CN112273135A - Method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of laying a drainage concealed conduit in the saline-alkali soil; drying the field for 30 days after leveling the land by laser, scraping 5cm soil on the surface layer, enabling the row direction of a vineyard to be vertical to a production road, enabling the row spacing to be 3m, and excavating deep trenches; backfilling the straws and the surface soil to the bottom of the ditch, applying the straws and the surface soil in three layers, wherein the thickness of the straws and the surface soil is 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil, and applying the mixture to the deep ditch to a position 30-40 cm away from the surface of the deep ditch; mixing surface soil and the saline-alkali soil conditioner, and backfilling the deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; mixing the bottom soil and the saline-alkali soil conditioner for ridging; pretreatment of grape salt-tolerant stock grafting and seedling planting; planting grape salt-tolerant stock grafted seedlings and managing the field. The cultivation method can effectively reduce the salt content and alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, thereby being more suitable for the growth of the wine grapes; by adopting the cultivation method, the grafted seedlings of the salt-tolerant rootstocks of the wine grapes have high survival rate, high yield and high wine yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cash crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil.
Background
At present, soil salinization is a main abiotic stress source of world agriculture and is also the largest limiting factor of world agriculture production, and has become a world problem of global common attention. According to statistics, the area of the global saline-alkali soil is about 9.55 hundred million hm2The distribution is wide and shows a trend of increasing. In cultivated land soil in China, the salinized soil has the area of 920.9 multiplied by 104hm2And accounts for about 6.62 percent of the cultivated land area in China. Ningxia is in medium-temperature zone semiarid area, and has drought and less rain all the year round, large evaporation capacity and high salt content in soil. As for yellow drainage irrigation areas, the salinized farmland of the irrigation areas is 14.79hm2And the slightly, moderately and heavily salinized farmlands respectively account for 63.5 percent (full salt 0.2-0.4 percent), 23.1 percent (full salt 0.4-0.6 percent) and 13.4 percent (0.6-1.0 percent) of saline-alkali wastelands (full salt)>1.0%) of 5.6hm2. Saline-alkali soil is also an important land resource and can be used as a strategic reserve resource of cultivated land. About 80% of saline-alkali soil in China is not developed and utilized, and even developed and utilized farmland belongs to the most main middle-low yield type farmland in China. Therefore, reasonably and effectively improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soil becomes an important subject related to economic and social development and ecological development.
The Ningxia wine grape planting area is distributed in arid and semi-arid area with ecological fragility, and the garden area has barren soil, low fertility and high salinity. Therefore, after the saline-alkali soil is reasonably and accurately improved, the method for planting the wine grapes has very wide development potential and practical significance. However, there are some technical difficulties in cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil, such as: the saline-alkali soil is low in organic matter content, poor in nutrients, severe in surface soil hardening and poor in air permeability, grape roots are difficult to tie down, even if the grape roots are tied down, water needed by crop cultivation cannot be provided, and the grape cultivation survival rate is low. Therefore, the research of the technology and measures for solving the difficulty of ecological cultivation of wine grapes in saline-alkali soil makes the establishment of the ecological cultivation technology system of wine grapes in saline-alkali soil become the central importance of the work of people.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) laying a drainage concealed pipe in the saline-alkali soil, collecting the drained underground water to a drainage well in a secondary drainage mode, and driving a submersible pump in the drainage well to discharge the collected water to an open channel by utilizing the power generation of a solar photovoltaic panel;
(2) drying the land for 30 days after leveling the land by laser, scraping 5cm soil on the surface layer of the saline-alkali land, enabling the row direction of a vineyard to be vertical to a production road, enabling the row spacing to be 3m, excavating deep grooves with the width of 1m and the depth of 1m, and separating surface soil, bottom soil and sand and stones when excavating the deep grooves;
(3) backfilling straws to the bottom of the ditch, adding the surface soil in the step (2), mixing the straws and the surface soil with the thickness of 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil in the step (2), and applying the mixture into the deep ditch to a position 30-40 cm away from the surface of the deep ditch; mixing the surface soil obtained in the step (2) with a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and backfilling the surface soil to a deep groove until the deep groove is filled; mixing the bottom soil in the step (2) with a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and then, forming ridges on the deep grooves filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm;
(4) pretreatment of grape salt-tolerant stock grafting and seedling planting: pruning the root system of the grape seedling for 15cm, soaking the root system of the pruned seedling in clear water for 24 hours, and then soaking the root system in disinfectant for disinfection and then soaking the root system in slurry;
(5) planting the grape salt-tolerant stock grafted seedlings: planting the ridge surfaces in the step (3) at an inclination of 45 degrees, wherein the planting distance is 0.6m, the root systems extend to the periphery during planting, water is filled for 3-5 days after planting, and mulching films are adopted for covering;
(6) field management: drip irrigation is adopted, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 25-30 days, every 15-20 days every volt day, and the drip irrigation is stopped 25-30 days before harvesting;
topdressing: applying a nitrogen fertilizer once from the germination period to the flowering period, wherein the application amount is 112.5-150 kg.hm in terms of nitrogen content-2(ii) a Applying urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate mixed fertilizer once in an expansion period, wherein the application amount is 150-225 kg.hm respectively-2And 225kg hm-2(ii) a Applying a mixed fertilizer of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate once in a coloring period, wherein the application amount is 225-300 kg.hm respectively-2。
Further, in the step (1), the laying distance of the concealed pipes is 40m, and the laying depth is 1.5-1.8 m.
Further, in the step (2) and the step (3), the surface soil is 0-0.5 m away from the ground, and the bottom soil is 0.5-1 m away from the ground.
Further, in the step (3), mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of (4-5) to (1-2) to (8-10), and applying the mixture into the deep groove to a position 30-40 cm away from the surface of the deep groove; mixing the surface soil and the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of (15-20) to 1, and backfilling the surface soil and the saline-alkali soil conditioner to a deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; and (3) mixing the subsoil obtained in the step (2) with a saline-alkali soil conditioner in a weight ratio of (15-20) to 1, and ridging the deep trench filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm.
Further, in the step (4), the disinfectant is a solution obtained by diluting 50 mass percent of carbendazim with water by 1500 times.
Further, in the step (5), the distance between the grafting port of the salt-tolerant grape rootstock and the ground is 10-15 cm.
Further, in the step (6), the drip irrigation pipe is a current stabilizer drip irrigation pipe, the diameter of the drip irrigation pipe is 16mm, the distance between drippers is 0.5m, and the flow rate of the drippers is 4.8L/h.
Further, in the step (3) and the step (4), the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
a: preparing a bacterial liquid: according to parts by weight, 1-3 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of bacillus pasteurii, 3-5 parts of enterococcus faecium, 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20-30 parts of starch, 20-30 parts of glucose and 50-60 parts of water are added, and a bacterial liquid is prepared after culture and fermentation;
b: mixing corn flour, bean pulp, straw powder and crushed dry branches and fallen leaves according to the weight ratio of (5-6) to (2-4) to (4-6): (4-6) mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
c: adding the bacterial liquid obtained in the step A into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step B, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation initial product;
d: and D, drying and crushing the primary fermentation product obtained in the step C to obtain a fermentation product, and mixing the obtained fermentation product with farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate and ammonium sulfate to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Further, in the step A, the number of beneficial live bacteria in the yeast, the bacillus pasteurianus, the enterococcus faecium and the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 106cfu/g。
In step C, the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1 to (10-15), and the fermentation conditions are as follows: fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 5-8 days, and stirring once every 24 hr; in the step D, the drying is carried out at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, and the weight ratio of the fermentation product, the farmyard manure, the calcium superphosphate and the ammonium sulfate in the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 1: 100-120: 20-40.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method for cultivating the wine grapes in the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil does not need to be improved in a complex mode in the early stage, and only the method of laying the drainage concealed pipe, excavating the deep groove, backfilling the culture fertilizer and smashing the ridge before cultivation is adopted to provide an environment suitable for the growth of the wine grapes, so that the normal growth of the grapes cannot be influenced.
(2) The method adopts a drip irrigation technology, reduces the large amount of salt brought in under the flood irrigation, forms a special saline-alkali land wine-making grape ecological cultivation system with the characteristics of root zone improvement, local control and water and fertilizer integration, and is worthy of popularization and application.
(3) According to the invention, the fungi in the saline-alkali soil conditioner are decomposed and metabolized to generate a large amount of organic acid, so that the dissolution of salt in the soil can be accelerated, the alkalinity of the soil can be neutralized, the synergistic effect can be effectively exerted among the adopted strains, and the improvement effect of the prepared conditioner on the saline-alkali soil is obviously improved; the cultivation method can effectively reduce the salt content and alkalinity of the saline-alkali soil, thereby being more suitable for the growth of the wine grapes; by adopting the cultivation method, the grafted seedlings of the salt-tolerant rootstocks of the wine grapes have high survival rate, high grape yield and high wine yield.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
The "parts" in the present invention are in parts by weight unless otherwise specified.
In the following embodiment, saline-alkali soil of medlar of Ningxia agriculture and forestry academy of sciences, Heilan, Nxia Yichuan city, is taken as a wine grape planting test area, the underground water level of the saline-alkali soil in the area is about 90cm in a irrigation period and is about 140cm in a non-irrigation period, the salt content of a soil plough layer is 5.7g/kg, the salt type is a sulfate and carbonate mixed type, the pH value of the soil is more than 9.1, and the soil is alkaline secondary salinized soil; the cultivated wine grape variety is cabernet sauvignon; the cultivation time is 2016 years.
The description will not be repeated below.
Example 1
The preparation of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps;
a: preparing a bacterial liquid: 2 parts of yeast, 7 parts of bacillus pasteurii, 4 parts of enterococcus faecium, 4 parts of bacillus subtilis, 25 parts of starch, 25 parts of glucose and 55 parts of water are added, and the mixture is cultured and fermented to prepare a bacterial liquid, wherein the number of beneficial viable bacteria in the yeast, the bacillus pasteurii, the enterococcus faecium and the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 106cfu/g。
B: mixing corn flour, bean pulp, straw powder and crushed dry branches and fallen leaves according to the weight ratio of 5.5: 3: 5: 5, mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
c: adding the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (A) into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (B), wherein the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1: 13, fermenting for 6 days at 35 ℃, stirring once every 24 hours, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation initial product;
d: and (C) drying the primary fermentation product obtained in the step (C) at 35 ℃, crushing to obtain a fermentation product, and mixing the fermentation product with farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate and ammonium sulfate in a weight ratio of 1: 110: 30 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that no yeast is added in step A.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1, except that Bacillus subtilis in step A was replaced with Bacillus natto.
Example 2
The method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) laying drainage concealed pipes in the saline-alkali soil, wherein the laying interval of the concealed pipes is 40m, the laying depth is 1.5-1.8m, collecting the drained underground water to a drainage well in a two-stage drainage mode, arranging a strong drainage pump at the drainage well, and driving a submersible pump in the drainage well to discharge the collected water to an open channel by utilizing the power generation of a solar photovoltaic panel;
(2) after leveling the land by laser, drying the land in the sun for 30 days, scraping and stacking 5cm of soil on the surface layer of the saline-alkali land to a ditch for filling up the land, wherein the row direction of the grape garden is vertical to the production road, the row spacing is 3m, a deep groove with the width of 1m and the depth of 1m is excavated, and when the deep groove is excavated, surface soil, bottom soil and sand are separated, wherein the surface soil is 0-0.5 m away from the ground, and the bottom soil is 0.5-1 m away from the ground;
(3) backfilling straws to the bottom of the deep trench, adding the surface soil obtained in the step (2), wherein the thickness of the straws and the surface soil is 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil obtained in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of 4: 2: 8, and applying the mixture to the deep trench to a position 30cm away from the surface of the deep trench; mixing the surface soil obtained in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 15: 1, and backfilling the deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; mixing the bottom soil in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 20: 1, and then ridging on the deep groove filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm;
(4) pretreatment of grape salt-tolerant stock grafting and seedling planting: pruning the root system of the grape seedling for 15cm, soaking the root system of the pruned seedling in clear water for 24 hours, soaking the root system in disinfectant, disinfecting the root system, and then soaking the root system in slurry, wherein the disinfectant is a solution obtained by diluting 50% of carbendazim by 1500 times;
(5) planting the grape salt-tolerant stock grafted seedlings: planting on the ridge surface in the step (3) at an inclination of 45 degrees, wherein the planting distance is 0.6m, the root system extends towards the periphery during planting, the joint of a grafted seedling of a grape salt-tolerant stock is 10cm away from the ground, water is filled 3 days after planting, and a mulching film is adopted for covering so as to preserve soil moisture and improve the ground temperature;
(6) field management: drip irrigation is adopted, wherein the drip irrigation is carried out once every 30 days, once every 20 days every volt day, the drip irrigation is stopped 30 days before harvesting, the drip irrigation pipe is a flow stabilizer drip irrigation pipe, the diameter of the drip irrigation pipe is 16mm, the distance between drippers is 0.5m, the flow of the drippers is 4.8L/h, and the continuous drip irrigation is carried out for 24 hours;
topdressing: applying nitrogen fertilizer once from the germination period to the flowering period, wherein the application amount is 150 kg.hm in terms of nitrogen content-2(ii) a Applying urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate mixed fertilizer once in the expansion period, wherein the application rates are respectively 150 kg.hm-2And 225kg hm-2(ii) a Applying ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate mixed fertilizer once in the coloring period, wherein the application rates are 225kg hm respectively-2、300kg·hm-2。
Example 3
The method for cultivating wine grapes in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) laying drainage concealed pipes in the saline-alkali soil, wherein the laying interval of the concealed pipes is 40m, the laying depth is 1.5-1.8m, collecting the drained underground water to a drainage well in a two-stage drainage mode, arranging a strong drainage pump at the drainage well, and driving a submersible pump in the drainage well to discharge the collected water to an open channel by utilizing the power generation of a solar photovoltaic panel;
(2) after leveling the land by laser, drying the land in the sun for 30 days, scraping and stacking 5cm of soil on the surface layer of the saline-alkali land to a ditch for filling up the land, wherein the row direction of the grape garden is vertical to the production road, the row spacing is 3m, a deep groove with the width of 1m and the depth of 1m is excavated, and when the deep groove is excavated, surface soil, bottom soil and sand are separated, wherein the surface soil is 0-0.5 m away from the ground, and the bottom soil is 0.5-1 m away from the ground;
(3) backfilling straws to the bottom of the deep trench, adding the surface soil in the step (2), wherein the thickness of the straws and the surface soil is 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of 5: 1: 10, and applying the mixture to the deep trench to a position 40cm away from the surface of the deep trench; mixing the surface soil obtained in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 20: 1, and backfilling the deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; mixing the bottom soil in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 15: 1, and then ridging on the deep groove filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm;
(4) pretreatment of grape salt-tolerant stock grafting and seedling planting: pruning the root system of the grape seedling for 15cm, soaking the root system of the pruned seedling in clear water for 24 hours, soaking the root system in disinfectant, disinfecting the root system, and then soaking the root system in slurry, wherein the disinfectant is a solution obtained by diluting 50% of carbendazim by 1500 times;
(5) planting the grape salt-tolerant stock grafted seedlings: planting on the ridge surface in the step (3) at an inclination of 45 degrees, wherein the planting distance is 0.6m, the root system extends towards the periphery during planting, the joint of a grafted seedling of a grape salt-tolerant stock is 15cm away from the ground, water is filled in the soil after 5 days of planting, and a mulching film is adopted for covering so as to preserve soil moisture and improve the ground temperature;
(6) field management: drip irrigation is adopted, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 25 days, every 15 days in a volt-day, the drip irrigation is stopped 25 days before harvesting, the drip irrigation pipe is a flow stabilizer drip irrigation pipe, the diameter of the drip irrigation pipe is 16mm, the distance between drippers is 0.5m, the flow of the drippers is 4.8L/h, and the continuous drip irrigation is carried out for 24 hours;
topdressing: applying nitrogen fertilizer once from the germination period to the flowering period, wherein the application amount is 112.5 kg.hm by the nitrogen content-2(ii) a Applying urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate mixed fertilizer once in the expansion period, wherein the application amount is 225 kg.hm respectively-2(ii) a Applying ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate mixed fertilizer once in the coloring period, wherein the application rates are respectively 300 kg.hm-2、225kg·hm-2。
Example 4
The difference from the example 2 is that the step (3) is modified as follows: backfilling straws to the bottom of the deep trench, applying the straws in three layers, wherein each layer is 5cm, adding 5cm of surface soil in the step (2), the thickness of the surface soil is 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of 4: 2: 8, and applying the mixture to the deep trench to a position 30cm away from the surface of the deep trench; mixing the surface soil obtained in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 15: 1, and backfilling the deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; and (3) mixing the bottom soil in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 20: 1, and then ridging on the deep groove filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm.
Example 5
The difference from the example 2 is that the step (3) is modified as follows: backfilling straws to the bottom of the ditch, applying the straws in two layers, wherein each layer is 7.5cm, adding 7.5cm of surface soil in the step (2), the thickness of the surface soil is 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of 4: 2: 8, and applying the mixture to the deep ditch until the distance from the surface of the deep ditch is 30 cm; mixing the surface soil obtained in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 15: 1, and backfilling the deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; and (3) mixing the bottom soil in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 20: 1, and then ridging on the deep groove filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm.
Example 6
The difference from example 2 is that the drip irrigation mode in step (6) is: each drip irrigation is carried out in two times, each time is 12 hours, and the time interval between the two times is 24 hours.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 2 is that "the saline-alkali soil improvement agent prepared in example 1" used in step (3) is replaced with "the saline-alkali soil improvement agent prepared in comparative example 1".
Comparative example 4
The same as example 2 except that "the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in example 1" used in step (3) was replaced with "the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in comparative example 2"
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 2 is that step (3) is: backfilling straws to the bottom of the deep trench, adding the surface soil obtained in the step (2), wherein the thickness of the straws and the surface soil is 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil obtained in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of 4: 2: 8, and applying the mixture to the deep trench to a position 30cm away from the surface of the deep trench; backfilling the surface soil in the step (2) to the deep trench until the deep trench is filled and leveled; and (3) mixing the subsoil obtained in the step (2) with the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the embodiment 1 according to the weight ratio of 20: 1, and then ridging on the deep ditch filled and leveled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm.
Effect test example 1
The salt content and the soil pH value of the soil plough layer of the saline-alkali soil for planting the wine grapes in the examples 2 to 6 and the comparative examples 3 to 5 were measured in 11 months of 2017, 11 months of 2018 and 11 months of 2019, respectively, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Effect test example 2
Statistics are carried out on the survival rate of the grape salt-tolerant stock grafted seedlings in the examples 2 to 6 and the comparative examples 3 to 5 and the yield of the grapes in 2018 and 2019, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Effect test example 3
The grapes harvested in 2018 and 2019 in examples 2-6 and comparative examples 3-5 were used for brewing wine by the same process, and the wine yield was counted, and the results are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the wine grapes in the saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) laying a drainage concealed pipe in the saline-alkali soil, collecting the drained underground water to a drainage well in a secondary drainage mode, and driving a submersible pump in the drainage well to discharge the collected water to an open channel by utilizing the power generation of a solar photovoltaic panel;
(2) drying the land in the sun after leveling the land by laser for 30 days, scraping 5cm soil on the surface layer of the saline-alkali land, enabling the row direction of a vineyard to be vertical to a production road, enabling the row spacing to be 3m, excavating deep grooves with the width of 1m and the depth of 1m, and separating surface soil, bottom soil and sand and stones when excavating the deep grooves;
(3) backfilling straws to the bottom of the ditch, adding the surface soil in the step (2), mixing the straws and the surface soil with the thickness of 30cm, simultaneously mixing the straws, the desulfurized gypsum and the bottom soil in the step (2), and applying the mixture into the deep ditch to a position 30-40 cm away from the surface of the deep ditch; mixing the surface soil obtained in the step (2) with a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and backfilling the surface soil to a deep groove until the deep groove is filled; mixing the bottom soil in the step (2) with a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and then, forming ridges on the deep grooves filled in the step (3), wherein the ridge width is 1m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the ridge surface is 80 cm;
(4) pretreatment of grape salt-tolerant stock grafting and seedling planting: pruning the root system of the grape seedling for 15cm, soaking the root system of the pruned seedling in clear water for 24 hours, and then soaking the root system in disinfectant for disinfection and then soaking the root system in slurry;
(5) planting the grape salt-tolerant stock grafted seedlings: planting the ridge surfaces in the step (3) at an inclination of 45 degrees, wherein the planting distance is 0.6m, the root systems extend to the periphery during planting, water is filled for 3-5 days after planting, and mulching films are adopted for covering;
(6) field management: drip irrigation is adopted, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 25-30 days, every 15-20 days every volt day, and the drip irrigation is stopped 25-30 days before harvesting;
topdressing: applying a nitrogen fertilizer once from the germination period to the flowering period, wherein the application amount is 112.5-150 kg.hm in terms of nitrogen content-2(ii) a Applying urea and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate mixed fertilizer once in an expansion period, wherein the application amount is 150-225 kg.hm respectively-2And 225kg hm-2(ii) a Applying a mixed fertilizer of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate once in a coloring period, wherein the application amount is 225-300 kg.hm respectively-2。
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the laying distance of the concealed pipe is 40m, and the laying depth is 1.5-1.8 m.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), the top soil is 0 to 0.5m from the ground, and the bottom soil is 0.5 to 1m from the ground.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the straw, the desulfurized gypsum and the subsoil in the step (2) are mixed according to the weight ratio of (4-5) to (1-2) to (8-10), and the mixture is applied to the deep trench to a position 30-40 cm away from the surface of the deep trench; mixing the surface soil and the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the step (2) according to the weight ratio of (15-20) to 1, and backfilling the surface soil and the saline-alkali soil conditioner to a deep groove until the deep groove is filled and leveled; and (3) mixing the subsoil obtained in the step (2) with a saline-alkali soil conditioner in a weight ratio of (15-20) to 1, and ridging the deep trench filled in the step (3), wherein the width of the ridge is 1m, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the surface of the ridge is 80 cm.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the disinfectant is a solution obtained by diluting 50 mass percent of carbendazim with water by 1500 times.
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the grafting port of the salt-tolerant grape rootstock is 10-15 cm away from the ground.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the drip irrigation pipe is a flow stabilizer drip irrigation pipe, the diameter of the drip irrigation pipe is 16mm, the distance between drippers is 0.5m, and the flow rate of the drippers is 4.8L/h.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3) and the step (4), the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
a: preparing a bacterial liquid: according to parts by weight, 1-3 parts of yeast, 5-8 parts of bacillus pasteurii, 3-5 parts of enterococcus faecium, 3-5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20-30 parts of starch, 20-30 parts of glucose and 50-60 parts of water are added, and a bacterial liquid is prepared after culture and fermentation;
b: mixing corn flour, bean pulp, straw powder and crushed dry branches and fallen leaves according to the weight ratio of (5-6) to (2-4) to (4-6): (4-6) mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate;
c: adding the bacterial liquid obtained in the step A into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step B, and fermenting to obtain a fermentation primary product;
d: and D, drying and crushing the primary fermentation product obtained in the step C to obtain a fermentation product, and mixing the fermentation product with farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate and ammonium sulfate to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step A, the yeast, Bacillus pasteurianus, enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis are viable and beneficial bacteriaNumber average is more than or equal to 1 multiplied by 106cfu/g。
10. The cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein in the step C, the volume ratio of the bacterial liquid to the fermentation substrate is 1 to (10-15), and the fermentation conditions are as follows: fermenting at 30-40 deg.C for 5-8 days, and stirring once every 24 hr; and D, drying at the temperature of 30-40 ℃, wherein the weight ratio of the fermentation product, the farmyard manure, the calcium superphosphate and the ammonium sulfate in the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 1: 100-.
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