CN112277403B - 一种高强度环保制品的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度环保制品的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112277403B
CN112277403B CN202011049330.1A CN202011049330A CN112277403B CN 112277403 B CN112277403 B CN 112277403B CN 202011049330 A CN202011049330 A CN 202011049330A CN 112277403 B CN112277403 B CN 112277403B
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罗礼发
陈一
张培
廖村元
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Zhengye Package Zhongshan Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高强度环保制品的制备方法，以废弃纸板为主料，并加入植物纤维、静电纺丝聚ε‑己内酯纤维、聚环氧乙烷以及乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，以一定的结构复合形成坯料后，投入模压机低温模压成型而成。

Description

一种高强度环保制品的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及包装领域，特别涉及一种高强度环保制品的制备方法。
背景技术
当前社会随着快递的快速发展，大量的纸盒纸箱被用于快递包装，同时由于其回收再利用技术的不足，导致大量的纸盒包装被随意丢弃，也引起了环境的问题。因此如何高效、科学的利用快递纸包装开发新型的材料是治理快递包装污染的重要途径之一。
另一方面，大量的生活用材以塑料为原料进行开发，而塑料产生了大量的污染和资源消耗，我国高度重视塑料引起的环境问题，于2020年1月和7月先后出台严格的禁塑令，禁止塑料包装制品的使用，而这就对塑料的可降解材料替代品提出了很高的要求。多种生物质可降解基料被用于此领域的开发，如淀粉、植物纤维、生物聚酯如聚乳酸等。综合来看，利用废弃纸板资源实现代塑材料的制备将是一种非常环保、具有应用前景的开发方式，但这也存在很大的技术难度。
纸板由纸纤维组成，其回收后单独作为制品具有很大的难度，一方面植物纤维不溶不熔，其加工流动性非常差，另一方面，如果实现植物纤维的均匀紧密结合以提高制品的强度也是必须解决的问题。
在众多的加工方式中，模压是一种处理纤维最合适的方式，不需要长距离的位移并产生流动过程中的相互团聚，也不会因其与其他物质之间的流动性差别而造成的加工困难，但模压中如果提高纤维的结合强度仍是需要解决的问题。
以往的研究已经提出了多种方案试图解决此问题，如在模压料中加入流动性树脂如聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯等，但这种方式同样存在降解后塑料碎片化引起污染的问题，又如大幅提高压力压实坯料，而这将提高制品的密度，进而提高成本还将影响应用。寻找一种既高强度、又低成本且兼具环保性的模压品制备方式将大幅提高废弃纸板的应用范围和应用价值，具有很大的现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种以废弃纸板为主要原料，具有高纤维含量、高强度特性的的高强度环保制品的制备方法。
一种高强度环保制品的制备方法，高强度环保制品以废弃纸板为主料，并加入植物纤维、静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维、聚环氧乙烷以及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，以一定的结构复合形成坯料后，投入模压机低温模压成型而成；各组分的质量比按以下份数复配：废弃纸板60-80份，植物纤维10-20份，静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维8-14份，聚环氧乙烷2-4份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物2-4份；其制备方法为：
1)将废弃纸板破碎后，并过筛后得到小于400目的废弃纸板纤维，将废弃纸板纤维投入水中配置质量浓度为6-8％的悬浮液，加热至40-55℃后加入纤维素酶，搅拌均匀后静置30-60分钟，后降温至15-25℃，加入漆酶，搅拌均匀后静置30-50分钟，后加热至沸腾保持3-5分钟使酶失活，过滤得到废弃纸板纤维湿料；以纤维的质量为标准，纤维素酶、漆酶的加入量分别介于30-60U/g、100-200U/g之间；
2)将植物纤维投入到破碎机破碎，后以质量浓度介于6-12％之间，温度介于25-35℃的NaOH水溶液浸泡纤维3-6小时，以蒸馏水冲洗纤维至pH值达到7-8之间，干燥纤维至其含水率介于100-150％之间，后投入闪爆器中进行蒸汽闪爆，闪爆器中温度设为60-80℃之间，压力介于3-6MPa之间，经4-6次闪爆后得到植物纤维物料；
3)将废弃纸板纤维湿料、植物纤维物料、聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液共混均匀后，干燥至含水率介于20-40％之间得到物料I，将每次模压用量的物料I均分为3-5等份的长方体物料，每两层之间均匀平铺一层静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维，将物料多层复合后，干燥并将含水率控制在3-6％之间，得到模压坯料；其中聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液的质量浓度分别介于10-20％，40-55％之间；
4)将坯料投入40-55℃模具中，预热5-10分钟后开始压制，压力介于0.5-1.5MPa之间，温度介于70-90℃之间，保压2-4分钟后卸压成型；
5)将成型后的制品置于0-5℃环境下放置30-60分钟速冷，得到最终制品。
优选地，所述长方体物料的厚度介于1-3cm之间。
本发明的高强度环保制品的制备方法的有益效果为：
通过在模压坯料中采用了短、中、长纤维结合的形式，配合少量粘结性的高分子以实现基体的强结合，其中，废弃纸板经过生物酶处理后为短纤维，且经复合酶处理后相互间结合性好，植物纤维经蒸汽闪爆后为中纤维且表面粗糙易于与短纤维结合、静电纺丝纤维为长纤维，三者相互结合，其中短纤维类似填料、中纤维起到连接作用，长纤维则起到骨架作用；其次，两种水溶性大分子起到粘合及结合短纤维的目的，两者在水分干燥后的模压过程中具有一定流动性，起到粘合作用，其中聚环氧乙烷为长程粘合，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物则起到短程粘合效果，最后，在一定厚度两层短、中纤维复合物之间铺层一层静电纺丝长纤维，起到了足够的提升模压品强度的作用，铺层过多则将直接提高成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的高强度环保制品的制备方法的流程图；
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
参照图1提出本发明的高强度环保制品的制备方法的一实施例：
一种以废弃纸板纤维作为主要原料的高强度制品，其制备质量份数如下：
废弃纸板65份
植物纤维16份
静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维12份
聚环氧乙烷3份
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物3.5份
植物纤维为秸秆纤维，纤维破碎后的直径介于10-40μm之间，长径比介于20-50之间。
废弃纸板的原料为瓦楞纸板和箱纸板以9:1的比例结合。
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的分子量介于80000-120000之间，其中的乙烯摩尔含量介于50-55％之间。
高强度环保制品的制备过程如下：
(1)废弃纸板的处理：将废弃纸板破碎并过筛后得到小于400目的废弃纸板纤维，将废弃纸板纤维投入水中配置质量浓度为7％的悬浮液，加热至45℃后加入纤维素酶，搅拌均匀后静置50分钟，后降温至20℃，加入漆酶，搅拌均匀后静置40分钟，加热至沸腾保持4分钟使酶失活，过滤得到废弃纸板纤维湿料；以纤维的质量为标准，纤维素酶、漆酶的加入量分别为45U/g、160U/g；
(2)植物纤维的处理：将植物纤维投入破碎机破碎，以质量浓度为8％，温度为30℃的NaOH水溶液浸泡纤维4小时，以蒸馏水冲洗纤维至pH值达到7.5，后干燥纤维保持其含水率为120％，后将物料投入闪爆器中进行蒸汽闪爆，闪爆器中温度设为70℃，压力为5MPa，经5次闪爆后得到植物纤维物料；
(3)模压坯料的制备：将废弃纸板纤维湿料、植物纤维物料、聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液共混均匀后，干燥至含水率为30％，得到物料I，将每次模压所需坯料用量的物料I均分为4等份的长方体物料，每两层之间均匀平铺一层直径介于20-50μm之间的聚ε-己内酯纤维，聚ε-己内酯纤维在层间均匀网格排布，干燥并将含水率控制为5.5％，得到模压坯料；其中聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液的质量浓度分别为12.5％，50％；
(4)模压成型：将坯料投入50℃模具中，预热8分钟后开始压制，压力为1.2MPa，温度为80℃，保压3分钟后卸压成型；
(5)后处理：将成型后的制品置于1℃环境下放置50分钟速冷，得到最终制品。
所加工的制品制备成标准样条后按塑料测试标准测试的结果为：
拉伸强度 32.6MPa
拉伸模量 0.88GPa
压缩强度 45.4MPa
抗冲强度 7.2KJ/m2
断裂伸长率 86.5％
弯曲强度 32.2MPa
弯曲模量 0.78GPa
密度 1.02Kg/m3
参照图1提出本发明的高强度环保制品的制备方法的另一实施例：
一种以废弃纸板纤维作为主要原料的高强度制品，其制备质量份数如下：
废弃纸板65份
植物纤维18份
静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维10份
聚环氧乙烷2.5份
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物3份
植物纤维为芦苇和亚麻以1:1质量的混合，纤维破碎后的直径介于5-20μm之间，长径比介于20-50之间。
废弃纸板纤维的原料为瓦楞纸板和蜂窝纸板质量比为1:1的混合。
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的分子量介于90000-130000之间，其中的乙烯摩尔含量介于48-52％之间。
该高强度环保制品的制备过程如下：
(1)废弃纸板的处理：将废弃纸板破碎并过筛后得到小于300目的废弃纸板纤维，将废弃纸板纤维投入水中配置质量浓度为6.5％的悬浮液，加热至42℃后加入纤维素酶，搅拌均匀后静置45分钟，后降温至18℃，加入漆酶，搅拌均匀后静置45分钟，加热至沸腾保持4分钟使酶失活，过滤得到废弃纸板纤维湿料；以纤维的质量为标准，纤维素酶、漆酶的加入量分别为55U/g、140U/g；
(2)植物纤维的处理：将植物纤维投入破碎机破碎，后以质量浓度为10％，温度为32℃的NaOH水溶液浸泡纤维5小时，以蒸馏水冲洗纤维至pH值达到7.2，后干燥纤维致其含水率为140％，后将物料投入闪爆器中进行蒸汽闪爆，闪爆器中温度设为75℃，压力介于5.5MPa之间，经5次闪爆后得到植物纤维物料；
(3)模压坯料的制备：将废弃纸板纤维湿料、植物纤维物料、聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液共混均匀后，干燥至含水率为25％，得到物料I将每次模压所需坯料用量的物料I均分为3等份的长方体物料，每两层之间均匀平铺直径介于40-80μm之间的聚ε-己内酯纤维，聚ε-己内酯纤维在层间均匀但无规排布，将物料多层复合后，干燥并将含水率控制在4％，得到模压坯料；其中聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液的质量浓度分别为16.5％，45％；
(4)模压成型：将坯料投入52℃模具中，预热7分钟后开始压制，压力为0.7MPa，温度介于85℃，保压3.5分钟后卸压成型；
(5)后处理：将成型后的制品置于3℃环境下放置40分钟速冷，得到最终制品。
所加工的制品制备成标准样条后按塑料测试标准测试的结果为：
拉伸强度 35.4MPa
拉伸模量 0.87GPa
压缩强度 42.5MPa
抗冲强度 7.2KJ/m2
断裂伸长率 125.4％
弯曲强度 31.4MPa
弯曲模量 0.77GPa
密度 0.98Kg/m3
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (2)

1.一种高强度环保制品的制备方法，其特征在于，高强度环保制品以废弃纸板为主料，并加入植物纤维、静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维、聚环氧乙烷以及乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，以一定的结构复合形成坯料后，投入模压机低温模压成型而成；各组分的质量比按以下份数复配：废弃纸板60-80份，植物纤维10-20份，静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维8-14份，聚环氧乙烷2-4份，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物2-4份；其制备方法为：
1)将废弃纸板破碎后，并过筛后得到小于400目的废弃纸板纤维，将废弃纸板纤维投入水中配置质量浓度为6-8％的悬浮液，加热至40-55℃后加入纤维素酶，搅拌均匀后静置30-60分钟，后降温至15-25℃，加入漆酶，搅拌均匀后静置30-50分钟，后加热至沸腾保持3-5分钟使酶失活，过滤得到废弃纸板纤维湿料；以纤维的质量为标准，纤维素酶、漆酶的加入量分别介于30-60U/g、100-200U/g之间；
2)将植物纤维投入到破碎机破碎，后以质量浓度介于6-12％之间，温度介于25-35℃的NaOH水溶液浸泡纤维3-6小时，以蒸馏水冲洗纤维至pH值达到7-8之间，干燥纤维至其含水率介于100-150％之间，后投入闪爆器中进行蒸汽闪爆，闪爆器中温度设为60-80℃之间，压力介于3-6MPa之间，经4-6次闪爆后得到植物纤维物料；
3)将废弃纸板纤维湿料、植物纤维物料、聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液共混均匀后，干燥至含水率介于20-40％之间得到物料I，将每次模压用量的物料I均分为3-5等份的长方体物料，每两层之间均匀平铺一层静电纺丝聚ε-己内酯纤维，将物料多层复合后，干燥并将含水率控制在3-6％之间，得到模压坯料；其中聚环氧乙烷水溶液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液的质量浓度分别介于10-20％，40-55％之间；
4)将坯料投入40-55℃模具中，预热5-10分钟后开始压制，压力介于0.5-1.5MPa之间，温度介于70-90℃之间，保压2-4分钟后卸压成型；
5)将成型后的制品置于0-5℃环境下放置30-60分钟速冷，得到最终制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度环保制品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述长方体物料的厚度介于1-3cm之间。
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