CN112266037A - Modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving system and operation method - Google Patents
Modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266037A CN112266037A CN202010980374.XA CN202010980374A CN112266037A CN 112266037 A CN112266037 A CN 112266037A CN 202010980374 A CN202010980374 A CN 202010980374A CN 112266037 A CN112266037 A CN 112266037A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/08—Thin film evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar heat collection device, comprising: the heat absorption pipe is sleeved with a focus positioning ring; the top reflecting surface is arranged above the heat absorbing pipe; the parabolic reflecting surface is arranged below the heat absorbing pipe; the connecting bracket connects the focus positioning ring, the top reflecting surface and the parabolic reflecting surface together; wherein, the straight line of the focus of the parabolic reflecting surface is consistent with the central line of the heat absorbing pipe. The invention also discloses a modularized solar heat collection device, a system for collecting heat by modularized solar energy and driving seawater desalination and an operation method of the system for collecting heat by modularized solar energy and driving seawater desalination. The modularized solar heat collecting device provided by the invention realizes the modularization of the solar heat collecting device, can flexibly arrange the number and the arrangement mode of the solar heat collecting device according to the power requirement and the actual situation of a site, realizes the large-area collection of solar energy, and enlarges the yield of seawater desalination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solar seawater desalination system, in particular to a solar heat collection device, a modularized solar heat collection device, a system for modularized solar heat collection and driving seawater desalination and an operation method.
Background
The seawater desalination technology is a technology for obtaining fresh water by separating fresh water components in seawater and concentrating the seawater. With the development of international trade, the economy of coastal areas in the world is rapidly developed, and large cities with high population density are continuously generated, along with the huge demand for fresh water resources. Due to the huge demand, most coastal cities cannot meet the requirements of the coastal cities for fresh water resources stably for a long time in modes of remote water transfer or groundwater extraction and the like, so that the fresh water resources are obtained from rivers and seawaterBecomes a feasible scheme. The seawater desalination technology is widely adopted in the world due to stable raw material acquisition and strong adaptability to climate change such as seasons, precipitation and the like, and the global capacity is over 90000000m at present3/d。
The solar seawater desalination technology adopts solar energy as a heat energy source, so that the dependence on heat source supply equipment such as a power plant and the like is avoided, and the flexibility of the technology application is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the thermal seawater desalination technology which realizes the processes of partial evaporation and recondensation of seawater at the cost of solar energy consumption has extremely low power consumption in the process of obtaining fresh water compared with a membrane method. Therefore, the solar seawater desalination technology has unique advantages for solving the problem of shortage of fresh water resources in island regions and coastal regions with deficient electric power resources.
However, the existing solar seawater desalination technology has the following defects: 1. the output is small, and the fresh water demand of a large number of people cannot be met; 2. the structure is complex, the initial investment cost corresponding to the fresh water yield per ton of water is high, and the economic requirement cannot be met, so that the condition of large-scale application is not met; 3. the equipment reliability is poor, and long-term stable operation is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a solar heat collecting device, a modularized solar heat collecting device, a system for modularized solar heat collecting and driving seawater desalination and an operation method, and the system has the advantages of high power flexibility, high yield, low cost, strong structural reliability and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present application, there is provided a solar energy collection device comprising: the heat absorption pipe is sleeved with a focus positioning ring; the top reflecting surface is arranged above the heat absorbing pipe; the parabolic reflecting surface is arranged below the heat absorbing pipe; a connecting bracket connecting the focal positioning ring, the top reflecting surface and the parabolic reflecting surface together; and the straight line where the focus of the parabolic reflecting surface is positioned is consistent with the central line of the heat absorbing pipe.
Optionally, the solar heat collection device further comprises: the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear is fixed at the middle bottom of the parabolic reflecting surface; the rotating shaft gear is fixed on the rotating shaft and meshed with the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear; the rotating shaft is connected to the rotating motor and penetrates through the two positioning holes of the rotating shaft positioning support.
Optionally, the solar heat collection device further comprises: a wick disposed within the heat sink by an interference fit; the liquid absorption core is provided with a porous structure with the aperture size within the range of 1-100 mu m.
In the invention, the wick with a porous structure is used, so that the effective evaporation area of the inner wall of the heat exchange tube can be increased, the evaporation capacity of the water in the same tube volume is increased, the evaporation density is increased, and the evaporation efficiency is improved.
Optionally, the liquid absorption core is formed by inserting sintered powder or foam metal containing a first metal into the inner wall of the heat absorption pipe after thermoforming and performing thermal expansion; the first metal is selected from one or more of copper, aluminum and nickel; the foam metal is selected from one or more of copper and aluminum in combination.
Optionally, the cross section of the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear is an arc with the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe as a center, and is not attached to the bottom surface of the parabolic reflecting surface.
Optionally, the central axis of the heat absorption pipe is horizontally arranged in the north-south direction, the heat exchange working medium in the heat absorption pipe is a pure fresh water working medium, and the pure fresh water working medium in the heat absorption pipe is at a liquid level height of 20% -50%.
According to a second aspect of the present application there is provided a modular solar collector comprising a plurality of solar collectors according to the first aspect of the present application;
wherein a plurality of the solar heat collecting devices are connected through a water trunk pipeline.
The arrangement number of the solar heat collecting devices in the modularized solar heat collecting device is flexibly designed according to the actual power requirement and the production area.
Preferably, the number of the solar heat collecting devices is 1-20 ten thousand. For example, the number of solar thermal collection devices may be 1, 2, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 1 ten thousand, 2 ten thousand, 3 ten thousand, 4 ten thousand, 5 ten thousand, 6 ten thousand, 7 ten thousand, 8 ten thousand, 9 ten thousand, 10 ten thousand, 11 ten thousand, 12 ten thousand, 13 ten thousand, 14 ten thousand, 15 ten thousand, 16 ten thousand, 17 ten thousand, 18 ten thousand, 19 ten thousand, 20 ten thousand.
According to a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a modular solar energy collection and seawater desalination driven system comprising: a modular solar collector apparatus according to the second aspect of the present application.
Optionally, the system for modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving further comprises: a plurality of water branch conduits, each of the water branch conduits being connected to a heat absorbing pipe of a corresponding one of the solar heat collection devices; a plurality of steam branch conduits, each of the steam branch conduits being disposed above a corresponding one of the water branch conduits; a steam main pipe connected to the plurality of steam branch pipes; a water trunk pipe connected to the plurality of water branch pipes; the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers are connected in sequence, and each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber is provided with a horizontal tube heat exchange tube; a water level regulating tank connected to the water main pipeline; the steam main pipeline is connected to a first-effect steam chamber of the first-effect horizontal pipe falling film evaporation chamber; and a first effect condensation water chamber of the first effect horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber is connected to the water level regulating water tank.
The steam branch pipeline comprises a steam branch pipeline main body and a steam collecting pipe.
The pure fresh water working medium of the water branch in the water branch pipeline main body is always at the liquid level height of 30-50%, and the half pipe operates.
The steam collecting pipe is arranged near the joint of the heat absorbing pipe and the steam branch pipeline main body and is connected with the steam branch pipeline main body and the water branch pipeline main body.
The number of horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers depends on the number of solar thermal collection devices.
Preferably, the number of the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers is 1-1000. For example, the number of cross-tube falling film evaporation chambers may be 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000.
Optionally, the system for modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving further comprises: a seawater inlet pipeline through which seawater enters outside the transverse tube heat exchange tubes of each transverse tube falling film evaporation chamber; a fresh water outlet pipeline connected to the condensation water chamber of each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber except the first effect horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber; and the seawater outlet pipeline is connected to each transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber so as to discharge the concentrated seawater.
According to a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided a method of operating a modular solar energy collection and seawater desalination system according to the third aspect of the present application, comprising: the rotating shaft is controlled to rotate by controlling the rotating motor, and then the rotating shaft gear, the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear, the parabolic reflecting surface and the top reflecting surface are controlled to rotate along with the rotating shaft gear, the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear, the parabolic reflecting surface and the top reflecting surface, so that the sunlight is ensured to be always positioned on a plane determined by the central line of the parabolic reflecting surface and the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe, one part of the sunlight is absorbed by the lower surface of the heat absorbing pipe through reflection, and the other part of the sunlight is absorbed by the upper surface of the heat absorbing pipe through re-reflection of the top;
pure fresh water enters a water main pipeline from a water level adjusting water tank, then enters a water branch pipeline, finally enters a heat absorption pipe in a solar heat collection device, soaks the wall surface of the whole heat absorption pipe under the action of a liquid absorption core, absorbs heat near the wall surface and evaporates into water vapor, the water vapor returns to the upper half part of the water branch pipeline along the upper half part in the heat absorption pipe, then enters a steam branch pipeline through a steam collection pipe, then enters the steam main pipeline, and finally enters a transverse pipe heat exchange pipe of a first-effect transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber;
seawater enters the transverse tube heat exchange tubes of each transverse tube falling film evaporation chamber from the seawater inlet pipeline;
the water vapor entering the transverse pipe heat exchange pipes of the first effect transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber is condensed to release heat and then returns to the water level adjusting water tank again;
the heat energy that steam released in each effect violently manages falling liquid film evaporating chamber is as the heat source of drive sea water distillation sea water desalination device, and from the horizontal pipe falling liquid film evaporating chamber of second effect, the secondary steam of the former effect violently manages falling liquid film evaporating chamber and gets into the horizontal pipe heat transfer pipe of the horizontal pipe falling liquid film evaporating chamber of next effect as heating steam and condense exothermic, and the water after the condensation collects in fresh water outlet pipe, and the sea water heat absorption evaporation that horizontal pipe heat transfer pipe is outside produces secondary steam, and the remaining sea water of each effect violently manages falling liquid film evaporating chamber collects in sea water outlet pipe.
Wherein, pan feeding sea water pump is connected in sea water inlet pipeline, and fresh water pump connects in fresh water outlet pipeline, and ejection of compact sea water pump connects in sea water outlet pipeline. The feeding seawater pump is responsible for feeding new seawater into the system, the discharging seawater pump is responsible for removing the concentrated seawater from the system, the condenser is responsible for condensing the final effect steam, and the fresh water pump is responsible for feeding product fresh water out of the system.
In one embodiment, the system comprises a modular solar heat collection device, a steam branch pipeline, a water branch pipeline, a steam main pipeline, a water level adjusting water tank, a horizontal pipe falling film evaporation chamber, a condenser, a feeding seawater pump, a fresh water pump, a discharging seawater pump, a seawater inlet pipeline, a fresh water outlet pipeline and a seawater outlet pipeline. The specific connection mode is as follows: the arrangement quantity of the modularized solar heat collecting devices is flexibly designed according to actual power requirements and production areas, each modularized solar heat collecting device is connected to an adjacent water branch pipeline, and the steam branch pipeline is arranged right above the water branch pipeline; a plurality of steam branch pipelines are connected to the steam main pipeline, and a plurality of water branch pipelines are connected to the water main pipeline; the steam main pipeline is connected with a first-effect steam chamber of the horizontal-pipe falling-film evaporation chamber, a first-effect condensed water chamber of the horizontal-pipe falling-film evaporation chamber is connected with a water level regulating water tank, and a water main pipeline is also connected with the water level regulating water tank; the last effect of the horizontal pipe falling film evaporation chamber is connected with a condenser; the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers of each effect are connected in sequence, secondary steam generated by the former effect is taken as heating steam to enter the heat exchange tube of the next effect, the steam is condensed in the tube and releases heat to become condensed water, seawater outside the tube absorbs heat to evaporate to generate secondary steam until the last effect, fresh water generated by the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers of the second effect to the last effect is collected in a fresh water outlet pipeline, and the residual seawater in each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber is collected in a seawater outlet pipeline; the pan feeding sea water pump is connected in sea water inlet pipeline, and fresh water pump connects in fresh water outlet pipeline, and ejection of compact sea water pump connects in sea water outlet pipeline.
The modularized solar heat collection device comprises a top reflection surface, a focus position positioning ring, a heat absorption pipe, a liquid absorption core, a pure fresh water working medium, a connecting support, a parabolic reflection surface, a rotating motor, a rotating shaft, a parabolic reflection surface positioning gear, a rotating shaft gear and a rotating shaft positioning support; the liquid absorption core is arranged in the heat absorption pipe in an interference fit mode; the focus positioning ring is sleeved outside the heat absorption pipe; the top reflecting surface, the focus positioning ring and the parabolic reflecting surface are connected into a whole through a connecting bracket and can rotate around the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe; the straight line where the focal point of the parabolic reflecting surface is located is consistent with the central line of the heat absorbing pipe; the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear is arranged at the middle bottom of the parabolic reflecting surface; the rotating shaft gear is fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft and is meshed with the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear; the rotating shaft penetrates through the two positioning holes of the rotating shaft positioning bracket; the rotating motor is connected to the rotating shaft.
The wick is a sintered powder wick or a foam metal wick of copper, aluminum or nickel, wherein the foam metal is selected from copper or aluminum.
The central axis of the heat absorption pipe is horizontally arranged in the north-south direction, the internal pure fresh water working medium is always at the liquid level height of 20-50%, and the half pipe operates.
The section of the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear is an arc taking the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe as the center of a circle and is not attached to the bottom surface of the parabolic reflecting surface.
The steam branch pipeline comprises a steam branch pipeline main body and a steam collecting pipe.
The steam collecting pipe is arranged near the joint of the heat absorbing pipe and the steam branch pipeline main body and is connected with the steam branch pipeline main body and the water branch pipeline main body.
The water branch pipeline comprises a water branch pipeline main body and a water branch pure fresh water working medium.
The water branch pipeline main body and the pure fresh water working medium of the water branch are always at the liquid level height of 30-50%, and the half pipe operates.
The working method of the modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving system comprises the following steps: the solar heat collection device controls the rotation of the rotating shaft by controlling the rotating motor, and further controls the rotating shaft gear, the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear, the parabolic reflecting surface and the top reflecting surface to rotate along with the rotating shaft gear, the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear, the parabolic reflecting surface and the top reflecting surface, so that the sun is ensured to be always positioned on a plane determined by the central line of the parabolic reflecting surface and the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe, one part of sunlight is absorbed by the lower surface of the heat absorbing pipe through reflection, and the other part of sunlight is absorbed by the upper surface of the heat absorbing pipe through re-reflection.
The operation working media in the solar heat collection device, the steam branch pipeline, the water branch pipeline, the steam main pipeline, the water level adjusting water tank and the like are pure fresh water. Pure water enters a water main pipeline from a water level adjusting water tank, then enters a water branch pipeline, finally enters a heat absorption pipe in a solar heat collection device, soaks the wall surface of the whole heat absorption pipe under the action of a liquid absorption core, absorbs heat near the wall surface and evaporates into water vapor, the water vapor returns to the upper half part of the water branch pipeline along the upper half part in the heat absorption pipe, then enters a steam branch pipeline through a steam collecting pipe, then enters a steam main pipeline, finally enters a transverse pipe heat exchange pipe of a transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber and returns to the water level adjusting water tank again after being condensed. The heat energy released by the steam in the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber is used as a heat source for driving the multi-effect seawater distillation seawater desalination device.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a solar heat collection device, which can adjust the angle of the solar heat collection device according to the change of the position of the sun, and improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy.
2. The modularized solar heat collecting device provided by the invention realizes the modularization of the solar heat collecting device, can flexibly arrange the number and the arrangement mode of the solar heat collecting device according to the power requirement and the actual situation of a site, and realizes the large-area collection of solar energy by matching with parts such as a steam branch pipeline, a water branch pipeline, a steam trunk pipeline, a water level adjusting water tank and the like, thereby enlarging the yield of seawater desalination.
3. In the solar heat collection device provided by the invention, the working medium in the heat absorption pipe of the solar heat collection device is pure fresh water, heat is provided for the following multi-effect distillation system by virtue of latent heat of vaporization of water, and the working medium does not participate in concentration of seawater, so that the problems of corrosion of equipment and the like are not easy to occur, and the stability is stronger.
4. The invention provides a modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving system. The modular solar heat collecting devices and the seawater desalination system are combined together, and the steam generated by the plurality of groups of solar heat collecting devices is gathered together to share one set of multi-effect distillation system, so that the equipment investment is effectively controlled, and the cost is reduced; and in the process of seawater desalination, by adopting the horizontal tube falling film evaporation multi-effect distillation technology, the fresh water ratio is high, and the stability is good.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a structural view of a solar heat collecting apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the system layout of the modular solar collector.
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a multi-effect distillation seawater desalination plant.
Description of reference numerals:
1 modularized solar heat collecting device
2 steam branch pipeline
3 water branch pipeline
4 steam main pipeline
5 water trunk pipeline
6 water level regulating water tank
7 horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber
8 steam condenser
9 feeding sea water pump
10 fresh water pump
11 discharging seawater pump
12 seawater inlet pipeline
13 fresh water outlet pipeline
14 seawater outlet pipeline
101 top reflecting surface
102 focus position positioning ring
103 heat absorption tube
104 wick
105 pure fresh water working medium
106 connecting bracket
107 parabolic reflecting surface
108 rotating motor
109 rotating shaft
110 parabola reflecting surface positioning gear
111 rotating shaft gear
112 rotating shaft positioning support
201 steam branch pipeline body
202 steam collecting pipe
301 water branch pipeline main body
Pure fresh water working medium with 302 water branch
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a structural view of a solar heat collecting apparatus. The modularized solar heat collection device 1 comprises a top reflection surface 101, a focus position positioning ring 102, a heat absorption pipe 103, a liquid absorption core 104, a pure fresh water working medium 105, a connecting support 106, a parabolic reflection surface 107, a rotating motor 108, a rotating shaft 109, a parabolic reflection surface positioning gear 110, a rotating shaft gear 111 and a rotating shaft positioning support 112; the wick 104 is arranged in the heat absorption pipe 103 in an interference fit manner; the focus positioning ring 102 is sleeved outside the heat absorption pipe 103; the top reflecting surface 101, the focus positioning ring 102 and the parabolic reflecting surface 107 are connected into a whole through a connecting bracket 106 and can rotate around the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe 103; the straight line where the focus of the parabolic reflecting surface 107 is located is consistent with the central line of the heat absorbing pipe 103; a parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear 110 is arranged at the middle bottom of the parabolic reflecting surface 107; the rotating shaft gear 111 is fixed in the middle of the rotating shaft 109 and is meshed with the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear 110; the rotating shaft 109 passes through two positioning holes of the rotating shaft positioning bracket 112; the rotation motor 108 is connected to a rotation shaft 109. Wick 104 is a sintered powder wick of copper or aluminum or nickel or a copper or aluminum foam metal wick. The central axis of the heat absorption pipe 103 is horizontally arranged in the north-south direction, the internal pure fresh water working medium 105 is always at the liquid level height of 20-50%, and the half pipe operates. The parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear 110 has a cross section that is an arc centered on the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe 103 and is not attached to the bottom surface of the parabolic reflecting surface 107. The steam branch pipe 2 includes a steam branch pipe main body 201, a steam collecting pipe 202. The steam collecting pipe 202 is disposed near a junction of the heat absorbing pipe 103 and the steam branch pipe main body 201, and connects the steam branch pipe main body 201 and the water branch pipe main body 301. The water branch pipeline 3 comprises a water branch pipeline main body 301 and a water branch pure fresh water working medium 302. The water branch pipeline main body 301 and the water branch pure fresh water working medium 302 are always at the liquid level height of 30-50%, and the half pipe operates.
In fig. 1, liquid pure water enters a water main pipeline 5 from a water level adjusting water tank 6, then enters a water branch pipeline 3, finally enters a heat absorption pipe 103 in a solar heat collection device 1, soaks the wall surface of the whole heat absorption pipe 103 under the action of a wick 104, absorbs heat near the wall surface and evaporates into water vapor, the water vapor returns to the upper half part of the water branch pipeline 3 along the upper half part in the heat absorption pipe 103, then enters a steam branch pipeline 2 through a steam collecting pipe 202, then enters a steam main pipeline 4, finally enters a horizontal pipe heat exchange pipe of a horizontal pipe falling film evaporation chamber 7 and returns to the water level adjusting water tank 6 after being condensed. In the process, working medium pure water participating in heat exchange is used as an energy transport carrier and is in a relatively closed vacuum environment, and unless a pipeline is damaged, the working medium in the pipeline cannot enter and exit the system, so that the working medium pure water absorbs solar energy and converts the solar energy into latent heat, and the latent heat is released to the horizontal pipe falling film multi-effect distillation seawater desalination device. Only when the circumstances such as pipeline damage or working medium reveal appear, water level regulating water tank 6 just can play a role, plays the cushioning effect on the one hand, guarantees that the water level in the heat absorption pipe 103 among water trunk line pipeline 5, water branch pipeline 3, the solar heat collection device 1 is big undulant not to appear, and when replenishing the working medium simultaneously, the working medium gets into the system from water level regulating water tank 6.
In fig. 1, the solar heat collection device 1 controls the rotation of the rotating shaft by controlling the rotating motor 108, and further controls the rotating shaft gear 111, the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear 110, the parabolic reflecting surface 107 and the top reflecting surface 101 to rotate therewith, so as to ensure that the sun is always positioned on a plane determined by the central line of the parabolic reflecting surface 107 and the central axis of the heat absorption tube 103, a part of sunlight is absorbed by the lower surface of the heat absorption tube 103 after being reflected, a part of sunlight is absorbed by the upper surface of the heat absorption tube 103 after being reflected again by the top reflecting surface 101, and solar energy is converted into heat energy which is absorbed by water in the heat absorption tube 103 and converted into latent heat of vaporization of.
Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the system layout of the modular solar collector. In fig. 2, the solar energy collection device 1 can be arranged in a grid manner as in fig. 2, so as to realize large-area solar energy collection and uniform utilization. Wherein, a plurality of solar heat collection device 1 pass through water trunk pipeline 5 and connect, and the vapor that every solar heat collection device 1 produced passes through steam branch pipeline 2 and collects to steam trunk pipeline 4.
FIG. 3 is a system diagram of a multi-effect distillation seawater desalination plant. The invention provides a system for modularized solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving by combining the modularized solar heat collection device in figure 2 with a multi-effect distillation seawater desalination device in figure 3, which comprises: the system comprises a modular solar heat collection device 1, a steam branch pipeline 2, a water branch pipeline 3, a steam main pipeline 4, a water main pipeline 5, a water level adjusting water tank 6, a horizontal pipe falling film evaporation chamber 7, a condenser 8, a feeding seawater pump 9, a fresh water pump 10, a discharging seawater pump 11, a seawater inlet pipeline 12, a fresh water outlet pipeline 13 and a seawater outlet pipeline 14. The specific connection mode is as follows: the arrangement number of the modular solar heat collecting devices 1 is flexibly designed according to actual power requirements and production areas, each modular solar heat collecting device 1 is connected to an adjacent water branch pipeline 3, and the steam branch pipeline 2 is arranged right above the water branch pipeline 3; a plurality of steam branch pipelines 2 are connected to a steam main pipeline 4, and a plurality of water branch pipelines 3 are connected to a water main pipeline 5; the steam main pipeline 4 is connected to a first-effect steam chamber of the horizontal-pipe falling-film evaporation chamber 7, a first-effect condensed water chamber of the horizontal-pipe falling-film evaporation chamber 7 is connected to the water level regulating water tank 6, and the water main pipeline 5 is also connected to the water level regulating water tank 6; the last effect of the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber 7 is connected with a condenser 8; the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers of each effect are connected in sequence, secondary steam generated by the former effect is taken as heating steam to enter the heat exchange tube of the next effect, the steam is condensed in the tube and releases heat to become condensed water, seawater outside the tube absorbs heat to evaporate to generate secondary steam until the last effect, fresh water generated by the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers of the second effect to the last effect is collected in a fresh water outlet pipeline 13, and the residual seawater in each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber is collected in a seawater outlet pipeline 14; the feeding sea water pump 9 is connected with a sea water inlet pipeline 12, the fresh water pump 10 is connected with a fresh water outlet pipeline 13, and the discharging sea water pump 11 is connected with a sea water outlet pipeline 14.
In fig. 3, the whole structure adopts a multi-effect horizontal tube falling film evaporation system, wherein the steam of the first effect comes from a steam main pipeline 4 and enters a water level adjusting water tank 6 after being condensed. Seawater enters the horizontal tube heat exchange tubes of each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber 7 through a seawater inlet pipeline 12; the fresh water outlet pipeline 13 is connected to the condensation water chamber of each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber 7 except the first effect horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber; a seawater outlet pipe is connected to each horizontal pipe falling film evaporation chamber 7 to discharge the concentrated seawater.
The operation method of the modular solar heat collection and seawater desalination driving system comprises the following steps: the operation working media in the parts such as the modular solar heat collection device 1, the steam branch pipeline 2, the water branch pipeline 3, the steam trunk pipeline 4, the water trunk pipeline 5, the water level adjusting water tank 6 and the like are pure fresh water; pure fresh water enters a water main pipeline 5 from a water level adjusting water tank 6, then enters a water branch pipeline 3, finally enters a heat absorbing pipe 103 in a solar heat collecting device 1, soaks the wall surface of the whole heat absorbing pipe 103 under the action of a liquid absorbing core 104, absorbs heat and evaporates to form water vapor near the wall surface, the water vapor returns to the upper half part of the water branch pipeline 3 along the upper half part in the heat absorbing pipe 103, then enters a steam branch pipeline 2 through a steam collecting pipe 202, then enters a steam main pipeline 4, finally enters a transverse pipe heat exchange pipe of a first-effect transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber 7, is condensed and released heat and then returns to the water level adjusting water tank 6, heat energy released by the steam in each transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber 7 serves as a heat source for driving a seawater distillation seawater desalination device, and from the second effect, secondary steam in the previous effect serves as heating steam and enters a transverse pipe heat exchange pipe of the next effect, the seawater outside the tube absorbs heat and evaporates to generate secondary steam, and the residual seawater in each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber is collected in a seawater outlet pipeline 14. The feeding seawater pump 9 is responsible for feeding new seawater into the system, the discharging seawater pump 11 is responsible for removing the concentrated seawater from the system, the condenser 8 is responsible for condensing the final effect steam, and the fresh water pump 10 is responsible for feeding fresh water out of the system.
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the difference between the embodiments is mainly described, and different optimization features between the embodiments can be combined to form a better embodiment as long as they are not contradictory, and further description is omitted here in view of brevity of the text.
The above are merely examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A solar thermal collection device, comprising:
the heat absorption tube (103), the outer cover of the heat absorption tube (103) is provided with a focus positioning ring (102);
a top reflecting surface (101) disposed above the heat absorbing pipe (103);
a parabolic reflecting surface (107) disposed below the heat absorbing pipe (103);
a connecting bracket (106) connecting the focal positioning ring (102), the top reflective surface (101), and the parabolic reflective surface (107) together;
wherein, the straight line of the focus of the parabolic reflecting surface (107) is consistent with the central line of the heat absorbing pipe (103).
2. The solar energy collection device of claim 1, further comprising:
a parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear (110) fixed at the bottom of the parabolic reflecting surface (107);
a rotating shaft gear (111) fixed to the rotating shaft (109) and meshed with the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear (110);
the rotating shaft (109) is connected to the rotating motor (108) and penetrates through the two positioning holes of the rotating shaft positioning support (112).
3. Solar collector device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a wick (104) arranged by interference fit inside the heat absorption tube (103);
the liquid absorption core (104) is provided with a porous structure with the aperture size within the range of 1-100 mu m.
4. Solar collector according to claim 3, characterized in that said wick (104) is formed by thermal expansion of a sintered powder or a foamed metal containing a first metal, which is inserted into the inner wall of said absorber tube (3);
the first metal is selected from one or more of copper, aluminum and nickel;
the foam metal is selected from one or more of copper and aluminum in combination.
5. Solar collector device according to claim 1, wherein the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear (110) has a cross section in the form of a circular arc centred on the central axis of the absorber tube (103);
the central axis of the heat absorption pipe (103) is horizontally arranged in the north-south direction, and the internal pure fresh water working medium (105) is at the liquid level height of 20-50%.
6. A modular solar collector comprising a plurality of solar collectors as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5;
wherein a plurality of the solar heat collecting devices are connected through a water main pipeline (5).
7. A modular solar energy collection and seawater desalination driven system, comprising: the modular solar collector apparatus of claim 6.
8. The modular solar energy collection and seawater desalination system of claim 7, further comprising:
a plurality of water branch conduits (3), each of said water branch conduits (3) being connected to the heat absorption tube (103) of a respective one of the solar thermal collection devices;
a plurality of steam branch pipes (2), each of the steam branch pipes (2) being arranged above a corresponding one of the water branch pipes (3);
a steam main pipe (4) connected to the plurality of steam branch pipes (2);
a water main pipe (5) connected to the plurality of water branch pipes (3);
the horizontal tube falling film evaporation chambers (7) are connected in sequence, and each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber (7) is provided with a horizontal tube heat exchange tube;
a water level adjusting water tank (6) connected to the water main pipeline (5);
a steam main pipeline (4) is connected to a first-effect steam chamber of the first-effect horizontal-tube falling-film evaporation chamber;
and a first-effect condensation water chamber of the first-effect horizontal-tube falling-film evaporation chamber is connected to the water level regulating water tank (6).
9. The modular solar energy collection and seawater desalination system of claim 8, further comprising:
a seawater inlet pipeline (12), wherein seawater enters the outside of the transverse tube heat exchange pipe of each transverse tube falling film evaporation chamber (7) through the seawater inlet pipeline (12);
a fresh water outlet pipeline (13) connected to the condensation water chamber of each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber (7) except the first effect horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber;
a seawater outlet pipe (14) connected to each horizontal tube falling film evaporation chamber (7) to discharge the concentrated seawater.
10. A method of operating a modular solar energy collection and seawater desalination system as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, comprising:
the rotation of the rotating shaft (109) is controlled by controlling the rotating motor (108), and then the rotating shaft gear (111), the parabolic reflecting surface positioning gear (110), the parabolic reflecting surface (107) and the top reflecting surface (101) are controlled to rotate along with the rotating shaft gear, so that the sunlight is ensured to be always positioned on a plane determined by the central line of the parabolic reflecting surface (107) and the central axis of the heat absorbing pipe (103), one part of the sunlight is absorbed by the lower surface of the heat absorbing pipe (103) after being reflected, and the other part of the sunlight is absorbed by the upper surface of the heat absorbing pipe (103) after being reflected again by the top reflecting surface (101) and converted into latent heat of vaporization of water in the heat absorbing pipe (103);
pure fresh water enters a water main pipeline (5) from a water level adjusting water tank (6), then enters a water branch pipeline (3), finally enters a heat absorption pipe (103) in a solar heat collection device, soaks the wall surface of the whole heat absorption pipe (103) under the action of a liquid absorption core (104), absorbs heat near the wall surface and evaporates into water vapor, the water vapor returns to the upper half part of the water branch pipeline (3) along the upper half part in the heat absorption pipe (103), then enters a steam branch pipeline (2) through a steam collection pipe (202), then enters a steam main pipeline (4), and finally enters a transverse pipe heat exchange pipe of a first-effect transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber;
seawater enters the outer part of the transverse tube heat exchange tube of each transverse tube falling film evaporation chamber (7) through the seawater inlet pipeline (12);
the water vapor entering the transverse pipe heat exchange pipes of the first effect transverse pipe falling film evaporation chamber is condensed to release heat and then returns to the water level adjusting water tank (6).
11. The method of operation of claim 10, further comprising:
from the second effect violently manage falling liquid film evaporation chamber and begin, the secondary steam of the former effect violently manage falling liquid film evaporation chamber and get into the horizontal heat transfer pipe internal condensation heat release of the next effect violently managing falling liquid film evaporation chamber as heating steam, and the water after the condensation gathers in fresh water outlet pipe (13), and the sea water endothermic evaporation that violently manages outside the heat transfer pipe produces secondary steam, and the remaining sea water of each effect violently manage falling liquid film evaporation chamber gathers in sea water outlet pipe (14).
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