CN112275828B - Upsetting-drawing deformation method for TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar - Google Patents
Upsetting-drawing deformation method for TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN112275828B CN112275828B CN202011072675.9A CN202011072675A CN112275828B CN 112275828 B CN112275828 B CN 112275828B CN 202011072675 A CN202011072675 A CN 202011072675A CN 112275828 B CN112275828 B CN 112275828B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for upsetting, drawing and deforming a TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar, which comprises the steps of heating a TB6 titanium alloy bar at a beta transformation point for a preset time at 10-40 ℃; upsetting the bar; adopting a forging mode of hexagonal drawing to carry out multi-pass drawing; and chamfering, flatting and rounding. According to the method, by adopting a multi-pass hexagonal drawing mode and controlling the deformation and deformation passes, all parts of the TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar can be uniformly deformed, the deformation dead zone and the overheating of the core are eliminated, and the deformation process from a round bar to a hexagon and then to the round bar is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy material forging processes, and particularly relates to a method for upsetting, drawing and deforming a TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar.
Background
The TB6 titanium alloy is a typical near-beta type titanium alloy with a nominal composition of Ti-10V-2Fe-3 Al. The alloy has the main characteristics of high specific strength, good fracture toughness, low forging temperature and good hardenability, and is widely applied to central parts and connecting pieces of helicopter rotor systems. The TB6 titanium alloy can not be directly used for preparing forgings because of the large crystal grains of the as-cast structure, and the crystal grains of the alloy need to be refined through forging for multiple times. When the titanium alloy bar is forged, the titanium alloy has a small heat transfer coefficient, so that the temperature in the titanium alloy is greatly increased, local overheating is easy to occur, the phenomenon of nonuniform structure and performance is caused, and even beta spots are generated. During the production process, the deformation heat effect is reduced by adopting proper deformation degree and deformation rate, so that the generation of B spots is prevented. When a TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar (not less than 300mm) is forged, repeated upsetting and drawing are needed to ensure the consistency of structure and performance, the bar has a deformation dead zone due to conventional drawing, the non-uniform degree of deformation of different parts of the bar is large, and the center of the bar is easily overheated. The unreasonable forging process can not fully crush the original structure of the bar, the macrostructure of the bar is easy to generate large and uneven grains, and the defects that large blocks or strips are only equal are distributed in the macrostructure. These defects will eventually be inherited into the forging, eventually leading to unacceptable forging texture and performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an upsetting deformation method for a large-size TB6 titanium alloy bar, which can improve the deformation unevenness and the structural property unevenness during forging of the large-size TB6 titanium alloy bar.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a method for upsetting, drawing and deforming a TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: heating the TB6 titanium alloy bar for a preset time at the temperature of 10-40 ℃ below the beta phase transition point;
step two: upsetting and drawing the heated bar, upsetting the bar at the speed of 8-15 mm/s, wherein the speed is higher than 8-15 mm/s, overheating the core of the bar can be caused, the structure is thick, if the speed is lower than the speed, the whole forging process can be prolonged, the final forging temperature is too low, the surface quality of a forged piece is poor, cracks occur and the like;
step three: drawing out a first pass, turning the bar by 90 degrees, enabling the axis of the bar to be parallel to a hammer anvil, starting drawing out a hexagonal shape, forging at a speed of 8-15 mm/s by each hammer, enabling the reduction to be 50-100 mm, turning and rotating the bar along the axis of the bar by 120 degrees after each hammer is pressed, enabling the inside and the outside of a bar blank to be uniformly deformed by adopting a forging mode of drawing out the hexagonal shape, changing the single orientation of original beta grains of a central layer, reducing the tissue difference between the core and the edge of the bar, ensuring the tissue of the core of the bar to be fully crushed by adopting large deformation in the first pass, and refining the grains;
step four: drawing out a second pass, turning the bar by 120 degrees along the axis of the bar to perform forging for the second pass, starting hammering the second pass, forging the bar into two parts, firstly placing the first part on the lower anvil surface, wherein the rolling reduction is 30-50 mm, after the first hammering is finished, placing the rest part of the bar on the lower anvil surface, and downwards pressing by 30-50 mm by using a second hammer; the bar is turned over by 120 degrees along the self axis, the operation of the first hammer and the second hammer in the step is repeated, the bar is turned over by 120 degrees along the self axis, and the operation of the first hammer and the second hammer in the step is repeated; the deformation in the step prevents the inclined hexagon caused by overlarge deformation in the process of hexagonal forging;
step five: drawing out the third pass, and repeating the operation of the fourth step;
drawing out a fourth pass, and repeating the operation of the fourth pass, wherein the deformation of each hammer is 10-40 mm, and as the diameter of the bar material is reduced in the step, the deformation is adjusted to prevent the inclined hexagonal shape caused by overlarge deformation in the process of hexagonal forging;
step seven: chamfering, namely, turning the bar by 60 degrees along the axis of the bar, wherein the rolling reduction is 5-30 mm each time the bar is turned;
step eight: flat head, rotating the bar by 90 degrees, upsetting the protruding parts at the two ends of the bar, and rotating the bar by 90 degrees to return to the position before the flat head;
step nine: and (3) rounding, namely, turning the bar by 30 degrees along the axis of the bar, and pressing down the bar by 0-10 mm every time of turning, wherein the small deformation can ensure the surface quality and the size precision of the bar.
The diameter of the TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar is 300-400 mm, and preferably 320-380 mm.
Wherein the preset time in the first step is calculated according to 0.8-1.0 min/mm multiplied by D mm, and D is the diameter of the bar.
Wherein the heating temperature in the first step is 40 ℃ below the beta transformation point, and under the temperature, the deformation of each part of the bar is uniform, and the effect of eliminating the deformation dead zone and the overheating of the core part is optimal.
The method can also comprise the step of preheating the forging machine before upsetting and drawing the heated bar, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃.
And upsetting the bar in the second step to upset the bar to 45-60% of the original height.
The first part of the rod in the fourth step is 1/2-2/3 of the rod.
According to the method, by adopting a multi-pass hexagonal drawing mode and controlling the deformation and deformation passes, all parts of the TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar can be uniformly deformed, the deformation dead zone and the overheating of the core are eliminated, and the deformation process from a round bar to a hexagon and then to the round bar is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the flow of the method for upsetting, drawing and deforming large-size bars of TB6 titanium alloy.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
FIG. 1 illustrates the flow of the upsetting-drawing deformation method of the TB6 large-size titanium alloy bar. The diameter of the TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar is more than or equal to 300mm, generally 300-400 mm, in the embodiment, the forging equipment is a 2000T quick forging machine, the width of an upper hammer head and a lower flat anvil is 450mm, the radius of a fillet of the flat anvil is 30mm, and the length of the fillet is 1200 mm. The rod is a round billet with the diameter D equal to 360 mm. As shown, the method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) heating the bar material with the diameter of 360mm multiplied by 570mm in an electric heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature is 780 ℃, and the heating time is calculated according to (0.8-1.0) min/mm multiplied by D mm, in the example, 290 min.
Step two: upsetting, discharging the bar material from the furnace by a discharging machine, upsetting the bar material on a preheated 2000-ton quick forging machine, upsetting the bar material to a height of 45-60% of the original height H of the bar material at a speed of 8-15 mm/s, specifically 10mm/s in the present embodiment, 50% in the present embodiment, that is, 285mm, and preheating temperature of the 2000-ton quick forging machine is 200-300 ℃.
Step three: drawing out a first pass, turning the bar by 90 degrees, enabling the axis of the bar to be parallel to a hammer anvil, adopting a forging mode of hexagonal drawing out, enabling the inside and outside of a bar blank to be uniformly deformed, changing the single orientation of the original beta crystal grains of a central layer, reducing the tissue difference between the core and the edge of the bar, enabling the forging speed to be 8-15 mm/s (specifically 10mm/s in the embodiment), fully hammering and pressing down for the first pass, wherein the pressing down amount of each hammer is 100mm, after the first hammer is finished, the bar rotates 120 degrees along the axis of the bar in a turning way, pressing a second hammer, the pressing down amount is 100mm, rotates 120 degrees along the axis of the bar in a turning way, pressing a third hammer, and the pressing down amount is 100 mm. The large deformation is carried out in the first time in order to ensure that the structure of the core part of the bar is fully crushed and the crystal grains are refined.
Step four: drawing out a second pass, turning the bar by 120 degrees along the axis of the bar to perform second pass forging, dividing a hammer in the second pass, placing 2/3 of the bar on a lower anvil surface, wherein the reduction is 40mm, after the first hammer is finished, placing the rest 1/3 of the bar on the lower anvil surface, and pressing the second hammer by 40 mm; turning the bar material by 120 degrees along the self axis, repeating the operation of the first hammer and the second hammer in the step, turning the bar material by 120 degrees along the self axis, and repeating the operation of the first hammer and the second hammer in the step; the deformation in the step can prevent the inclined hexagon caused by overlarge deformation in the process of hexagonal forging.
Step five: and (4) drawing for the third pass, and repeating the operation of the fourth step, wherein the reduction per hammer is 30 mm.
Step six: and (4) drawing for a fourth pass, and repeating the operation of the fourth step, wherein the reduction per hammer is 20 mm.
Step seven: chamfering, namely, the bar is turned over by 60 degrees along the axis of the bar, the single rolling reduction is 30mm, and the bar is rotated for 6 times after being rotated by 60 degrees and pressed by 30 mm.
Step eight: and (4) flat-heading, namely rotating the bar by 90 degrees, upsetting the protruding parts at the two ends of the bar, and rotating the bar by 90 degrees to return to the position before the flat-heading.
Step nine: and (3) rounding, namely, turning the bar material along the axis of the bar material by 30 degrees, rounding by 8mm in a single time, and rounding by 12 times after 30 degrees of rotation and 8mm of reduction. The small deformation of the step can ensure the surface quality and the size precision of the bar.
According to the method for upsetting-drawing deformation of the TB6 titanium alloy bar, by adopting a multi-pass hexagonal drawing mode, all parts of the bar can be uniformly deformed, and a deformation dead zone and overheating of a core part are eliminated. In addition, the deformation process from the round rod to the hexagon and then to the round rod is realized through chamfering, flat head and rounding.
Claims (8)
1. A method for upsetting, drawing and deforming a TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: heating the TB6 titanium alloy bar for a preset time at the temperature of 10-40 ℃ below the beta phase transition point;
step two: upsetting and drawing the heated bar, and upsetting the bar at the speed of 8-15 mm/s;
step three: drawing out a first pass, turning the bar by 90 degrees, enabling the axis of the bar to be parallel to the hammer anvil, starting drawing out a hexagon, forging at a speed of 8-15 mm/s per hammer, and turning and rotating the bar by 120 degrees along the axis of the bar after pressing one hammer, wherein the rolling reduction is 50-100 mm;
step four: drawing out a second pass, turning the bar by 120 degrees along the axis of the bar to perform forging for the second pass, performing hammer forging on the bar in two parts in the second pass, wherein the rolling reduction of the first part is 30-50 mm, and performing second hammer on the rest part of the bar after the first hammer is finished, wherein the rolling reduction is 30-50 mm; the bar is turned over by 120 degrees along the axis of the bar, and the operation of the first hammer and the second hammer in the step is repeated; the bar is turned over by 120 degrees along the axis of the bar, and the operation of the first hammer and the second hammer in the step is repeated;
step five: drawing out the third pass, and repeating the operation of the fourth step;
sixthly, drawing out a fourth pass, and repeating the operation of the fourth pass, wherein the deformation of each hammer is 10-40 mm;
step seven: chamfering, namely, turning the bar by 60 degrees along the axis of the bar, wherein the rolling reduction is 5-30 mm each time the bar is turned;
step eight: flat head, rotating the bar by 90 degrees, upsetting the protruding parts at the two ends of the bar, and rotating the bar by 90 degrees to return to the position before the flat head;
step nine: and (3) rounding, namely turning the bar material by 30 degrees along the axis of the bar material, and pressing down the bar material by 0-10 mm every time the bar material is turned.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the TB6 titanium alloy large-size bar has a diameter of 300-400 mm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined time in the first step is calculated as 0.8 to 1.0min/mm x D mm, D being the diameter of the rod.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in step one is 40 ℃ below the β -transus point.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising preheating the forging machine prior to upsetting the heated rod.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the preheating temperature for preheating the forging machine is 200 to 300 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said upsetting of the rod in step two is to upset the rod to 45-60% of its original height.
8. The process of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the rod in step four is 1/2-2/3 of the rod.
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| CN114798999B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-05-09 | 宁夏中色金航钛业有限公司 | Fine-grain high-strength plastic Ti80G forging and preparation method thereof |
| CN115156451A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-10-11 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for uniform deformation of structure of large-size titanium alloy bar |
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