CN112275304A - Carbon-supported cobalt carbide catalyst containing auxiliary agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Carbon-supported cobalt carbide catalyst containing auxiliary agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN112275304A
CN112275304A CN202011236010.7A CN202011236010A CN112275304A CN 112275304 A CN112275304 A CN 112275304A CN 202011236010 A CN202011236010 A CN 202011236010A CN 112275304 A CN112275304 A CN 112275304A
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catalyst
carbon
auxiliary agent
alcohol
synthesis gas
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裴彦鹏
苏璇
姜娜
李文娟
胡佶雅
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University of Jinan
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/20Carbon compounds
    • B01J27/22Carbides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201Impregnation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/153Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
    • C07C29/156Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing iron group metals, platinum group metals or compounds thereof
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

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Abstract

The invention relates to an assistant-assisted carbon-supported cobalt (Co) carbide2C @ C) catalyst, preparation method thereof and application thereof in preparing low-carbon mixed alcohol from synthesis gas belong to the field of energy and chemical industry. Co disclosed in patent 201610472098X2C @ C material is taken as a precursor, salts of Ce, Mo or Zr are respectively introduced as auxiliary agent sources by using an excess volume impregnation method, and Co containing Ce, Mo or Zr metal oxide auxiliary agent is obtained by drying and roasting2C @ C catalyst in which a metal promoter element is present with Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06-0.12. The invention utilizesCo2Co on C @ C precursor2The C active site has high density and uniform distribution, and the addition of the auxiliary agent realizes the addition of the auxiliary agent and Co2The active components C are contacted with each other, so that the auxiliary effect of the auxiliary agent can be exerted, and the reaction performance of the catalyst is improved. When the catalyst is used for preparing low-carbon alcohol from synthesis gas, the content of methanol is low, the distribution of the alcohol is narrow, and the space-time yield of the alcohol is high.

Description

Carbon-supported cobalt carbide catalyst containing auxiliary agent and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a catalytic technology for preparing chemicals by converting synthesis gas, belonging to the field of energy and chemical industry. In particular to a catalyst for preparing low-carbon mixed alcohol by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas and a preparation method thereof. More particularly, it relates to a metal oxide adjuvant-assisted Co2Preparation of C @ C catalyst and application of C @ C catalyst in preparation of low-carbon mixed alcohol from synthesis gas, wherein Co is2The C @ C material is the main part of the catalyst, and the oxides of Ce, Mo or Zr are the auxiliary part of the catalyst.
Background
The total amount of global oil resources is gradually reduced along with the exploitation and use of human beings, but alternative energy sources such as hydrogen energy sources and biomass energy sources are not enough to be applied in a large scale, and as the transition of the oil resources and the new energy sources, the future energy source structure is mainly changed from coal and natural gas. From the perspective of effective utilization of resources, the research of coal or natural gas through synthesis of low-carbon mixed alcohol by a synthesis gas intermediate system has broad prospects. It shows that human beings can realize the substitution of petroleum resources through non-petroleum resources, such as coal, natural gas and the like, and has practical significance for countries or regions lacking the petroleum resources. The lower mixed alcohol (short for lower alcohol) is C1~C6The liquid mixture formed by mixing the linear primary alcohols can be used for replacing fuels, clean gasoline additives or bulk chemicals and chemical raw materials. The study of direct synthesis of lower alcohols from synthesis gas began in the 20 th 19 th century. The two petroleum crises in the 70 s of the 20 th century greatly enhance the consciousness of energy safety and environmental protection, so that the research on the preparation of low-carbon alcohol by using coal and natural gas as raw materials through synthetic gas enters the active period. Since the beginning of the 20 th century, researchers developed a number of different synthetic lower alcohol catalyst systems, including mainly: (1) modified high-temperature methanol synthesis catalyst prepared from ZnO/Cr2O3Adding alkaline auxiliary agent (such as Cs, K) for modification. The main products of the catalyst are methanol and branched chain isobutanol, and the reaction conditions are harsh (the pressure is 14-20 MPa, and the temperature is 350-450 DEG)oC) In that respect (2) Modified low-temperature methanol synthesis catalystAgents, i.e. Cu/ZnO/Al2O or Cu/ZnO/Cr2O3. The reaction condition of the catalyst is mild, but the active component Cu is easy to sinter, and the methanol content in the product is high. The selectivity of lower alcohols in the reaction product can also be improved by adding alkaline assistants (such as Cs and K) into the catalyst for modification. See related patents EP-0034338-A2, US Patent 4513100, etc. (3) A Cu-Co catalyst. The French Petroleum Institute (IFP) first developed Cu-Co coprecipitation low-carbon alcohol catalyst, and several patents (US Patent 4122110, 4291126) have been obtained, the operation conditions of the catalyst are mild, the main products are straight-chain normal alcohol, the reaction activity and C2+The selectivity to alcohol is higher, but the overall alcohol selectivity is lower and the product has more water. (4) A molybdenum-based catalyst system. A typical molybdenum-based catalyst can be found in US Patent 4882360. The molybdenum-based catalyst generally has unique sulfur resistance, is not easy to deposit carbon, has low water content of the product, can be optimized by adding an alkali metal auxiliary agent and other metal components, and can ensure that C is not easily deposited2+The proportion of alcohol and methanol is reasonable, but the catalytic system has strict requirements on the proportion of synthesis gas, and the cobalt as an auxiliary agent is easy to form cobalt carbonyl with carbon monoxide to cause cobalt loss. (5) Co2And C, catalyst system. In recent years, Co has been used2The synthesis mixed alcohol catalyst with C as the active center is widely concerned. Chinese patent CN 105582970A reports a SiO2Or Al2O3Loaded Co2C, although the distribution of methanol in the total alcohol of the catalyst system is reduced compared with that of the 4 systems, the associated alcohol with the carbon chain length of more than 6 carbon atoms causes the separation of the alcohol to be difficult. Chinese patent 201710333446.X reports an embedded SiO2Co of structural assistants2C @ C catalyst. The catalyst system can enable the selectivity of low-carbon alcohol to reach about 50%, particularly the space-time yield of total alcohol reaches 0.2-0.36 g of alcohol/h/g of catalyst, but the selectivity of methanol is larger.
In the above patent technologies for preparing low-carbon alcohol by using synthesis gas as a raw material, the space-time yield of total alcohol is generally between 0.2-0.6 g of alcohol/h/mL of catalyst, and the selectivity of methanol is generally high, so the prior art shows that the development or improvement of a catalyst system for synthesizing alcohol is still needed at present, the performance of the catalyst is improved, and particularly, the specific gravity of methanol is reduced while the distribution of alcohol is controlled and the space-time yield of low-carbon alcohol is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a catalyst for preparing low-carbon alcohol from synthesis gas and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is carbon-supported cobalt carbide (Co) disclosed in patent 201610472098.X2C @ C) as precursor material, making use of Co in such material2The C particles are densely and uniformly distributed, and the addition of the metal oxide auxiliary agent can generate the auxiliary agent and Co2The close contact and interaction of the C particles causes a modulating effect of the adjuvant. The catalyst prepared by the invention has higher activity and selectivity of low-carbon alcohol when being used for preparing the low-carbon alcohol by using synthesis gas, and has low methanol distribution and higher space-time yield of total alcohol.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a catalyst for preparing low-carbon mixed alcohol from synthetic gas is Co disclosed in Chinese patent 201672098. X2C @ C is a precursor material, oxides of Ce, Mo or Zr are taken as an auxiliary agent, wherein the addition amount of the auxiliary agent is determined according to auxiliary agent elements and Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06-0.12.
The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: (1) preparing an impregnation solution, wherein the impregnation solution contains an auxiliary agent source of Ce, Mo or Zr (the concentration is 6-12 g/L in terms of metal elements); (2) co preparation method according to Chinese patent 201610472098.X2C @ C material; (3) adopting an excess volume impregnation method to impregnate the material in the step (2) by using the impregnation liquid obtained in the step (1) in proportion, then drying and roasting to obtain Co containing an auxiliary agent2C @ C catalyst.
Preferably, the assistant source of Ce, Mo or Zr in step (1) is one of cerium nitrate, cerium acetate, molybdenum nitrate, ammonium heptamolybdate and zirconium nitrate.
Preferably, the drying in the step (3) is 80-100%oAnd C, drying in the air for 6-12 hours.
Preferably, the roasting in step (3) is carried out by heating to 2 ℃ in an air atmosphere00~250 oAnd C, roasting.
A catalyst for preparing low-carbon mixed alcohol by catalytic conversion of synthetic gas is used in the reaction of preparing low-carbon mixed alcohol by using synthetic gas as raw material, and H is preferably controlled by the application2The volume ratio of the carbon dioxide to the CO is 1-2, and the reaction temperature is 290-310oAnd C, the reaction pressure is 2.9-3.5 MPa, and the total reaction space velocity is 20-30L/h/g-catalyst.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: co for preparing low-carbon alcohol by using synthesis gas2C @ C catalytic material [201710333446.X]The precursor is added with metal oxide auxiliary agent, thereby playing the promoting role of the auxiliary agent and further improving Co2The performance of the C @ C material for preparing mixed alcohol by catalytic synthesis gas conversion is particularly low in methanol content in a product and high in space-time yield of total alcohol.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples for better understanding of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Co for catalyst2C-nM @ C, where:
m represents an auxiliary element;
n represents an auxiliary element and Co2Mass ratio of C @ C material/100.
Example 1
Reaction product of Ce (NO)3•6H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Ce element is 6 g/L, and then dissolving Co in the impregnation solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating the alloy with Ce element and Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is put in an oven for 80oC drying for 4h, then 200oC roasting for 4h to obtain Co2C-6Ce @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed at a space velocity of 20L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.5MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 310 ℃ at a temperature rising rate of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 2
Reaction product of Ce (NO)3•6H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Ce element is 9 g/L, and then dissolving Co in the impregnation solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating the alloy with Ce element and Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.09, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is put into an oven 100oC drying for 4h, and then 220 goC is roasted for 2h to obtain Co2C-9Ce @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed through at a space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.0MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 300 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 3
Adding Ce (CH)3COO)3Dissolving in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Ce element is 12 g/L, and then adding Co2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating the alloy with Ce element and Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.12, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is put in an oven for 80oC drying for 4h, then 250oC is roasted for 2h to obtain Co2C-12Ce @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed through at a space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 2.9MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 290 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 4
Mo (NO)3)3•5H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Mo element is 6 g/L, and then dissolving Co in the impregnation solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating Mo element with Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is put in an oven for 80oC drying for 6h, then 200oC roasting for 4h to obtain Co2A C-6Mo @ C catalyst;
the catalyst of this example was placed inSynthetic gas (H) with the space velocity of 20L/H/g-catalyst is introduced into a fixed bed stainless steel reactor2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.5MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 310 ℃ at a temperature rising rate of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 5
Mo (NO)3)3•5H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Mo is 9 g/L, and then dissolving Co in the impregnation solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating Mo element with Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is placed in an oven for 90 hoC drying for 6h, then 230oC is roasted for 2h to obtain Co2A C-9Mo @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed at a space velocity of 20L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.0MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 300 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 6
Will be (NH)4)6Mo7O24•4H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Mo is 12 g/L, and then dissolving Co in the impregnation solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating Mo and Co therein2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.12, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is put into an oven 100oC drying for 4h, then 200oC roasting for 4h to obtain Co2A C-12Mo @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed through at a space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 2.9MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 290 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 7
Zr (NO)4•5H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Zr element6 g/L, after which Co is added2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating it with Zr and Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is put into an oven 100oC drying for 6h, then 210oC roasting for 4h to obtain Co2C-6Zr @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed through at a space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.0MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 300 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 8
Zr (NO)4•5H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Zr is 9 g/L, and then dissolving Co in deionized water to obtain a solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating Zr element with Co2Standing the C @ C material for 0.5h at room temperature according to the mass ratio of 0.09, and then placing the material in an oven for 80oC drying for 6h, then 200oC is roasted for 6 hours to obtain Co2C-9Zr @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed through at a space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.5MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 290 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Example 9
Zr (NO)4•5H2Dissolving O in deionized water to obtain an impregnation solution, wherein the mass concentration of Zr is 12 g/L, and then dissolving Co in the impregnation solution2C @ C material [201610472098.X]Impregnating Zr element with Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.12, the mixture is kept stand for 0.5h at room temperature and then is placed in an oven for 90 hoC drying for 6h, then 200oC is roasted for 6 hours to obtain Co2A C-12Zr @ C catalyst;
the catalyst was placed in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor and synthesis gas (H) was passed through at a space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 2.9MPa and 5 is addedoC/min rate of temperature riseThe temperature is raised to 310 DEG CoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Comparative example 1
According to the patent [201610472098.X]The provided method is used for preparing Co2C @ C material, then placing the material in a fixed bed stainless steel reactor, and introducing synthesis gas (H) with space velocity of 30L/H/g-catalyst2Volume ratio of CO is 2), the pressure is increased to 3.0MPa and 5 is addedoThe temperature rises to 300 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of C/minoC, carrying out the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from the synthesis gas, and obtaining the result shown in the following table 1.
Table 1 results of reaction of synthesis gas to lower alcohols on the catalysts of examples 1 to 9 and comparative example 1.
Figure 748699DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from Table 1, Co assisted with an oxide adjuvant of Ce, Mo or Zr is used in the examples2The C @ C catalyst showed an improvement in performance over the comparative example in that the selectivity to methanol could be further reduced and C2-C6The selectivity of the alcohol can be further improved, in particular the space-time yield of the total alcohol is generally increased, and better results of more than 350 kg/h/kg-catalyst are realized, which shows that the catalyst provided by the invention is mainly derived from the preparation method provided by the invention.

Claims (6)

1. The carbon-supported cobalt carbide catalyst assisted by the auxiliary agent for preparing the low-carbon mixed alcohol from the synthesis gas is characterized in that: carbon-supported cobalt carbide material (Co) disclosed in patent No. 201610472098.X2C @ C) is a precursor material, an additive source is introduced onto the precursor by adopting an excess impregnation method, standing is carried out in the impregnation process, and then drying and roasting are carried out to obtain Co containing metal oxide additives2C @ C catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the catalyst for preparing the low-carbon mixed alcohol from the synthesis gas, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the assistant source is one of cerium nitrate, cerium acetate, molybdenum nitrate, ammonium heptamolybdate and zirconium nitrate(ii) a The introduction amount of the auxiliary agent is determined by the auxiliary agent element and Co2The mass ratio of the C @ C material is 0.06-0.12.
3. The preparation method of the catalyst for preparing the low-carbon mixed alcohol from the synthesis gas, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the drying is oven drying or vacuum drying, and the drying temperature is 80-100 DEG CoAnd C, drying for 4-6 h.
4. The preparation method of the catalyst for preparing the low-carbon mixed alcohol from the synthesis gas, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the roasting temperature is 200-250 DEG CoC, roasting for 2-4 h to obtain Co containing Ce, Mo or Zr metal oxide as an auxiliary agent2C @ C catalyst.
5. The catalyst prepared by the preparation method of claim 1 is applied to the reaction of preparing low-carbon alcohol from synthesis gas.
6. Use according to claim 5, wherein H is syngas2The volume ratio of the carbon dioxide to the CO is 1-2, and the reaction temperature is 290-310oAnd C, the reaction pressure is 2.9-3.5 MPa, and the total reaction space velocity is 20-30L/h/g-catalyst.
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