CN112275030B - Composite filtering material based on elastic non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite filtering material based on elastic non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C3/00—Stretching, tentering or spreading textile fabrics; Producing elasticity in textile fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06C—FINISHING, DRESSING, TENTERING OR STRETCHING TEXTILE FABRICS
- D06C7/00—Heating or cooling textile fabrics
- D06C7/02—Setting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of filter materials, in particular to a composite filter material based on elastic non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite filter material is formed by taking an elastic non-woven fabric layer subjected to pre-drafting as a base material and then compounding an electrospun nanofiber membrane layer on the surface of the base material, after the elastic non-woven fabric layer retracts, the nanofiber membrane layer forms a folded nanofiber net structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric layer, the pre-drafting multiple of the elastic non-woven fabric layer is 0.1-10, the filter efficiency of the obtained composite filter material is greater than or equal to 95, and the airflow resistance is less than or equal to 200Pa. The double-layer structure composite filter material can realize the filtration of ultrafine particles in the air, achieves high filtration efficiency and long service life under the condition of low resistance, has good permeability and is not easy to break, has obvious high-performance advantage compared with the traditional product, has simple preparation method, and is worthy of wide popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of filter materials, in particular to a composite filter material based on elastic non-woven fabric and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous promotion of the industrialization process of China, the problem of environmental pollution is increasingly prominent, and particularly the problem of air pollution influences the life and health of people. The outstanding environmental problem makes people strengthen gradually to air pollution's protection consciousness, and air purifier and particulate matter protective facial mask's application is extensive day by day, and the novel efficient air filtering material of research and development becomes the focus of current scientific research concern.
The fiber material has the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, strong adsorption capacity, low production cost and the like, so that the fiber material is widely applied to air filtration. However, although the existing fiber air filter material has the advantages compared with other materials, the problems of fiber diameter, porosity and the like of the existing fiber air filter material still limit the further development of the existing fiber air filter material. The current fiber filtering material still has the problems of heavy material, single stacking structure, difficulty in synchronous optimization of filtering efficiency and air resistance and the like.
Although the nano fiber web and the non-woven material are compounded in the prior art, the traditional non-woven material has a simple production process and low production cost, but the structure of the non-woven material is limited to a certain extent, the mechanical strength is lower than that of the woven material, and the oblique shearing recovery performance is poor. Therefore, the filter material is deformed irreversibly by long-term pressurization, and finally the filter material is cracked.
The elastic non-woven material has an elongation of over 60 under the action of a certain stretching external force, and can automatically recover 55% of the original elongation after the external force is removed. Compared with common non-woven materials, the elastic non-woven material has self-superior special functions, and is a product of new raw materials, new processes and new technology of the non-woven materials. The filter materials developed at present are mainly nonwoven fabrics such as needle punched fabrics, spunlaced fabrics, spun-bonded fabrics and the like. The electrostatic spinning superfine fiber web has a compact structure, a relatively large specific surface area and high filtering efficiency on fine particles, so that the electrostatic spinning technology gradually draws attention in the filtering field. However, the mechanical strength of electrospun superfine webs is relatively low and is difficult to withstand the pressure generated when high flow rates of gas are passed through.
In recent years, elastic nonwoven fabrics have been studied, but the elastic nonwoven fabrics manufactured by the traditional process are formed by adding a layer of wrinkle film between two layers of common spun-bonded nonwoven fabrics so as to achieve the purpose of elasticity. However, the traditional production process is complicated, the cost is high, the practicability is poor, and the market demand cannot be met by mass production.
Patent CN 109621749A discloses a double-layer film-coated non-woven fabric air filtering material. It mainly comprises four parts: polytetrafluoroethylene film layer, hot air non-woven fabric layer, polytetrafluoroethylene film layer, polyester non-woven fabric layer. Glue is applied to the surface of the polyester non-woven fabric layer and is adhered with the polytetrafluoroethylene film to be used as a base material, and the base material, the hot air non-woven fabric layer and the polytetrafluoroethylene film layer are stretched, drawn and rolled by a pressing roller to form the double-layer film-coated non-woven fabric air filtering material. Although the patent improves the filtering performance by combining the non-woven fabric with the fibrous membrane, the air permeability is also effectively improved. However, the surface of the polyester non-woven fabric layer and the polytetrafluoroethylene film are bonded together one to one, so that the practical filtering area is relatively small, and the filtering performance is relatively poor.
Patent CN 107497181A discloses a melt-blown fiber/nanofiber/glass fiber composite filter material and its preparation. The melt-blown fiber/nanofiber/glass fiber composite filter material comprises a glass fiber base material, a nanofiber layer and a melt-blown fiber covering layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein a fusion point formed by a solvent electrostatic spraying technology is arranged on the upper surface of the nanofiber layer, and the melt-blown fiber covering layer is bonded on the nanofiber layer by means of the fusion point by a thermal bonding composite method. Although the filtration efficiency of the filter material for particles with the particle size of 0.01-10 mu m is more than or equal to 95 percent and the resistance pressure drop is less than or equal to 70Pa, the filter material has poor flexibility and is easy to break when stretched, and is not suitable for the technical field with high requirement on flexibility.
Therefore, a novel composite filter material with high elasticity, high filtration efficiency, low resistance and long service life is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric and the preparation method thereof, wherein the composite filter material has the advantages of effectively improved filtering efficiency, low resistance, good flexibility, long service life and low production cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: the composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric is formed by taking an elastic non-woven fabric layer subjected to pre-drafting as a base material and then compounding an electrospun nanofiber membrane layer on the surface of the base material, wherein after the elastic non-woven fabric layer retracts, the nanofiber membrane layer forms a folded nanofiber net structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric layer, the pre-drafting multiple of the elastic non-woven fabric layer is 0.1-1, the filter efficiency of the composite filter material is not less than 95, and the airflow resistance is not more than 200Pa.
In the composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric, the elastic non-woven fabric layer is made of the elastic non-woven fabric, and the elastic non-woven fabric is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 0-50% of polypropylene; 0-10% of slipping agent; the rest is thermoplastic elastomer, the raw materials are mixed to form a mixture, the melt index of the mixture is controlled to be 55-1500g/10min (at 230 ℃ and under the condition of 2.16 kg), and the gram weight of the non-woven fabric is 10-200g/m 2 The fiber diameter is 0.5-30um, the elongation is 50-1000%, and the elastic recovery is 55-95%.
The composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer comprises styrene block copolymer, polyurethane, vinyl acetate and olefin copolymer; the slipping agent comprises one or more of erucamide, oleamide and polyethylene wax.
The composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric comprises the elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric, the elastic melt-blown non-woven fabric, the elastic spun-bonded melt-blown composite fabric, the elastic spunlaced non-woven fabric and the elastic needle-punched non-woven fabric.
The composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric is characterized in that the elastic non-woven fabric is elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric, and the percentages of the thermoplastic elastomer and the polypropylene in the mixture are 90:10.
in the composite filter material based on the elastic nonwoven fabric, the elastic nonwoven fabric is elastic melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and the percentages of the thermoplastic elastomer and the polypropylene in the mixture are 95:5.
a method of making an elastic nonwoven based composite filter material comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-drafting: firstly, pre-drafting the elastic non-woven fabric according to a certain multiple to obtain a drafted elastic non-woven fabric, wherein the pre-drafting multiple is 0.1-10 times, and the pre-drafting direction can be one-way drafting, orthogonal two-way drafting or multidirectional drafting;
(2) And covering the nanofiber membrane: covering a layer of nanofiber membrane on the drawn elastic non-woven fabric obtained in the step (1) to form a composite base fabric;
(3) And heat setting treatment: carrying out heat setting treatment on the composite base cloth obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat setting temperature is set to be 5-20 ℃ higher than the melting point of a lower material in the composite base cloth, and the heat setting time is 0.5-3min;
(4) And pre-drafting release: and (3) removing the pre-drafting state of the composite base fabric after the heat setting treatment to obtain the composite filter material.
In the preparation method of the composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric, in the step (2), the nanofiber membrane is prepared from nanofibers obtained by electrostatic spinning, and the diameters of the nanofibers are 5-800nm.
In the preparation method of the composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric, the material of the nano-fiber comprises one or more of polypropylene, polyester, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyurethane, styrene block copolymer, vinyl acetate and chitosan.
In the step (4), after the composite base fabric subjected to heat setting treatment retracts, the nanofiber membrane forms a layer of folded structure on the surface of the elastic nonwoven fabric.
The composite filtering material based on the elastic non-woven fabric and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the elastic non-woven fabric is firstly drafted in advance, the surface of the drafted elastic non-woven fabric is covered with the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane layer, and after the elastic non-woven fabric retracts, the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane layer forms a folded nanofiber net structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric, so that the area of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane layer on the elastic non-woven fabric in unit area is greatly increased, and the composite filter material prepared by the invention is combined with the advantages of a compact structure of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane, large specific surface area, good air permeability and the like, so that the filtration efficiency is greatly improved, the resistance is small, and the air permeability is good. And through adopting the elastic non-woven fabric with good elasticity, after the elastic non-woven fabric is drafted at a high multiple, the area of the electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane layer on the elastic non-woven fabric per unit area and the folding number of the nanofiber membrane layer can be further improved, the diameter is small, the porosity is high, the permeation and diffusion of airflow among fibers are effectively promoted, the air resistance of the material is greatly reduced, the filtering efficiency is further improved, and the elastic non-woven fabric is good in elasticity, not easy to break and long in service life.
The preparation method of the composite filter material is simple, low in cost and high in efficiency. The double-layer structure composite filter material can realize the filtration of ultrafine particles in the air, achieves high filtration efficiency and long service life under the condition of low resistance, has good permeability, is not easy to break, has obvious high-performance advantage compared with the traditional product, and is worthy of wide popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrostatic spinning structure of a composite filter material according to example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite filter material of a conventional nonwoven fabric in an undrawn state;
FIG. 3 is an electron microscope photograph of the inelastic nonwoven fabric composite electrostatic spinning layer magnified 100 times;
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the inelastic nonwoven fabric composite electrospun layer magnified 500 times.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments;
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the composite filter material based on the elastic non-woven fabric is formed by taking an elastic non-woven fabric layer 1 subjected to pre-drafting as a base material and then compounding an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane layer 2 on the surface of the base material, after the elastic non-woven fabric layer 1 retracts, the nanofiber membrane layer 2 forms a folded nanofiber net structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric layer 1, the pre-drafting multiple of the elastic non-woven fabric layer is 0.1-10, the filter efficiency of the composite filter material is not less than 95, and the airflow resistance is not more than 200Pa.
Wherein the elastic non-woven fabric layer is made of elastic non-woven fabric which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weightThe preparation method comprises the following steps: 0-50% of polypropylene; 0-10% of slipping agent; mixing the rest of thermoplastic elastomer to obtain mixture, controlling melt index of the mixture at 55-1500g/10min (at 230 deg.C and 2.16 kg), and controlling gram weight of the nonwoven fabric at 10-200g/m 2 The fiber diameter is 0.5-30um, the elongation is 50-1000%, and the elastic recovery is 55-95%.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the elastic nonwoven fabric is an elastic melt-blown nonwoven fabric, and the elastic melt-blown nonwoven fabric is prepared from the following raw materials: styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), PP and erucamide, and the raw materials are mixed to form a mixture. Wherein the percentage of the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) to the PP is 95 percent, and the addition amount of the erucamide accounts for 5 percent of the mixture; controlling the melt index of the mixture to be 300g/10min (at 230 ℃ and 2.16 kg), and the gram weight of the prepared non-woven fabric to be 67g/m 2 The fiber fineness is 1.23-9.12um, the MD elongation is 705-834%, the CD elongation is 653-722%, and when the fiber is stretched for 100%, the elastic recovery rate of the MD is 85-90% and the elastic recovery rate of the CD is 83-89%.
Further, the preparation method of the elastic melt-blown non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the mixture into a feeding hopper of a mixer in proportion, heating and melting, extruding strips and granulating; wherein the melting temperature is 170 ℃.
(2) And (2) melting the granules obtained in the step (1) at a high temperature in a screw extruder at 210 ℃ to form a polymer melt, filtering, metering, extruding the polymer melt from a spinneret orifice of 0.25mm, collecting the polymer melt on a condensing screen or a roller under the drawing of high-speed hot air flow at two sides, and thermally bonding by self waste heat or a roller to obtain the elastic melt-blown non-woven fabric.
Wherein the temperature of each zone of the screw extruder is 180, 240, 260 and 286, the die head temperature is 255 ℃, the hot air temperature is 270 ℃, and the hot air quantity is 3000m 3 And h, the receiving distance is 30cm. The diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.25mm, and the fibers are bonded into a net through heat.
And (3) performing bidirectional pre-drafting on the elastic melt-blown fabric prepared by the method, wherein the drafting multiple is 2 times. Then adopting polyacrylonitrile electrostatic spinning solution, selecting N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent, and enabling the concentration of the solution to be 10%. In the electrostatic spinning process: the voltage is 14kV, the speed is 0.8mL/h, and the receiving distance is 12cm; the fineness of the fibers of the obtained electrostatic spinning layer is 240-520nm, the filtering efficiency of the nanofiber membrane layer is 17.6%, and the airflow resistance is 19Pa; the finally obtained composite filter material after electrostatic spinning has the filtration efficiency of 99.5% and the airflow resistance of 161Pa (the filtration efficiency test standard GB19083-2010 medical protective mask technical requirement).
A method of making an elastic nonwoven based composite filter material comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-drafting: firstly, pre-drafting elastic non-woven fabric according to a certain multiple to obtain drafted elastic non-woven fabric; wherein the elastic non-woven fabric is elastic melt-blown non-woven fabric of an SEBS matrix, and the two-way drafting multiple is 2 times;
(2) And covering the nanofiber membrane: covering a layer of nanofiber membrane on the drawn elastic non-woven fabric obtained in the step (1) to form a composite base fabric, wherein the nanofiber membrane layer is prepared by an electrostatic spinning technology and is subjected to electrostatic spinning by adopting polyacrylonitrile electrostatic spinning solution;
(3) And heat setting treatment: carrying out heat setting treatment on the composite base cloth obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat setting temperature is set to be 120 ℃, and the heat setting time is 3min;
(4) And pre-drafting release: and (3) removing the pre-drafting state of the composite base fabric after the heat setting treatment to obtain the composite filter material.
After the composite base cloth after the heat setting treatment retracts, the nanofiber membrane forms a layer of folded structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven cloth. The finally obtained composite filter material after electrostatic spinning has the filtration efficiency of 99.5% and the airflow resistance of 161Pa (the filtration efficiency test standard GB19083-2010 medical protective mask technical requirement).
Example 2
A composite filter material based on elastic non-woven fabric is characterized in that an elastic non-woven fabric layer 1 after pre-drafting is used as a base material, then an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane layer 2 is compounded on the surface of the base material, after the elastic non-woven fabric layer 1 retracts, the nanofiber membrane layer 2 forms a folded nanofiber net structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric layer 1, the elastic non-woven fabric layer is made of the elastic non-woven fabric, the pre-drafting multiple of the elastic non-woven fabric layer is 0.1-10, the filter efficiency of the composite filter material is larger than or equal to 95, and the airflow resistance is smaller than or equal to 200Pa.
In this embodiment, the elastic nonwoven fabric is an elastic spunbond nonwoven fabric, which is prepared from the following raw materials: styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), PP and erucamide, and the raw materials are mixed to form a mixture. Wherein the percentage of the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) to the PP is 90 percent; controlling the melt index of the mixture to be 60g/10min (at 230 ℃ and 2.16 kg), and the gram weight of the prepared non-woven fabric to be 48g/m 2 The fiber fineness is 17.9-20.3um, the MD elongation is 413-525%, the CD elongation is 572-698%, and when the fiber is stretched by 100%, the MD elastic recovery rate is 76-83%, and the CD elastic recovery rate is 85-90%.
Specifically, the preparation method of the elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly, putting styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), PP and erucamide into a feeding hopper of a mixer, then heating and melting, extruding strips, and finally cutting into granules for later use; wherein the percentage of the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) to the PP is 90 percent, and the addition amount of the erucamide accounts for 3 percent of the mixture;
(2) Melting the granules obtained in the step (1) at high temperature in a screw extruder to form polymer melt, filtering and metering, extruding the polymer melt from spinneret orifices, and cooling by cold air at two sides to form nascent fiber;
(3) And (3) drafting the nascent fiber obtained in the step (2) under high-speed airflow, collecting the nascent fiber on a condensing net curtain or a roller, and thermally bonding the nascent fiber through a roller to obtain the elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric.
Wherein the temperature of each zone of the screw extruder is 180, 240, 270 and 270, setting the die head temperature to be 265 ℃, the cooling air flow temperature to be 20 ℃, and the draft air flow volume to be 2800m 3 H, spinneret orifice diameter 0.6mm, hot roll temperature 160/156 ℃, roll pressure 75daN/cm.
And (3) performing bidirectional pre-drafting on the elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric obtained by the preparation, wherein the drafting multiple is 1 time. Then adopting polyimide electrostatic spinning solution, selecting Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent, wherein the concentration of the solution is 15%, covering the prepared electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane on the stretched elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric, and forming a layer of folded structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric by the nanofiber membrane after the composite base fabric subjected to heat setting treatment retracts to finally obtain the composite filter material.
A method of making an elastic nonwoven based composite filter material comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-drafting: firstly, pre-drafting elastic non-woven fabric according to a certain multiple to obtain drafted elastic non-woven fabric; wherein the elastic non-woven fabric is elastic spun-bonded non-woven fabric of an SEBS matrix, and the bidirectional drafting multiple is 1 time;
(2) And covering the nanofiber membrane: covering a layer of nanofiber membrane on the drawn elastic non-woven cloth obtained in the step (1) to form a composite base cloth, wherein the nanofiber membrane layer is prepared by an electrostatic spinning technology and is subjected to electrostatic spinning by adopting polyimide electrostatic spinning solution;
(3) And heat setting treatment: carrying out heat setting treatment on the composite base cloth obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat setting temperature is set to be 150 ℃, and the heat setting time is 1.5min;
(4) And pre-drafting release: and (3) removing the pre-drafting state of the composite base fabric after the heat setting treatment to obtain the composite filter material.
The elastic spunbond nonwoven prepared in this example was subjected to bi-directional pre-drawing with a draw ratio of 1. Then polyimide electrostatic spinning solution is adopted, and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is selected as a solvent, wherein the concentration of the solution is 15%. In the electrostatic spinning process: the voltage was 15kV, the speed was 1mL/h, and the reception distance was 15cm. The fineness of the fibers of the obtained electrostatic spinning layer is 430-870nm, and the composite filter material is finally prepared, wherein the filtration efficiency is 96.7%, and the airflow resistance is 143Pa (the filtration efficiency test standard GB19083-2010 medical protective mask technical requirement).
In the embodiment, the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), the PP and the slipping agent are used as raw materials, so that the obtained non-woven fabric has good elasticity, high elastic recovery rate when being stretched by 100%, high mechanical strength and low possibility of breaking. The addition of the PP and the slipping agent can improve the rheological property of the SEBS, so that the mixture has a higher melt index, and the permeability and the air permeability of the non-prepared non-woven fabric are better. The slipping agent can reduce the viscoelasticity of the SEBS, so that the non-woven fabric is good in stability, the soft and smooth hand feeling of the cloth surface of the non-woven fabric can be improved, and the stickiness between the cloth layers can be reduced.
And the fiber fineness is reduced by improving the die head temperature and the draft airflow volume, and relatively, the number of the fibers is increased and the fibers are arranged closely under the same output speed, so that the entanglement probability among the fibers is improved, the bonding points of the non-woven fabric are increased, and the strength of the non-woven fabric is greatly improved. Meanwhile, due to the addition of the slipping agent, the doubling phenomenon among fibers is effectively relieved, and the air permeability is effectively improved.
According to the invention, by adopting the high-elasticity non-woven fabric and combining the technical means of firstly pre-drafting the high-elasticity non-woven fabric and then covering the nanofiber membrane on the high-elasticity non-woven fabric, after the high-elasticity non-woven fabric retracts, the nanofiber membrane layer forms more folded structures on the high-elasticity non-woven fabric, so that the porosity of the prepared composite filter material is greatly improved, and the filter effect is effectively improved.
And from the above measurement results, the present invention indeed effectively improves the filtration efficiency and reduces the air flow resistance. The invention is suitable for the technical field of masks and air filtration. The double-layer structure composite filter material can realize the filtration of ultrafine particles in the air, achieves high filtration efficiency and long service life under the condition of low resistance, has good permeability and is not easy to break, has obvious high-performance advantage compared with the traditional product, and is worthy of wide popularization and application.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (3)
1. A composite filter material based on elastic non-woven fabric is characterized in that: the composite filter material is formed by taking an elastic non-woven fabric layer which is subjected to pre-drafting and is prepared by taking polypropylene, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) and erucamide as raw materials as a base material, and then compounding an electrospun nanofiber membrane layer on the surface of the base material, after the elastic non-woven fabric layer retracts, the nanofiber membrane layer forms a folded nanofiber net structure on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric layer, the pre-drafting multiple of the elastic non-woven fabric layer is 0.1-10, and the elastic non-woven fabric layer is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: the percentage of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) to PP is 90 percent, the addition amount of erucamide accounts for 3 percent of the mixture, the gram weight of the prepared elastic non-woven fabric is 48g/m, the fineness of the fiber is 17.9-20.3um, the MD elongation is 413-525 percent, the CD elongation is 572-698 percent, when the elastic non-woven fabric is stretched by 100 percent, the elastic recovery rate of the MD is 76-83 percent, the elastic recovery rate of the CD is 85-90 percent, the filtration efficiency of the composite filter material is larger than or equal to 95 percent, and the airflow resistance is smaller than or equal to 200Pa.
2. A method of making an elastic nonwoven-based composite filter material of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Pre-drafting: firstly, pre-drafting elastic non-woven fabric according to a certain multiple to obtain drafted elastic non-woven fabric; the elastic non-woven fabric is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: the percentage of styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) to PP is 90, the addition amount of erucamide accounts for 3% of the mixture, firstly, the styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), the PP and the erucamide are put into a feeding hopper of a mixer, then heated and melted, extruded into strips, and finally cut into granules for standby; melting the obtained granules at high temperature in a screw extruder to form a polymer melt, filtering and metering, extruding the polymer melt from a spinneret orifice, and cooling by cold air at two sides to form nascent fibers; drafting the obtained nascent fiber under high-speed airflow, collecting and condensing on a screen curtain or a roller, carrying out roller thermal bonding to obtain elastic spunbonded nonwoven fabric, wherein the temperature of each zone of a screw extruder is 180, 240, 270 and 270, the temperature of a die head is set to be 265 ℃, the temperature of cooling airflow is 20 ℃, the flow and the air volume of the drafting airflow is 2800m for carrying out thin year/h, the diameter of a spinneret orifice is 0.6mm, the temperature of a hot roller is 160/156 ℃, and the pressure of the roller is 75daN/cm;
(2) And covering the nanofiber membrane: covering a layer of nanofiber membrane on the drawn elastic non-woven fabric obtained in the step (1) to form a composite base fabric, wherein the nanofiber membrane is prepared from nanofibers obtained through electrostatic spinning, and the diameters of the nanofibers are 5-800nm; adopting polyimide electrostatic spinning solution, selecting Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent, wherein the solution concentration is 15%, and in the electrostatic spinning process: the voltage is 15kV, the speed is 1mL/h, the receiving distance is 15cm, and the fiber fineness of the obtained electrostatic spinning layer is 430-870 nm;
(3) And heat setting treatment: carrying out heat setting treatment on the composite base cloth obtained in the step (2), wherein the heat setting temperature is set to be 5-20 ℃ higher than the melting point of a lower material in the composite base cloth, and the heat setting time is 0.5-3min;
(4) And pre-drafting release: removing the pre-drafting state of the composite base fabric after the heat setting treatment to obtain a composite filtering material;
in the step (4), after the composite base fabric subjected to heat setting is retracted, a layer of folded structure is formed on the surface of the elastic non-woven fabric by the nanofiber membrane.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the material of the nano-fiber comprises one or more of polyester, polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyimide, polyurethane, styrene block copolymer and vinyl acetate.
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| CN202011100718.XA CN112275030B (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2020-10-15 | Composite filtering material based on elastic non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112275030B true CN112275030B (en) | 2023-03-17 |
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| US4657802A (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1987-04-14 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Composite nonwoven elastic web |
| US20060199457A1 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-07 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Cloth-like biaxial stretch nonwoven |
| US8679216B2 (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2014-03-25 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for forming a laminate of a nanoweb and a substrate and filters using the laminate |
| WO2015016449A1 (en) * | 2013-08-01 | 2015-02-05 | (주)에프티이앤이 | Multi-layered nanofiber filter having improved heat resistance, and method for manufacturing same |
| ES2730017T3 (en) * | 2015-02-24 | 2019-11-07 | Gore W L & Ass Gmbh | Process for the formation of a set of porous film |
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| CN107700076A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2018-02-16 | 浙江吉和非织造布有限公司 | A kind of high-elasticity non-woven fabric and preparation method thereof |
| CN109853131A (en) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-06-07 | 山东恒鹏卫生用品有限公司 | High elongation rate non-woven fabrics and manufacturing method with using non-woven fabrics as the composite material of raw material |
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