CN112267082A - Alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method - Google Patents
Alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention provides a pulse current regression creep age forming method for an alloy plate, which comprises the following steps: (1) solution treatment: firstly, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum alloy plate, and immediately carrying out water quenching; then fixing and loading pressure on a forming die; (2) creep age forming: (2-1) primary aging: heating the aluminum alloy plate from room temperature to creep aging temperature, and preserving heat; (2-2) secondary aging: after the heat preservation time is finished, pulse current is applied to the aluminum alloy plate by using pulse equipment, the temperature is raised to the return temperature and kept for a short time, and then the current is closed; (2-3) three-stage aging: after the aluminum alloy plate is cooled to creep aging temperature in the furnace, preserving heat again, and finally performing furnace cooling and pressure unloading; the invention can simultaneously give consideration to good mechanical property and stress corrosion resistance; meanwhile, as the joule heat is naturally generated by the interaction of the pulse current and the metal atoms, the heating efficiency is high, the power supply can be quickly cooled when the power supply is turned off, and the joule heat is not influenced by the thickness of the plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu series aluminum alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method, and belongs to the technical field of sheet metal forming processing.
Background
The development in the aerospace field puts forward high-performance and light-weight requirements on large-scale complex integral wall plate members, and creep age forming is an advanced plate forming technology developed for meeting the manufacturing requirements of the members. The main application material of creep age forming is aging-strengthening aluminum alloy, such as Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy, which is taken as typical aluminum alloy in the aerospace field and is an ideal material for creep age forming. The aluminum alloy artificial aging heat treatment system has single-stage aging, two-stage aging and regression re-aging (three-stage aging), and different aging treatment systems influence the forming precision and the comprehensive performance of a creep aging forming component.
At present, a single-stage aging system is generally adopted for creep aging forming, and when the aging time is taken as the peak value, the material has high mechanical property but poor corrosion resistance; when the peak value is exceeded, the material enters an overaging state, the corrosion resistance is improved, and partial mechanical properties are sacrificed. It is considered by the academician to introduce the two stage ageing into the creep age forming process, but the second stage ageing in the two stage ageing usually adopts higher temperature to make the material enter an overaged state, so as to improve the corrosion resistance, and therefore the mechanical property is reduced. Therefore, it is conceivable to apply regression re-aging, i.e., tertiary aging, to creep aging. During the regression and re-aging, the first-stage aging is often in a peak aging state, the second-stage aging is heated to 180-210 ℃ to dissolve part of precipitated phases generated by the first-stage aging, namely, the regression treatment is carried out, the dissolved precipitated phases are re-precipitated during the third-stage aging, and finally the precipitated phase distribution with the coexistence of the peak aging state and the over-aging state is obtained, so that good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance are obtained. But the regression treatment requires faster heating and cooling rates, so that the requirement on temperature control equipment of the traditional heat treatment furnace is high; meanwhile, for the thick plate, a certain time is needed for the plate to be uniformly heated through from outside to inside along the thickness, and a longer time is needed for cooling along with the furnace after the regression treatment, so that the regression effect is difficult to completely reserve, the subsequent reaging is influenced, and the application of the regression reaging in the aluminum alloy artificial aging and creep aging forming process is limited. Therefore, the regression treatment mode needs to be improved, so that the regression reaging system can adapt to wider application requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The current-assisted forming technique is a technique in which a (pulse) current is synchronously or asynchronously applied to plastic forming, thereby reducing deformation resistance and improving plasticity. The application of electric current to the metallic material will produce joule heating and non-heating effects. The joule heat is originated from the interaction between the directional mobile electrons and the metal atoms, so that the generation of the joule heat is an inherent phenomenon of metal for the metal sheet material, is not influenced by the thickness, and has the advantages of instant heating, easy implementation and high efficiency. The non-thermal effect mainly acts on solute atoms, dislocations and the like in the metal material, and can promote the diffusion of the solute atoms and the movement of the dislocations, so that the aging peak time is advanced. Therefore, by applying pulse current in the creep aging forming process to introduce regression reaging, the defects of low heating efficiency, long regression time, inapplicability to thick plates and the like of the traditional furnace are avoided, the application range of regression reaging is widened, and the good combination of the mechanical property and the corrosion property of the creep aging component can be expected.
The selection of the pulse current parameters and the regression re-aging system which are properly optimized plays a crucial role in creep aging formability.
The invention provides a method for adopting pulse current regression and reaging in the creep and aging forming process of an aluminum alloy plate, which can obtain an aluminum alloy plate with excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance, and has a shorter period than the traditional regression and reaging, and the technical scheme for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a pulse current regression creep age forming method for an alloy plate introduces a regression re-aging system by applying pulse current in the heat preservation stage of creep age forming of the alloy plate, and comprises the following steps:
(1) solution treatment: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on an aluminum alloy plate and immediately carrying out water quenching on the aluminum alloy plate, and then fixing the aluminum alloy plate on a forming die and loading pressure;
(2) creep age forming:
(2-1) primary aging: heating the aluminum alloy plate in the step (1) from room temperature to creep aging temperature, and preserving heat;
(2-2) secondary aging: after the heat preservation time is finished, pulse current is applied to the aluminum alloy plate in the step (2-1) by using pulse equipment, the temperature is raised to the return temperature, the heat is preserved for a short time, and then the current is closed;
(2-3) three-stage aging: cooling the aluminum alloy plate in the step (2-2) to creep aging temperature, then preserving heat again, and carrying out furnace cooling after heat preservation is finished;
(3) and unloading the pressure, and taking down the formed aluminum alloy member.
Optionally, in the step (1), the solid solution temperature is 460-480 ℃ and the time is 1-3 h.
Optionally, in step (1), the water quench transfer time is less than 10 s.
Optionally, in the step (2-1), the heating rate in the heating and temperature rising stage is 60-300 ℃/h, the primary aging temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-24 h.
Optionally, in the step (2-2), the pulse current density is 10-30A/mm2The frequency is 100-500Hz, the pulse width is 50-200 mus, and the pulse current loading time is 5-20 min.
Optionally, in step (2-2), the pulse regression temperature is 170 ℃ to 210 ℃.
Optionally, in the step (2-3), the third-stage aging temperature is 110-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-24 hours.
Optionally, the aluminum alloy plate is made of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.
Optionally, the fixing mode of the aluminum alloy plate on the forming mold adopts mechanical clamping of an upper mold and a lower mold, or adopts an autoclave of a vacuum bag and a female mold.
Compared with the traditional single-stage creep age forming and the creep age forming of the traditional furnace heating introduction two-stage aging and regression re-aging system researched by scholars in recent years, the invention overcomes the defect that the single-stage and two-stage creep age can not simultaneously give consideration to good mechanical property and stress corrosion resistance; meanwhile, because joule heat is naturally generated by the interaction of pulse current and metal atoms, the heating efficiency is high, and the power supply can be quickly cooled when the power supply is turned off, the phenomenon that the heat is gradually attenuated in the aluminum alloy plate, particularly the thick plate, when the traditional furnace is used for heating does not exist, and the limitation that the regression and reaging heating time is long and the application in the creep and aging forming process of the thick plate cannot be realized does not exist.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional creep-age forming process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage creep-age forming process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pulsed current regressive creep age forming process;
FIG. 4 is a TEM bright field image photograph of a precipitated phase morphology after conventional creep age forming;
FIG. 5 is a TEM bright field image of a precipitated phase morphology after the pulsed current regression creep age forming.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided to enable those skilled in the art to more readily understand the advantages and features of the present invention and to thereby define the scope of the invention more clearly.
The method for the alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming introduces a regression re-aging system by applying short-time pulse current in the heat preservation stage of the creep age forming of the alloy plate, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) solution treatment: firstly, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum alloy plate, immediately carrying out water quenching, fixing the aluminum alloy plate on a forming die, and loading pressure to enable the aluminum alloy plate to be tightly attached to the forming die.
(2) Creep age forming:
(2-1) primary aging: heating the aluminum alloy plate in the step (1) from room temperature to creep aging temperature, and preserving heat;
(2-2) secondary aging: after the heat preservation time is finished, pulse current is applied to the aluminum alloy plate in the step (2-1) by using pulse equipment, the temperature is raised to the regression temperature, the heat is preserved for a short time (pulse current loading time), and then the current is closed;
(2-3) three-stage aging: and (3) cooling the aluminum alloy plate in the step (2-2) to creep aging temperature, then preserving heat again, and carrying out furnace cooling after the heat preservation time is over.
(3) And finally, unloading the pressure of the aluminum alloy plate, and taking down the formed aluminum alloy plate.
As an option, the aluminum alloy plate is made of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.
The pulse current is applied to the aluminum alloy plate for a certain time, which belongs to the current auxiliary forming technology, and the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy plate is reduced and the plasticity is improved by synchronously or asynchronously applying (pulse) current in the plastic forming; the action of the current on the metal material generates joule heating effect and non-heating effect; the joule heat is originated from the interaction between the directional mobile electrons and metal atoms, so that the generation of the joule heat is an inherent phenomenon of metal for the aluminum alloy plate, is not influenced by the thickness, and has the advantages of instant heating, easiness in implementation and high efficiency. The non-thermal effect mainly acts on solute atoms, dislocations and the like in the metal material, and can promote the diffusion of the solute atoms and the movement of the dislocations, so that the time of the aging peak value is advanced, therefore, the pulse current is applied in the creep aging forming process to introduce regression re-aging, the defects of low heating efficiency, long regression time, inapplicability to thick plates and the like of the traditional furnace are avoided, the application range of the regression re-aging is widened, and the good combination of the mechanical property and the corrosion property of the creep aging component can be expected to be obtained.
Alternatively, in the step (1), the solid solution temperature is 460-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
Alternatively, the rapid cooling mode in the solution treatment is water quenching, and the quenching transfer time is less than 10 s.
Optionally, in the step (2-1), the heating rate of the heating and temperature raising stage is 60-300 ℃/h, the first-stage aging temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-24 h.
As oneSelecting, in the step (2-2), the pulse current density is 10-30A/mm2The frequency is 100-500Hz, the pulse width is 50-200 mus, the pulse current loading time is 5-20min, and the regression temperature is 170-210 ℃.
Optionally, in the step (2-3), the third-stage aging temperature is 110-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-24 hours.
Alternatively, the aluminum alloy plate is fixed on the forming die by mechanical clamping of an upper die and a lower die, or by an autoclave of a vacuum bag and a female die.
According to the invention, the effect similar to the traditional regression treatment is generated by applying pulse current in the creep aging forming process of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminum alloy plate, wherein a large amount of fine GP zones and a small amount of eta' phase are separated out in the first-stage aging stage; applying pulse current to the aluminum alloy to generate joule heat in the secondary aging stage, further heating to a temperature range (higher than the heat preservation temperature of creep aging) of the traditional regression treatment, dissolving part of precipitated phases generated in the primary aging stage, mainly GP zones, continuously growing and coarsening undissolved precipitated phases, and rapidly cooling the material to the creep aging temperature after the current is turned off; in the third-stage aging stage, solute atoms are re-precipitated and form a fine eta' phase. After creep aging is finished, a mixed microstructure of a long eta 'phase and a eta phase and a secondarily precipitated fine eta' phase is obtained in the crystal, and an overaging precipitated phase with widened precipitation zone and intermittent distribution is not generated at the crystal boundary, so that the corrosion resistance of the material is improved, and the excellent mechanical property is kept.
The invention is explained again below by means of specific embodiments:
in the examples of the invention, a hot-rolled Al-5.9Zn-1.9Mg-2.5Cu-0.1Zr (mass percent) alloy plate with the thickness of 3mm is used as a sample for explanation, a box type resistance furnace is used for carrying out solution heat treatment, creep age forming is carried out in an electrothermal blowing dry box, and the formed bending radius is 1500 mm.
Example 1:
traditional creep age forming using a peak age regime:
heating the plate sample to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then rapidly quenching with water, wherein the quenching transfer time is less than 10s, and the solution treatment process is finished; then creep age forming is carried out: the creep age forming temperature is 120 ℃, and the holding time is 24 h. FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a conventional creep-age forming process.
Example 2:
traditional creep age forming using an overaging regime:
carrying out solution treatment on a plate sample: heating the sample to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, then rapidly quenching with water, wherein the quenching transfer time is less than 10s, the solution treatment process is finished, and the quenched sample is naturally aged for 24 h; then creep age forming is carried out: the creep age forming temperature is 165 ℃, and the holding time is 18 h. FIG. 4 is a TEM bright field image of the morphology of a precipitated phase of the material after creep age forming in the process.
Example 3:
creep aging forming by adopting a two-stage aging system:
carrying out solution treatment on a plate sample: heating the sample to 470 ℃, then preserving heat for 1h, then rapidly quenching with water, wherein the quenching transfer time is less than 10s, and the solution treatment process is finished; then creep aging forming is carried out, and the creep aging forming is divided into two stages: the temperature of the sample is raised to 120 ℃ by the first-stage aging, the heat preservation time is 12 hours, the temperature of the sample is raised to 165 ℃ by the second-stage aging, and the heat preservation time is 18 hours. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage creep-age forming process.
Example 4:
pulse current regression creep age forming:
heating the plate sample to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, rapidly quenching with water, wherein the quenching transfer time is less than 10s, and finishing the solution treatment process; then creep aging forming is carried out, and the creep aging forming is divided into three stages: the primary aging temperature of creep aging forming is 120 ℃, and the aging time is 20 h; loading pulse current on the sample after the primary aging treatment, wherein the pulse current density is 15A/mm2The frequency is 300Hz, the pulse width is 100 mus, the regression (secondary aging) temperature caused by the pulse current is 180-190 ℃, the loading time is 10min, and the secondary aging treatment process is finished; cooling the sample subjected to the secondary aging treatment to 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 h; FIG. 3 shows the pulse current during the regression creepSchematic of the effect forming process.
Example 5:
optimized pulse current regression creep age forming:
heating the plate sample to 470 ℃, carrying out solid solution for 1h, then rapidly carrying out water quenching, wherein the quenching transfer time is less than 10s, and finishing the solid solution treatment process; then creep aging forming is carried out, and the creep aging forming is divided into three stages: the primary aging temperature of creep aging forming is 120 ℃, the aging time is 12h, and the pulse current density is 15A/mm2The frequency is 300Hz, the pulse width is 100 mus, the regression (secondary aging) temperature caused by pulse current is 180-190 ℃, the current loading time is 10min, the tertiary aging temperature is 165 ℃, the aging time is 4h, and FIG. 5 is a TEM bright field image of the precipitated phase morphology of the material after the creep aging forming of the process.
The vickers hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and electrical conductivity (used to measure stress corrosion resistance) of the materials obtained in each of examples 1-5 were obtained after different creep age forming processes, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
It can be seen from table 1 that examples 4 and 5, using the electric pulse regression creep age forming method as shown in fig. 3, maintained good corrosion resistance while significantly improving mechanical properties.
The invention overcomes the defect that single-stage and double-stage creep aging can not simultaneously give consideration to good mechanical property and stress corrosion resistance; meanwhile, because joule heat is naturally generated by the interaction of pulse current and metal atoms, the heating efficiency is high, and the power supply can be quickly cooled when the power supply is turned off, the phenomenon that the heat is gradually attenuated in the aluminum alloy plate, particularly the thick plate, when the traditional furnace is used for heating does not exist, and the limitation that the regression and reaging heating time is long and the application in the creep and aging forming process of the thick plate cannot be realized does not exist.
Claims (9)
1. The method for the pulse current regression creep age forming of the alloy plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: introducing a regression re-aging system by applying pulse current in the heat preservation stage of creep aging forming of the alloy plate, wherein the steps are as follows:
(1) solution treatment: firstly, carrying out solution treatment on an aluminum alloy plate, immediately carrying out water quenching, fixing the aluminum alloy plate on a forming die and loading pressure;
(2) creep age forming:
(2-1) primary aging: heating the aluminum alloy plate in the step (1) from room temperature to creep aging temperature, and preserving heat;
(2-2) secondary aging: after the heat preservation time is over, pulse current is applied to the aluminum alloy plate in the step (2-1) by using pulse equipment, the temperature is raised to the return temperature, heat preservation is carried out, and then the current is closed;
(2-3) three-stage aging: cooling the aluminum alloy plate in the step (2-2) to creep aging temperature, then preserving heat again, and carrying out furnace cooling after the heat preservation time is over;
(3) and (5) unloading the pressure, and taking down the formed aluminum alloy plate.
2. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the solid solution temperature is 460-480 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h.
3. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the water quenching transfer time is less than 10 s.
4. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2-1), the heating rate in the heating and temperature rising stage is 60-300 ℃/h, the primary aging temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-24 h.
5. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2-2), the pulse current density is 10-30A/mm2The frequency is 100-500Hz, the pulse width is 50-200 mus, and the pulse current loading time is 5-20 min.
6. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2-2), the pulse regression temperature is 170-210 ℃.
7. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2-3), the third-stage aging temperature is 110-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4-24 hours.
8. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy plate is made of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy.
9. The alloy plate pulse current regression creep age forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fixing mode of the aluminum alloy plate on the forming die adopts mechanical clamping of an upper die and a lower die or adopts an autoclave of a vacuum bag and a female die.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113564501A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-29 | 苏州大学 | Heat treatment method of die-casting aluminum alloy plate |
| CN116043146A (en) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-05-02 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for improving intergranular corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy prepared by method |
| CN117531911A (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 中南大学 | Method for creep aging forming melon petal member by utilizing electric pulse |
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Application publication date: 20210126 |