CN112266056B - Solid electrode and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Solid electrode and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266056B CN112266056B CN202011154130.2A CN202011154130A CN112266056B CN 112266056 B CN112266056 B CN 112266056B CN 202011154130 A CN202011154130 A CN 202011154130A CN 112266056 B CN112266056 B CN 112266056B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
Abstract
The invention provides a solid electrode and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the solid electrode comprises foam nickel and a composite material layer positioned on the surface of the foam nickel, the composite material layer is a composite material layer containing layered double metal oxide, and the layered double metal oxide is a layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt simultaneously or a layered double metal oxide containing nickel and aluminum simultaneously; the composite material layer is a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and cobalt or a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and aluminum, so that the solid electrode has good circulation stability, can be charged and discharged in alkali liquor for multiple times, and can keep high electric quantity; when the three-electrode system prepared by the solid electrode is used for treating the wastewater containing urea, the urea can be degraded to generate nitrogen and carbon dioxide without generating ammonia, and the solid electrode system can be repeatedly charged and discharged, so that the urea in the wastewater can be degraded to a larger extent through repeated charging and discharging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and relates to a solid-state electrode, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Urea, also known as carboamide (carbamide), is an organic compound consisting of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen. Urea is easily dissolved in water and can be decomposed in water to generate ammonia, and when the concentration of ammonia is too high, serious harm can be caused to human bodies and the environment.
In addition, urea is used as a pollutant, and due to the characteristic that the urea is easy to dissolve in water, the urea can infiltrate into soil along with industrial wastewater to pollute underground water, and if the underground water with the urea is drunk by human body active objects and exceeds the absorbable standard, the urea can cause damage to organs such as liver, kidney and alveoli of a human body, thereby threatening the health of the human body.
CN108474281a provides a reducing agent supply system and a control method thereof, which converts urea into oxynitride by controlling a heating system, thereby achieving an effect of decomposing urea, but the effect needs to be performed at a higher temperature, and byproducts are easily generated, which is not advantageous for industrial application.
In addition, other modes are adopted in the prior art for degrading urea, such as biodegradation, and the urea is removed by adopting the nitrification or denitrification of microorganisms, but the method has higher requirements on environment, larger factors influenced by the environment and poorer repeatability.
Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a green, environment-friendly and stable method for removing urea from water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid electrode and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the solid electrode comprises foam nickel and a composite material layer positioned on the surface of the foam nickel, and the composite material layer is a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and cobalt simultaneously or a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and aluminum simultaneously, so that the solid electrode has good circulation stability, can be charged and discharged for many times in alkali liquor, and can keep higher electric quantity; when the three-electrode system prepared by the solid electrode is used for treating the wastewater containing urea, the urea can be degraded to generate nitrogen and carbon dioxide without generating ammonia, and the solid electrode system can be repeatedly charged and discharged, so that the urea in the wastewater can be degraded to a larger extent through repeated charging and discharging.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
it is an object of the present invention to provide a solid electrode comprising nickel foam and a composite layer on the surface of the nickel foam, wherein the composite layer is a composite layer comprising a layered double metal oxide, and the layered double metal oxide is a layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt simultaneously or a layered double metal oxide containing nickel and aluminum simultaneously.
The solid electrode comprises foam nickel and the composite material layer positioned on the surface of the foam nickel, wherein the composite material layer is a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and cobalt simultaneously or a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and aluminum simultaneously, so that the solid electrode has good cycling stability, can be charged and discharged for many times in alkali liquor, and can keep high electric quantity.
When the solid-state electrode is used as a working electrode to prepare a three-electrode system, the three-electrode system can degrade urea to generate nitrogen and carbon dioxide without generating ammonia when being used for treating wastewater containing urea, and can be repeatedly charged and discharged, so that the urea in the wastewater can be degraded to a larger extent through repeated charging and discharging.
In the present invention, the composite layer further includes a conductive agent and a binder.
The conductive agent plays a role in conducting electricity, and the adhesive plays a role in bonding, so that the composite material layer formed by mixing the conductive agent, the adhesive and the layered metal oxide is fixed on the surface of the foam nickel, and the electrochemical activity is high.
The specific types of the conductive agent and the binder are not limited in the invention, and can be adjusted according to actual needs by a person skilled in the art, wherein the conductive agent is preferably acetylene black, and the binder is preferably polyvinylidene fluoride.
Preferably, the conductive agent is added in an amount of 1.5 to 3g (e.g., 1.5g, 1.8g, 2g, 2.2g, 2.5g, 2.8g, 3g, etc.) and the binder is added in an amount of 0.8 to 1.2g (e.g., 0.8g, 0.85g, 0.9g, 0.95g, 1g, 1.05g, 1.1g, 1.15g, 1.2g, etc.), based on an amount of 6 to 8g (e.g., 6g, 6.2g, 6.5g, 6.7g, 7g, 7.2g, 7.5g, 8g, etc.) of the layered metal oxide.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a solid electrode according to one of the objects, the method comprising: and placing the layered double metal oxide, the conductive agent and the binder in a solvent, mixing to obtain slurry, coating the slurry on the surface of nickel foam, and curing to obtain the solid electrode.
In the invention, the preparation method of the solid electrode is simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the price is low, and the realization is easy.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the layered metal oxide comprises: adding the mixed solution of the nickel source and the metal source into alkali liquor, mixing, separating to obtain a precipitate, and freeze-drying the precipitate to obtain the layered double metal oxide.
Preferably, the total concentration of nickel ions and metal ions in the mixed solution is 1-1.5M, for example 1M, 1.1M, 1.2M, 1.3M, 1.4M, 1.5M, etc.
Preferably, the nickel source comprises any one or a combination of at least two of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate or nickel acetate.
Preferably, the metal source comprises a cobalt source or an aluminum source.
Preferably, the cobalt source comprises any one or a combination of at least two of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate or cobalt acetate.
Preferably, the aluminum source comprises any one or a combination of at least two of aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, aluminum nitrate, or aluminum chloride.
Preferably, the lye comprises sodium hydroxide solution and/or potassium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the concentration of the lye is 1-3M, e.g. 1M, 1.2M, 1.5M, 1.7M, 2M, 2.2M, 2.5M, 2.7M, 3M, etc.
Preferably, the separation is by centrifugation.
The centrifugal separation is only used in the invention, the specific speed and time of the centrifugal separation are not particularly limited, and the centrifugal separation can be adjusted according to actual needs by a person skilled in the art, and the centrifugal separation time is shorter when the centrifugal speed is higher, and the centrifugal separation time is longer when the centrifugal speed is lower.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises washing the precipitate obtained after separation with ultrapure water 3 to 5 times, for example 3 times, 4 times or 5 times.
Preferably, the freeze-drying temperature is-40 to-10 ℃, e.g., -40 ℃, -35 ℃, -30 ℃, -25 ℃, -20 ℃, -15 ℃, -10 ℃ etc., and the freeze-drying time is 18-24 hours, e.g., 18 hours, 19 hours, 20 hours, 21 hours, 22 hours, 23 hours, 24 hours, etc.
Preferably, the solvent comprises azamethylpyrrolidone.
Preferably, the mixing is performed under stirring for a period of time ranging from 5 to 10 minutes, such as 5 minutes, 6 minutes, 7 minutes, 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, etc.
Preferably, the curing mode is natural airing.
Preferably, the preparation method further comprises vacuum drying the cured product obtained after curing.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying is-0.2 to-0.1 Mpa (e.g., -0.2Mpa, -0.19Mpa, -0.18Mpa, -0.17Mpa, -0.16Mpa, -0.15Mpa, -0.14Mpa, -0.13Mpa, -0.12Mpa, -0.11Mpa, -0.1Mpa, etc.), the temperature of the vacuum drying is 60-80 ℃ (e.g., 60 ℃, 62 ℃, 65 ℃, 67 ℃, 70 ℃, 72 ℃, 75 ℃, 77 ℃, 80 ℃, etc.), and the time of the vacuum drying is 12-24h (e.g., 12h, 14h, 16h, 18h, 20h, 22h, 24h, etc.).
A third object of the present invention is to provide a three-electrode system comprising a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, the working electrode being a solid state electrode according to one of the objects.
Preferably, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode.
Preferably, the counter electrode is nickel foam, and the size of the nickel foam is the same as that of the nickel foam in the working electrode.
It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical sensor comprising a three-electrode system as defined in the third object.
The fifth object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical sensor as defined in the fourth object for use in the treatment of urea-comprising wastewater.
Preferably, the application comprises: the electrochemical method is adopted to charge the working electrode until reaching constant potential, and then the working electrode is placed in urea solution for natural discharge, thereby achieving the effect of degrading urea.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the solid electrode comprises foam nickel and a composite material layer positioned on the surface of the foam nickel, wherein the composite material layer is a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and cobalt simultaneously or a layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and aluminum simultaneously, so that the solid electrode has good cycling stability, can be charged and discharged for many times in alkali liquor, and can keep higher electric quantity; when the three-electrode system prepared by the solid electrode is used for treating the wastewater containing urea, the urea can be degraded to generate nitrogen and carbon dioxide without generating ammonia, and the solid electrode system can be repeatedly charged and discharged, so that the urea in the wastewater can be degraded to a larger extent through repeated charging and discharging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a transmission electron microscopic image of a layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt prepared according to example 1;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples are merely to aid in understanding the invention and are not to be construed as a specific limitation thereof.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solid electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni (NO) with a Ni to Co molar ratio of 1:1 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 Dissolving O in ultrapure water to form 50mL of solution with the total concentration of metal ions of 1.2M, adding 50mL of 2M KOH solution into the solution, vigorously mixing for 1h, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, centrifuging and washing the precipitate for 5 times, and freeze-drying at-30 ℃ for 18h to obtain layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt;
(2) Mixing the layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (purchased from Akema, france) obtained in the step (1) according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1, and then adding nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone for mixing to form slurry;
(3) And (3) smearing the slurry obtained in the step (2) on nickel foam (purchased from Kunjia Yisheng electronic Co., ltd.) with the thickness of 5cm and 1.6mm, naturally airing, then placing the nickel foam in a roller press to be compressed to 200 micrometers, and then placing the nickel foam in a vacuum drying oven to be dried at 70 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the solid-state electrode.
The prepared solid electrode is used as a working electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is foamed nickel with the same size as the nickel foam adopted by the solid electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1M, so that a three-electrode system is formed.
Charging the three-electrode system obtained by the assembly to constant voltage, then placing the three-electrode system in 0.1M 50mL of urea solution to enable the three-electrode system to naturally discharge, observing that a large number of bubbles exist on the surface of the three-electrode system, and taking the three-electrode system out of the urea solution when the bubbles are no longer observed, so as to finish one-time charging and discharging; the charge and discharge process is repeated for 9 times, and the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution is detected, so that the result shows that the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution is reduced from 261.18mg/L to 229.13mg/L, and the degradation rate of urea is 12.27%.
And (3) testing ammonia nitrogen concentration before and after decomposing the urea solution by adopting a Nahner reagent spectrophotometry, and finding that ammonia nitrogen is not generated, which indicates that urea is not hydrolyzed.
The gas generated in the process of charging and discharging 10 microliters is sucked by an injector, and is detected by a gas chromatography, and the detection result shows that the generated gas is nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which indicates that the urea does not generate ammonia in the degradation process.
Fig. 1 is a transmission electron microscope (sem) of a layered bimetal oxide containing nickel and cobalt prepared in the step (1), and fig. 2 is an enlarged view of fig. 1, and it is known from fig. 1 and 2 that the bimetal oxide has a layered structure.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solid electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni (NO) with a Ni to Co molar ratio of 1:1 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 Dissolving O in ultrapure water to form 60mL of solution with the total concentration of metal ions being 1M, adding 100mL of 1M KOH solution into the solution, vigorously mixing for 3 hours, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, and centrifugally washing the precipitate for 3 times, and freeze-drying at-30 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt;
(2) Mixing the layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (purchased from Akema, france) obtained in the step (1) according to the mass ratio of 6:3:0.8, and then adding nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone for mixing to form slurry;
(3) And (3) smearing the slurry obtained in the step (2) on nickel foam (purchased from Kunjia Yisheng electronic Co., ltd.) with the thickness of 5cm and 1.6mm, naturally airing, then placing the nickel foam in a roller press to be compressed to 200 micrometers, and then placing the nickel foam in a vacuum drying oven to be dried at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the solid-state electrode.
The prepared solid electrode is used as a working electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is foamed nickel with the same size as the nickel foam adopted by the solid electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1M, so that a three-electrode system is formed.
Charging the three-electrode system obtained by the assembly to constant voltage, then placing the three-electrode system in 0.1M 50mL of urea solution to enable the three-electrode system to naturally discharge, observing that a large number of bubbles exist on the surface of the three-electrode system, and taking the three-electrode system out of the urea solution when the bubbles are no longer observed, so as to finish one-time charging and discharging; the charge and discharge process is repeated for 9 times, and the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution is detected, so that the result shows that the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution is reduced from 261.18mg/L to 225.11mg/L, and the degradation rate of urea is 13.81%.
And (3) testing ammonia nitrogen concentration before and after decomposing the urea solution by adopting a Nahner reagent spectrophotometry, and finding that ammonia nitrogen is not generated, which indicates that urea is not hydrolyzed.
The gas generated in the process of charging and discharging 10 microliters is sucked by an injector, and is detected by a gas chromatography, and the detection result shows that the generated gas is nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which indicates that the urea does not generate ammonia in the degradation process.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solid electrode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Ni (NO) with a Ni to Co molar ratio of 1:1 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O and Co (NO) 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 Dissolving O in ultrapure water to form 40mL of solution with the total concentration of metal ions of 1.5M, adding 50mL of 3M KOH solution into the solution, vigorously mixing for 5h, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, centrifuging and washing the precipitate for 4 times, and freeze-drying at-40 ℃ for 18h to obtain layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt;
(2) Mixing the layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt, acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (purchased from Akema, france) obtained in the step (1) according to the mass ratio of 8:1.5:1.2, and then adding nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone for mixing to form slurry;
(3) And (3) smearing the slurry obtained in the step (2) on nickel foam (purchased from Kunjia Yisheng electronic Co., ltd.) with the thickness of 5cm and 1.6mm, naturally airing, then placing the nickel foam in a roller press to be compressed to 200 micrometers, and then placing the nickel foam in a vacuum drying oven to be dried at 80 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the solid-state electrode.
The prepared solid electrode is used as a working electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is foamed nickel with the same size as the nickel foam adopted by the solid electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1M, so that a three-electrode system is formed.
Charging the three-electrode system obtained by the assembly to constant voltage, then placing the three-electrode system in 0.1M 50mL of urea solution to enable the three-electrode system to naturally discharge, observing that a large number of bubbles exist on the surface of the three-electrode system, and taking the three-electrode system out of the urea solution when the bubbles are no longer observed, so as to finish one-time charging and discharging; the charge and discharge process is repeated for 9 times, and the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution is detected, so that the result shows that the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution is reduced from 261.18mg/L to 233.66mg/L, and the degradation rate of urea is 10.59%.
And (3) testing ammonia nitrogen concentration before and after decomposing the urea solution by adopting a Nahner reagent spectrophotometry, and finding that ammonia nitrogen is not generated, which indicates that urea is not hydrolyzed.
The gas generated in the process of charging and discharging 10 microliters is sucked by an injector, and is detected by a gas chromatography, and the detection result shows that the generated gas is nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which indicates that the urea does not generate ammonia in the degradation process.
Example 4
The difference from example 1 is only that the cobalt source is replaced with an equal molar number of aluminium source, the rest of the composition and the preparation method are the same as in example 1.
The layered bimetallic oxide containing nickel and aluminum obtained in this example was subjected to transmission electron microscopy, and found to be also layered.
The prepared solid electrode is used as a working electrode, the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode, the counter electrode is foamed nickel with the same size as the nickel foam adopted by the solid electrode, and the electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 1M, so that a three-electrode system is formed.
Charging the three-electrode system obtained by the assembly to constant voltage, then placing the three-electrode system in 0.1M 50mL of urea solution to enable the three-electrode system to naturally discharge, observing that a large number of bubbles exist on the surface of the three-electrode system, and taking the three-electrode system out of the urea solution when the bubbles are no longer observed, so as to finish one-time charging and discharging; the charge and discharge process was repeated 9 times, and the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution was detected, which indicated that the degradation rate of urea was 8.44% when the concentration of nitrogen in the urea solution was reduced from 261.18mg/L to 239.13 mg/L.
And (3) testing ammonia nitrogen concentration before and after decomposing the urea solution by adopting a Nahner reagent spectrophotometry, and finding that ammonia nitrogen is not generated, which indicates that urea is not hydrolyzed.
The gas generated in the process of charging and discharging 10 microliters is sucked by an injector, and is detected by a gas chromatography, and the detection result shows that the generated gas is nitrogen and carbon dioxide, which indicates that the urea does not generate ammonia in the degradation process.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is only that the layered double metal oxide of example 1 is replaced with nickel hydroxide and cobalt hydroxide of equal mass in a molar ratio of 1:1, and the rest of the composition and the preparation method are the same as those of example 1.
The three electrode system was placed in a urea solution in the manner of example 1 and subjected to the same charge and discharge process, and the nitrogen concentration in the urea solution was found to be substantially unchanged before and after charge and discharge.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 4 is only that the layered double metal oxide in example 4 is replaced with nickel hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide of the same quality in a molar ratio of 1:1, and the rest of the composition and the preparation method are the same as those of example 1.
The three electrode system was placed in a urea solution in the manner of example 4 and subjected to the same charge and discharge process, and the nitrogen concentration in the urea solution was found to be substantially unchanged before and after charge and discharge.
The applicant declares that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that any changes or substitutions that are easily conceivable within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed by the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention and the disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. Use of an electrochemical sensor for treating urea-comprising wastewater, the use comprising: charging the working electrode to reach constant potential by adopting an electrochemical method, and then placing the working electrode in urea solution for natural discharge, so that the effect of degrading urea is achieved;
the electrochemical sensor comprises a three-electrode system; the three-electrode system comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode; the reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl electrode; the counter electrode is foamed nickel, and the size of the foamed nickel is the same as that of the foamed nickel in the working electrode;
the working electrode is a solid electrode and comprises foam nickel and a composite material layer positioned on the surface of the foam nickel, wherein the composite material layer is a composite material layer containing layered double metal oxide, a conductive agent and a binder; the layered double metal oxide is a layered double metal oxide containing nickel and cobalt at the same time, the conductive agent comprises acetylene black, and the binder comprises polyvinylidene fluoride;
the layered double metal oxide is prepared by the following method: adding the mixed solution of the nickel source and the cobalt source into alkali solution with the concentration of 1-3M, mixing, separating in a centrifugal way to obtain a precipitate, and freeze-drying the precipitate to obtain the layered double metal oxide; in the mixed solution, the total concentration of nickel ions and metal ions is 1-1.5M; the freeze-drying temperature is-40 to-10 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 18-24 hours;
the solid-state electrode is prepared by the following method: and placing the layered bimetal oxide, the conductive agent and the binder in a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises nitrogen methyl pyrrolidone, mixing to obtain slurry, coating the slurry on the surface of nickel foam, naturally airing and curing, and carrying out vacuum drying on a cured product obtained after curing to obtain the solid electrode.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the conductive agent is 1.5 to 3g and the amount of the binder is 0.8 to 1.2g, based on 6 to 8g of the layered double oxide.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the nickel source comprises any one or a combination of at least two of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate, nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, or nickel acetate.
4. The use of claim 1, wherein the cobalt source comprises any one or a combination of at least two of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, or cobalt acetate.
5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the lye comprises sodium hydroxide solution and/or potassium hydroxide solution.
6. The use according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method further comprises washing the precipitate obtained after separation with ultrapure water 3-5 times.
7. The use according to claim 1, wherein the mixing is performed under stirring conditions for a period of 5-10min.
8. The use according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum drying is-0.2 to-0.1 MPa, the temperature of the vacuum drying is 60-80 ℃, and the time of the vacuum drying is 12-24 hours.
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| CN111672514A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-18 | 深圳大学 | Bifunctional electrocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110201670A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-06 | 山东大学 | Based on ferric trichloride/urea eutectic solvent ferronickel double-metal hydroxide/foamed nickel catalyst agent, preparation method and application |
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