CN112271709B - Time domain distance protection method suitable for wind power plant output line - Google Patents

Time domain distance protection method suitable for wind power plant output line Download PDF

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CN112271709B
CN112271709B CN202011228262.5A CN202011228262A CN112271709B CN 112271709 B CN112271709 B CN 112271709B CN 202011228262 A CN202011228262 A CN 202011228262A CN 112271709 B CN112271709 B CN 112271709B
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phase
current
fault
inductance
sequence
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CN112271709A (en
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崔力心
梅姚
周治伊
王永年
牛浩明
倪赛赛
张大伟
孙贺斌
唐维
陆洋
黄晓夏
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STATE GRID GASU ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Nari Technology Co Ltd
NARI Nanjing Control System Co Ltd
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STATE GRID GASU ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Nari Technology Co Ltd
NARI Nanjing Control System Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks

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  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a time domain distance protection method for a wind power plant transmission line, which specifically comprises the following steps: collecting instantaneous values of phase voltage, phase current and zero sequence current, and forming a signal sequence respectively; constructing the signal sequence into a Hankel matrix, carrying out singular value decomposition on the Hankel matrix, and extracting component signals corresponding to the signal sequence; calculating a differential equation of a corresponding protection installation position after the line fails, and obtaining the differential equation with the positive sequence resistance and the inductance of the line from a fault point to the protection installation position as unknown quantities by using a differential method; substituting elements in the component signals of the electric quantities into an equation and solving to obtain resistance parameter estimated values and inductance parameter estimated values, and calculating accurate resistance parameters and inductance parameters according to sampling data. The method can quickly and accurately identify the fault of the output line of the wind power plant under various fault types, and is particularly suitable for the wind power grid-connected system with the double-fed wind driven generator.

Description

Time domain distance protection method suitable for wind power plant output line
Technical Field
The invention relates to a relay protection method for a power system, in particular to a time domain distance protection method suitable for a transmission line of a wind power plant.
Background
At present, a traditional protection scheme is still adopted for a transmission line of a wind power plant, the protection configuration of the transmission line of 110kV and above for transmitting electric energy of the wind power plant in a long distance mode is generally configured according to a conventional system, the distance protection based on a Fourier algorithm is generally used as main protection or backup protection of the transmission line, and the special fault property of a grid-connected system of the wind power plant is ignored.
At present, a doubly-fed wind generator (DFIG) is widely applied to a wind power grid-connected system, however, the fault characteristics of the DFIG are complex and different from those of a synchronous generator, and great challenges are brought to the applicability of traditional relay protection. When the voltage drop is deep, the short-circuit current provided by the DFIG will be dominated by the transient dc component and the transient ac component of the rotational speed frequency. The change range of the rotating speed of the DFIG is generally 0.7-1.3 pu, so that at the initial stage of fault occurrence, the main frequency component of the current provided by the DFIG is 35-65 Hz alternating current component determined by the rotating speed of the fan, and the alternating current component is difficult to filter by a low-pass filter, so that a fundamental frequency phasor amplitude and a fundamental frequency phasor phase cannot be accurately extracted by a power frequency Fourier algorithm, the action performance of a distance protection section without delay action cannot be ensured, and the performance degradation can occur when the distance protection based on the DFIG algorithm is applied to the side of a wind field of a transmission line.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a time domain distance protection method suitable for a wind power plant sending-out line, which can overcome the influence of special fault characteristics of a wind power plant and ensure the operation safety of a system for a wind power grid-connected system with a double-fed wind driven generator.
The technical scheme is as follows: the time domain distance protection method suitable for the wind power plant sending line comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring signal arrays of zero-sequence current, three-phase current and three-phase earth voltage instantaneous values on a protected line on the wind farm side in 1 period after the fault, and constructing a Hankel matrix;
s2, performing singular value decomposition on the Hankel matrix constructed in the step S1, and connecting the first row vector of the component matrix corresponding to the first singular value of the matrix after the singular value decomposition with the transposition of the last column vector to obtain a component signal sequence of the original signal sequence;
s3, establishing a differential equation of a corresponding protection installation position after the line has a fault, observing the differential equation, and calculating the square sum of each error;
s4, solving the resistance parameter estimation value and the inductance parameter estimation value when the sum of squares of all errors has the minimum value, and obtaining calculation formulas of the resistance parameter estimation value and the inductance parameter estimation value;
and S5, sampling the resistance and inductance values, and calculating the positive sequence resistance and inductance from the fault point to the protection installation line according to the sampling values.
Step S3 includes the following steps:
and calculating a differential equation of the corresponding protection installation position after the line has the fault, wherein the differential equation is shown as the following formula.
Figure BDA0002764318240000021
In the formula, u and i are respectively the instantaneous values of voltage and current measured at the protection installation, R, L are respectively the positive sequence resistance and inductance of the line from the fault point to the protection installation, and the following differential equation set is established by taking two points:
Figure BDA0002764318240000022
subscripts 1,2 in the formula represent failure points 1 and 2, respectively; for simplicity of expression, use D 1 Substitute for
Figure BDA0002764318240000023
D 2 Substitute for
Figure BDA0002764318240000024
The system of differential equations described above is solved by:
Figure BDA0002764318240000025
taking two different sampling moments t k 、t k+1 The corresponding sampling values of the measured voltage and the current are u respectively k 、u k+1 、i k 、i k+1 For simplifying the expression of the formula, let y k ＝(u k +u k+1 )/2，x k ＝(i k +i k+1 )/2，D k ＝(i k+1 -i k )/T s The following difference equation is established:
y k ＝Rx k +LD k (4)
for the ground fault, taking the phase a ground fault as an example, the voltage substituted in the differential equation is the phase a relative ground voltage, and the current is the phase a current with zero sequence current compensation, and there are:
Figure BDA0002764318240000026
Figure BDA0002764318240000027
Figure BDA0002764318240000031
in the above formula, u ak 、u ak+1 And i ak 、i ak+1 、i 0k 、i 0k+1 Are respectively component signals
Figure BDA0002764318240000032
And
Figure BDA0002764318240000033
middle t k 、t k+1 Elements corresponding to the moments; k is R And K L Respectively is a zero-sequence resistance compensation coefficient and a zero-sequence reactance compensation coefficient, and has
Figure BDA0002764318240000034
For the phase-to-phase fault, taking an AB two-phase fault as an example, if the voltage substituted in the differential equation is an AB phase-to-phase voltage and the current is an AB phase-to-phase current, then:
Figure BDA0002764318240000035
Figure BDA0002764318240000036
Figure BDA0002764318240000037
in the above formula u bk 、u bk+1 And i bk 、i bk+1 Are respectively provided with
Figure BDA0002764318240000038
And
Figure BDA0002764318240000039
middle correspondence t k 、t k+1 An element of a time of day.
(5) N observations were made for equation (3), with the sum of the squares of the errors:
Figure BDA00027643182400000310
further, step S4 includes the steps of:
the partial derivatives of R and L are separately calculated and made equal to zero, then:
Figure BDA00027643182400000311
Figure BDA00027643182400000312
solving the simultaneous equations (12) and (13) to obtain the estimated value of the resistance parameter
Figure BDA00027643182400000313
And an inductance parameter estimate
Figure BDA00027643182400000314
The calculation formula of (c):
Figure BDA0002764318240000041
Figure BDA0002764318240000042
step S4 includes the following steps: dividing the sampling points into i groups according to the number of the sampling points of each cycle, obtaining resistance and inductance values of i at different moments, respectively recording as R (i) and L (i), wherein the 1 st group is the current moment, the i th group is the historical moment, and after obtaining data of a complete adoption period, obtaining R and L finally entering distance protection calculation by adopting the following algorithm:
Figure BDA0002764318240000043
Figure BDA0002764318240000044
has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: a Hankel matrix is constructed for the signal sequence generated by the collected electrical quantities and singular value decomposition is carried out to obtain component signals of all electrical quantities, so that errors and noise interference are reduced; the method is not influenced by frequency domain information, the influence of attenuated rotating speed frequency components of short-circuit current on the wind field side when a circuit sent by the doubly-fed wind power plant fails is overcome in principle, the fault distance can be accurately calculated, the performance is superior to distance protection based on a Fourier algorithm, more and more data are used for calculating the fault distance along with the time, and the accuracy of a calculation result is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a power grid equivalent model of a doubly-fed wind farm according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
Step 1: by means of measuring elements, collecting the protected lineZero sequence current, three phase current and three phase earth voltage, and sampling frequency T s And collecting instantaneous values of current and voltage within 1 period after the fault to obtain N sampling points, and generating a signal array by the sampling points.
Step 2: constructing a Hankel matrix from the generated signal sequence, and performing singular value decomposition on the constructed Hankel matrix to obtain a component signal of the signal sequence, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
setting signal sequences generated by the collected ABC three-phase currents as I a 、I b And I c The signal sequence generated by the three-phase voltage sampling points is U a 、U b And U c The collected zero sequence current instantaneous value generates a signal array I 0 。
Array I of signals a 、I b 、I c 、I 0 、U a 、U b And U c Respectively constructing a Hankel matrix, and performing singular value decomposition on the generated Hankel matrix to obtain I a 、I b 、I c 、I 0 、U a 、U b And U c Respective first component signal sequence
Figure BDA0002764318240000051
And
Figure BDA0002764318240000052
with I a For example, let the generated Hankel matrix be A H Then to A H Singular value decomposition is carried out to obtain:
A H ＝UΛV T
where the matrix U ═ U 1 ,u 2 ,…,u m ]And V ═ V 1 ,v 2 ,...,v n ]All belong to orthogonal matrices.
In order to realize the separation of the original signal and extract the detail component of the signal, the matrix A is H Expressed in the following form:
Figure BDA0002764318240000053
wherein u is i (i-1, 2, …, q) and v i (i ═ 1,2, …, q) the ith column vector, U, of matrices U and V, respectively i ∈R m ×1 ，v i ∈R n×1 ，q＝min(m,n)；A H Component matrix of
Figure BDA0002764318240000054
A i ∈R m×n . Matrix A H The component matrix corresponding to the first singular value is A 1 A is 1 First horizontal vector H i,1 And the last column vector L i,n The transposes of the original signal sequence are connected to obtain the component signals of the original signal sequence
Figure BDA0002764318240000055
Similarly, the component signal sequence of other electrical quantity signal sequences can be obtained
Figure BDA0002764318240000056
And
Figure BDA0002764318240000057
and calculating a differential equation of the corresponding protection installation position after the line has the fault, wherein the differential equation is shown as the following formula.
Figure BDA0002764318240000058
Where u and i are instantaneous values of the voltage and current measured at the protection installation, respectively, and R, L are positive sequence resistance and inductance of the line from the fault point to the protection installation, respectively. Taking two points, the following system of differential equations can be established
Figure BDA0002764318240000059
For simple writing, use D 1 Instead of the former
Figure BDA0002764318240000061
D 2 Instead of the former
Figure BDA0002764318240000062
Solving the system of differential equations as
Figure BDA0002764318240000063
And 4, step 4: taking two different sampling times t k 、t k+1 The corresponding sampling values of the measured voltage and the current are u respectively k 、u k+1 、i k 、i k+1 . For simple writing, set y k ＝(u k +u k+1 )/2，x k ＝(i k +i k+1 )/2，D k ＝(i k+1 -i k )/T s Then, the following difference equation can be established:
y k ＝Rx k +LD k
for the ground fault, taking the phase a ground fault as an example, the voltage substituted in the differential equation is the phase a ground voltage, and the current is the phase a current with zero sequence current compensation, and there are:
Figure BDA0002764318240000064
Figure BDA0002764318240000065
Figure BDA0002764318240000066
in the above formula, u ak 、u ak+1 And i ak 、i ak+1 、i 0k 、i 0k+1 Are respectively a series of numbers
Figure BDA0002764318240000067
And
Figure BDA0002764318240000068
middle t k 、t k+1 Elements corresponding to the moments; k R And K L Are respectively zero sequence resistance compensation coefficient and zero sequence reactance compensation coefficient, and have
Figure BDA0002764318240000069
Figure BDA00027643182400000610
For the phase-to-phase fault, taking an AB two-phase fault as an example, the voltage substituted in the differential equation is an AB phase-to-phase voltage, and the current is an AB phase-to-phase current, then:
Figure BDA00027643182400000611
Figure BDA0002764318240000071
Figure BDA0002764318240000072
in the above formula u bk 、u bk+1 And i bk 、i bk+1 Are respectively provided with
Figure BDA0002764318240000073
And with
Figure BDA0002764318240000074
Middle correspondence t k 、t k+1 The elements of the time of day.
And 5: n observations were made for equation (5), with the sum of the squares of the errors:
Figure BDA0002764318240000075
the principle of the least squares method is to find R and L when J is taken as the minimum, so that the partial derivatives of R and L are found and made equal to zero, respectively, then:
Figure BDA0002764318240000076
Figure BDA0002764318240000077
the two formulas are combined to solve to obtain the resistance parameter estimation value
Figure BDA0002764318240000078
And an inductance parameter estimate
Figure BDA0002764318240000079
The calculation formula of (2):
Figure BDA00027643182400000710
Figure BDA00027643182400000711
and substituting the specific numerical values to obtain the resistance parameter estimation value and the inductance parameter estimation value.
Dividing the sampling points into i groups according to the number of the sampling points of each cycle, obtaining resistance and inductance values at different moments i, respectively recording the resistance and inductance values as R (i) and L (i), wherein the 1 st group is the current moment, the i th group is the historical moment, and after obtaining data of a complete adoption period, obtaining R and L which finally enter distance protection calculation by adopting the following algorithm:
Figure BDA00027643182400000712
Figure BDA0002764318240000081
taking 24 sampling points of a weekly wave of a domestic mainstream manufacturer as an example, taking every three sampling points as a group of data windows, obtaining resistance and inductance values at different moments m, respectively recording as R (m) and L (m), wherein the 24 points can be divided into 8 groups, the 1 st group is the current moment, the 8 th group is the historical moment, and after obtaining 24 points of data of a complete adopted period, calculating R and L finally entering distance protection calculation according to the following formula.
Figure BDA0002764318240000082
Figure BDA0002764318240000083

Claims (2)

1. A time domain distance protection method suitable for a wind power plant transmission line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting signal arrays of current and voltage instantaneous values within 1 period after the fault, and constructing a Hankel matrix;
s2, performing singular value decomposition on the Hankel matrix constructed in the step S1, and connecting the first row vector of the component matrix corresponding to the first singular value of the matrix after the singular value decomposition with the transposition of the last column vector to obtain a component signal sequence of the original signal sequence;
s3, establishing a differential equation of the corresponding protection installation position after the line fails, observing the differential equation, and calculating the square sum of all errors;
the step S3 includes the steps of:
and calculating a differential equation of a corresponding protection installation position after the line has the fault, wherein the differential equation is shown as the following formula:
Figure FDA0003760491850000011
in the formula, u and i are respectively the instantaneous values of voltage and current measured at the protection installation, R, L are respectively the positive sequence resistance and inductance of the line from the fault point to the protection installation, and the following differential equation set is established by taking two points:
Figure FDA0003760491850000012
in the formula, subscripts 1 and 2 represent fault points 1 and 2 respectively; for simplicity of expression, use D 1 Instead of the former
Figure FDA0003760491850000013
D 2 Instead of the former
Figure FDA0003760491850000014
Solving the above system of differential equations has
Figure FDA0003760491850000015
Taking two different sampling moments t k 、t k+1 The corresponding sampling values of the measured voltage and the current are u respectively k 、u k+1 、i k 、i k+1 For simple writing, set y k ＝(u k +u k+1 )/2，x k ＝(i k +i k+1 )/2，D k ＝(i k+1 -i k )/T s The following difference equation is established:
y k ＝Rx k +LD k (4)
for the ground fault, taking the phase a ground fault as an example, the voltage substituted in the differential equation is the phase a ground voltage, and the current is the phase a current with zero sequence current compensation, and there are:
Figure FDA0003760491850000021
Figure FDA0003760491850000022
Figure FDA0003760491850000023
in the above formula, u ak 、u ak+1 And i ak 、i ak+1 、i 0k 、i 0k+1 Array of component signals, each being a voltage relative to ground
Figure FDA0003760491850000024
Sequence of component signals of A-phase current
Figure FDA0003760491850000025
With zero sequence current
Figure FDA0003760491850000026
Middle t k 、t k+1 Elements corresponding to the moments; k is R And K L Respectively is a zero-sequence resistance compensation coefficient and a zero-sequence reactance compensation coefficient, and has
Figure FDA0003760491850000027
For the phase-to-phase fault, taking an AB two-phase fault as an example, the voltage substituted in the differential equation is an AB phase-to-phase voltage, and the current is an AB phase-to-phase current, then:
Figure FDA0003760491850000028
Figure FDA0003760491850000029
Figure FDA00037604918500000210
in the above formula u bk 、u bk+1 And i bk 、i bk+1 Are respectively provided with
Figure FDA00037604918500000211
And
Figure FDA00037604918500000212
middle correspondence t k 、t k+1 An element of a time of day;
n observations were made for equation (3), with the sum of the squares of the errors:
Figure FDA00037604918500000213
s4, solving the resistance parameter estimation value and the inductance parameter estimation value when the sum of squares of all errors has the minimum value, and obtaining calculation formulas of the resistance parameter estimation value and the inductance parameter estimation value;
the step S4 includes the steps of:
the polarization of R and L are separately calculated and made equal to zero to obtain the following equation:
Figure FDA0003760491850000031
Figure FDA0003760491850000032
solving the simultaneous equations (12) and (13) to obtain the estimated value of the resistance parameter
Figure FDA0003760491850000033
And an inductance parameter estimate
Figure FDA0003760491850000034
The calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003760491850000035
Figure FDA0003760491850000036
the step S4 includes the steps of: dividing the sampling points into i groups according to the number of the sampling points of each cycle, obtaining resistance and inductance values of i at different moments, respectively recording as R (i) and L (i), wherein the 1 st group is the current moment, the i th group is the historical moment, and after obtaining data of a complete adoption period, obtaining R and L finally entering distance protection calculation by adopting the following algorithm:
Figure FDA0003760491850000037
Figure FDA0003760491850000038
and S5, sampling the resistance and the inductance value, and calculating the positive sequence resistance and the inductance from the fault point to the protection installation line according to the sampling value.
2. Time domain distance protection method applicable to wind farm outgoing lines according to claim 1, characterized in that said signal sequence comprises zero sequence currents, three phase currents and three phase ground voltages on the wind farm side protected line.
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