。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011235059.0A CN112279645B (zh) | 2020-11-08 | 2020-11-08 | 一种碳极材料的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011235059.0A CN112279645B (zh) | 2020-11-08 | 2020-11-08 | 一种碳极材料的制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112279645A CN112279645A (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
CN112279645B true CN112279645B (zh) | 2023-06-09 |
Family
ID=74351279
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202011235059.0A Active CN112279645B (zh) | 2020-11-08 | 2020-11-08 | 一种碳极材料的制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112279645B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115448288B (zh) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-03-01 | 温州赛普克电子科技有限公司 | 一种碳棒电极和制备方法及其应用 |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1632178A (zh) * | 2004-11-05 | 2005-06-29 | 李瓯 | 在铝合金制品上快速制备阳极氧化膜的方法及设备 |
CN1837036A (zh) * | 2006-04-17 | 2006-09-27 | 西北工业大学 | 有序碳纳米管阵列的制备方法 |
CN102173409A (zh) * | 2011-01-04 | 2011-09-07 | 兴和县鑫源碳素有限公司 | 一种石墨碳素材料的生产方法 |
CN103572349A (zh) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-12 | 国家电网公司 | 碳纳米纤维电极材料的制备方法 |
JP2016128595A (ja) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | スズキ株式会社 | アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部材およびその製造方法 |
CN107419311A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-01 | 南通创源电化学科技有限公司 | 一种铸铁件的表面处理方法 |
CN111172575A (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-19 | 王永芝 | 一种经过阳极氧化处理的铝材 |
-
2020
- 2020-11-08 CN CN202011235059.0A patent/CN112279645B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1632178A (zh) * | 2004-11-05 | 2005-06-29 | 李瓯 | 在铝合金制品上快速制备阳极氧化膜的方法及设备 |
CN1837036A (zh) * | 2006-04-17 | 2006-09-27 | 西北工业大学 | 有序碳纳米管阵列的制备方法 |
CN102173409A (zh) * | 2011-01-04 | 2011-09-07 | 兴和县鑫源碳素有限公司 | 一种石墨碳素材料的生产方法 |
CN103572349A (zh) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-12 | 国家电网公司 | 碳纳米纤维电极材料的制备方法 |
JP2016128595A (ja) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-07-14 | スズキ株式会社 | アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部材およびその製造方法 |
CN107419311A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-01 | 南通创源电化学科技有限公司 | 一种铸铁件的表面处理方法 |
CN111172575A (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-05-19 | 王永芝 | 一种经过阳极氧化处理的铝材 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
由脱晶蒽油制备沥青树脂的研究;赵雪飞等;《炭素技术》;第31卷(第5期);第A10-A13页 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112279645A (zh) | 2021-01-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR100669750B1 (ko) | 탄소 나노 튜브가 포함된 중형 다공성 탄소 복합체 | |
CN101876040B (zh) | 一种碳纳米管和硼酸铝晶须混杂增强铝基复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN112279645B (zh) | 一种碳极材料的制备方法 | |
CN105905908A (zh) | 一种基于埃洛石原料制备纳米硅的方法 | |
CN103482625A (zh) | 一种碳化铌和碳化钽电极的制备方法 | |
CN112275273B (zh) | 一种氧化石墨烯-碳棒复合材料 | |
US4552857A (en) | Cathode coating with hydrogen-evolution catalyst and semi-conducting polymer | |
CN114715884B (zh) | Z轴导热增强的石墨烯导热膜的构建方法、石墨烯导热膜及其应用 | |
CN111453725A (zh) | 片层状类石墨烯多孔炭电极材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN112265978B (zh) | 一种纳米棒状碳材 | |
CN114229964B (zh) | 一种以Ti4O7为基底的表面刻蚀和氟化的阳极制备方法及应用 | |
CN112174112B (zh) | 一种纳米棒状碳材的制备方法 | |
CN113089136B (zh) | 一种铂负载氮/硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米纤维材料及其制备和应用 | |
CN111607805B (zh) | 一种高寿阳极材料 | |
CN112397730B (zh) | 一种石墨复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN110055553B (zh) | 一种负载于泡沫过渡金属的合金析氢电极的制备方法 | |
CN112169824B (zh) | 一种复合电极的制备方法 | |
CN114516627A (zh) | 一种软硬碳复合纳米材料的制备方法 | |
CN112376078B (zh) | 一种用于全解水的Co9S8/N-CCA复合电极 | |
CN112169845B (zh) | 一种催化材料的制备方法 | |
CN116693312A (zh) | 一种c/c复合阴极板、组合电极及制备方法和应用 | |
CN117819518A (zh) | 高压实多孔碳材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114214689B (zh) | 低电流密度的双极性脉冲阴极等离子体电沉积陶瓷涂层方法 | |
CN114751489B (zh) | 一种梯度多孔钛基/二氧化铅复合电极及其制备方法 | |
CN114134542B (zh) | 一种多孔钛基碳纳米管增强非晶态金属氧化物涂层电极及制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20230519 Address after: No. 56 Yezhi Road, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 324000 Applicant after: Quzhou Qufarui New Energy Materials Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215000 tiancizhuang campus, Suzhou University, 333 Ganjiang East Road, Gusu District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Applicant before: Zhao Wei |
|
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |