CN112262722B - Cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential - Google Patents

Cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112262722B
CN112262722B CN202011129378.3A CN202011129378A CN112262722B CN 112262722 B CN112262722 B CN 112262722B CN 202011129378 A CN202011129378 A CN 202011129378A CN 112262722 B CN112262722 B CN 112262722B
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rod
cylinder
sowing
boot
fixedly connected
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CN112262722A (en
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孙宾成
孙如建
张琪
郭荣起
胡兴国
邵玉彬
于平
张晓莉
毕秀丽
柴燊
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Hulunbuir Institute Of Agriculture And Animal Husbandry
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Hulunbuir Institute Of Agriculture And Animal Husbandry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential, which relates to the field of soybean cultivation, wherein a sowing mode adopts a narrow row close planting technology, two rows of soybeans are planted on a ridge of 32cm, the soybeans are alternately planted, the adjacent seed holes of the soybeans are spaced by about 17cm, the soybean seedlings have enough growth space, the soybean seedlings are prevented from being overlapped by blades in an alternate sowing mode, light and air quantity can enter the bottoms of the seedlings, the light transmittance and the ventilation are strong, and the yield is obviously increased; the sowing mode of the alternate sowing machine is adopted, the two groups of boot-type sowing heads can uniformly distribute the seed holes in an alternate mode, and the seed hole spacing is ensured; the two groups of boot-type sowing plowshares are connected through the locking and adjusting mechanism, so that the front-back spacing and the left-right spacing between the two groups of sowing plowshares can be changed, can be adjusted according to sowing requirements and are intersected with a special sowing machine, and the adaptability is strong.

Description

Cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential.
Background
At present, the soybean production method is remained in the traditional cultivation method, the planting density is low, the field utilization rate is low, the yield is obviously low, the yield of the finished product is low, the economic benefit is low, and the land resource waste is caused. The soybean yield in developed countries is far higher than the average worldwide level, and one of the most important factors is that these countries have commonly used the close planting method, and soybean production is a medium-investment, medium-yield industry from the viewpoint of soybean production in developed countries. In the last decade, a major innovation in foreign soybean production has been the popularization and application of transgenic soybeans. Since the 1994 transgenic soybean resistant to glyphosate was approved for popularization, the planting area of transgenic soybean was rapidly enlarged.
The patent number CN105660142B discloses a high-ridge dense planting drip irrigation no-tillage planting method for soybeans, wherein one ridge of five rows and one hole of one plant of high-ridge dense planting drip irrigation no-tillage planting method for soybeans, five rows of seedlings are planted on a ridge, one ridge of five rows of seedlings are planted on a ridge field, one plant is planted on one hole, 6.29 ten thousand plants are planted per mu, planting density is reasonably improved, field space is fully utilized, matched management is added, single yield of soybeans is improved, and economic benefit of soybean planting is increased.
However, the traditional planting mode adopts the planting mode in rows and columns along the length of the furrow field, so that the land utilization rate is low, the gaps among the grown soybeans are smaller, ventilation and light transmission are not facilitated, and the soybean yield is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, namely selecting low-stalk, semi-low-stalk and plant type convergent soybean varieties with high lodging resistance and high yield and high protein and oil;
s2, seed treatment, namely screening high-quality seeds, and coating the screened seeds, wherein the coating treatment adopts soybean seed coating agent according to the medicine seed ratio of 1:260, fully mixing and stirring the soybean seed coating agent and the soybean seeds;
s3, farmland treatment, namely deeply loosening the farmland, wherein the soil loosening depth is not less than 35cm, the soil is thinned in the deep loosening process, the radius of soil blocks is smaller than 2cm, then ridging is carried out, the width of the ridge is 32cm, the height of the ridge is 35cm, drip irrigation belts are paved between the ridges, deep fertilization is carried out at the same time of ridging, the fertilization amount is 70 kg/mu and 8 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 1-3 kg/mu of urea is used for compacting after ridging, the drip irrigation belts are used for drip irrigation, the water content of the soil is 70% -80%, and meanwhile, a sealing agent is added in drip irrigation water;
s4, sowing, namely alternately sowing the soybean seeds coated in the step S2 in the last ten days of 5 months by an alternate sowing machine, wherein the sowing machine starts sowing from the east end or the south end of a farmland, each ridge of two rows of seeds is 12cm in sowing row spacing, the spacing between the same row of seeds is 17cm, the angle between a connecting line between any one seed hole and an adjacent seed hole on the same ridge and a ridge line is 45 degrees, the sowing condition is that the soil temperature is 8-10 ℃, the air temperature is 12-18 ℃, single holes are 2-3 plants, and the planting density is 6.4-8.2 ten thousand plants per mu;
s4, deep loosening in 2-3 leaf recovery period after the seeds emerge;
s5, field management, seedling supplementing in time in seedling stage, and large amount of irrigation is carried out through the dropper embedded in S3 in flowering and pod forming stage, wherein the total irrigation amount is 27-30m 3 Chemical weeding treatment is adopted in the flower bud differentiation period per mu, and insect disease prevention treatment is adopted before the flower bud differentiation period enters the pod bearing and grain filling period.
Preferably, the soybean selected in S1 is one of the following varieties: no. 1, no. 5 or 1137 of mongolian beans.
Preferably, the soybean seed coating agent in the step S2 is a dofovir soybean seed coating agent, and the soybean seed coating agent comprises the following components: 9 to 11 percent of carbofuran, 9 to 11 percent of thiram, 14 to 16 percent of carbendazim, 9 to 11 percent of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of basic scarlet G, 7 to 9 percent of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 1.8 to 2.2 percent of polyethylene glycol, 16 to 20 percent of talcum powder and 15.2 to 30 percent of silicon dioxide powder, and 2.4 percent of zinc nitrate hexahydrate.
The alternate seeder comprises a feed box, two cross bars are fixedly connected to the bottom of the feed box, each cross bar is rotationally connected with a group of boot-type seeding heads, and the two groups of boot-type seeding heads are fixedly connected with the feed box through an adjusting and locking mechanism.
Preferably, each group of boot-type sowing heads comprises a plurality of sowing plowshares fixedly connected with a connecting rod, the top end of each sowing plowshare is communicated with the feed box through a hose, and the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the cross rod through a suspension rod.
Preferably, the adjusting and locking mechanism comprises a threaded cylinder in threaded connection with the cross rod, the threaded cylinder is inserted through an inserting cylinder communicated with the side surface of the liquid cylinder through an inserting rod, the inserting rod penetrates through a baffle disc fixed in the cylinder and is fixedly connected with the pressure plate, and a return pipe communicated with the liquid cylinder is arranged between the baffle disc and the pressure plate on the side surface of the inserting cylinder.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the sowing mode adopts a narrow row close planting technology, two rows of soybeans are planted on a ridge with the length of 32cm, the soybeans are alternately planted, the spacing between adjacent planting holes of the soybeans is about 17cm, the soybean seedlings have enough growth space, the alternate sowing mode avoids overlapping of soybean seedling leaves, light and air quantity can enter the bottom of the soybean seedlings, the light transmittance and the ventilation are strong, and the yield is obviously increased;
2. the sowing mode of the alternate sowing machine is adopted, the two groups of boot-type sowing heads can uniformly distribute the seed holes in an alternate mode, and the seed hole spacing is ensured;
3. the two groups of boot-type sowing plowshares are connected through the adjusting and locking mechanism, so that the front-back spacing and the left-right spacing between the two groups of sowing plowshares can be changed, can be adjusted according to sowing requirements, are intersected with a special sowing machine, and have strong adaptability;
4. the adjusting and locking mechanism drives the inserted link to slide relative to the inserted link through rotation of the threaded barrel, so that the arc rod in sliding connection with the liquid barrel is driven to move, two groups of boot-type sowing heads are further rotated by a certain angle, the front-back distance between the sowing plowshares is changed, meanwhile, the end parts of the threaded barrel are abutted against the suspension rod, the connecting rod fixedly connected with the suspension rod can axially move relative to the cross rod, the left-right distance between the sowing plowshares is changed, and the sowing plowshares are kept stable in the adjusting process in proportion of the seed hole distance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an alternate planter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a connection diagram of a cross bar, a suspension bar and a liquid cylinder according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a screw thread cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a cartridge of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. a feed box; 2. a boot-type sowing head; 21. a connecting rod; 22. a plow leg; 3. a suspension rod; 4. a thread cylinder; 41. a swivel; 42. a rod; 421. a pressure plate; 43. an internal thread; 44. a baffle ring; 5. a cross bar; 51. a connecting thread; 6. a liquid cylinder; 61. a hanging rod; 62. a limit sleeve; 63. an arc rod; 64. a plug cylinder; 641. a baffle disc; 65. and a return port.
Detailed Description
In order that the manner in which the above recited features, objects and advantages of the present invention are obtained will become readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Based on the examples in the embodiments, those skilled in the art can obtain other examples without making any inventive effort, which fall within the scope of the invention. The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving soybean yield potential comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, namely selecting low-stalk, semi-low-stalk and plant type convergent soybean varieties with high lodging resistance and high yield and high protein and oil;
s2, seed treatment, namely screening high-quality seeds, and coating the screened seeds, wherein the coating treatment adopts soybean seed coating agent according to the medicine seed ratio of 1:260, fully mixing and stirring the soybean seed coating agent and the soybean seeds;
s3, farmland treatment, namely deeply loosening the farmland, wherein the soil loosening depth is not less than 35cm, the soil is thinned in the deep loosening process, the radius of soil blocks is smaller than 2cm, then ridging is carried out, the width of the ridge is 32cm, the height of the ridge is 35cm, drip irrigation belts are paved between the ridges, deep fertilization is carried out at the same time of ridging, the fertilization amount is 70kg and 8 kg of potassium sulfate per mu, 1-kg of urea is carried out, the soil is compacted after ridging, the drip irrigation belts are utilized to enable the water content of the soil to be 70% -80%, and meanwhile, a sealing agent is added in drip irrigation water;
s4, sowing, namely alternately sowing the soybean seeds coated in the step S2 in the last ten days of 5 months by an alternate sowing machine, wherein the sowing machine starts sowing from the east end or the south end of a farmland, each ridge of two rows of seeds is 12cm in sowing row spacing, the spacing between the same row of seeds is 17cm, the angle between a connecting line between any one seed hole and an adjacent seed hole on the same ridge and a ridge line is 45 degrees, the sowing condition is that the soil temperature is 8-10 ℃, the air temperature is 12-18 ℃, single holes are 2-3 plants, and the planting density is 6.4-8.2 ten thousand plants per mu;
s4, deep loosening in 2-3 leaf recovery period after the seeds emerge;
s5, field management, seedling supplementing in time in seedling stage, and large amount of irrigation is carried out through the dropper embedded in S3 in flowering and pod forming stage, wherein the total irrigation amount is 27-30m 3 Chemical weeding treatment is adopted in the flower bud differentiation period per mu, and insect disease prevention treatment is adopted before the flower bud differentiation period enters the pod bearing and grain filling period.
The method is adopted to select a cultivated farmland of 4 mu at a soybean planting base in Heilongjiang in 5 months in 2019, the farmland is divided into four groups, one group is cultivated according to the traditional narrow row close planting technology, the other three groups are cultivated according to the method, the number of soybean seeds is recorded in the soybean planting process, when the soybean seedlings emerge, the number of seedlings is recorded in a multi-point sampling investigation mode, the soybean yield is recorded after the soybean yield is obtained, and the data shown in the table 1 are obtained:
group/period Seeding (Wan Li) Seedling emergence (plant) Harvesting (kilogram)
First group of 9—10 6.8—8.2 444
Second group of 9—10 6.5—7.2 456
Third group of 8—9 6.4-7.1 430
Control group 6—8 5.3-6.8 410
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, in this embodiment, the number of the closely planted seeds is about 25% greater than that of the seeds in the prior art, the average emergence rate per mu is about 7.3 ten thousand plants, which is improved by about 17% compared with the prior art, and the yield is improved by about 9% compared with the prior narrow row close planting technology in the control group, so that the soybean yield can be obviously improved by the soybean cultivation method provided by this example.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1-5, the alternate seeding machine comprises a feed box 1, two cross rods 5 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the feed box 1, each cross rod 5 is rotatably connected with a group of shoe-type seeding heads 2, the two groups of shoe-type seeding heads 2 are fixedly connected with the feed box 1 through an adjusting and locking mechanism, each group of shoe-type seeding heads 2 comprises a plurality of seeding plowshares fixedly connected with a connecting rod 21, the top end of each seeding plowshare is communicated with the feed box 1 through a hose, the connecting rod 21 is rotatably connected with the cross rod 5 through a suspension rod 3, the adjusting and locking mechanism comprises a threaded cylinder 4 in threaded connection with the cross rod 5, the threaded cylinder 4 is spliced with a cartridge 64 communicated with the side surface of the liquid cylinder 6 through a splicing rod 42, a baffle disc 641 fixedly arranged in the cartridge 64 is fixedly connected with a pressure plate 421, and a backflow pipe communicated with the liquid cylinder 6 is arranged between the baffle disc 641 and the pressure plate 421 on the side surface of the cartridge 64.
The alternate seeder comprises two groups of shoe-type seeding heads 2 which are connected below a feed box 1 in a front-back mode, when the alternate seeder is used for seeding, the front-back spacing and the left-right spacing between the two groups of shoe-type seeding heads 2 are fixed, when seeds enter a seeding plowshare from the feed box 1 connected by a hose at the same time, the seeds can fall into seed holes with fixed relative positions to realize uniform distribution of the seed holes, the bottom end of the feed box 1 is fixedly connected with a cross rod 5, the cross rod 5 is rotationally connected with a suspension rod 3, the bottom end of the suspension rod 3 is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 21, one group of the two groups of shoe-type seeding heads 2 is fixedly connected with the cross rod 5 connected with the suspension rod, the other group of shoe-type seeding heads are slidingly connected with the cross rod 5 connected with the suspension rod, a threaded cylinder 4 which is in threaded connection with the cross rod 5 in a sliding mode is rotated when the positions of the two groups of shoe-type seeding heads 2 are adjusted, so that the suspension rod 3 has an axial sliding allowance relative to the cross rod 5, when the cantilever rod 3 is moved, the threaded cylinder 4 is fastened to make the end of the threaded cylinder 4 collide with the top end of the cantilever rod 3, when the threaded cylinder 4 is rotated, the internal thread 43 at one end of the threaded cylinder 4 rotates relative to the connecting thread 51 on the cross rod 5 to axially move the threaded cylinder 4, the inserted rod 42 is fixed on the rotating ring 41 which is rotationally connected to the outer side of the threaded cylinder 4, the rotating ring 41 and the threaded cylinder 4 are axially fixed through the baffle ring 44, the inserted rod 42 which is fixedly connected to the rotating ring 41 moves relative to the inserted cylinder 64, when the inserted rod 42 moves towards the inside of the inserted cylinder 64, liquid in the liquid cylinder 6 is extruded to be discharged between the inner pressure disc 421 of the inserted cylinder 64 and the baffle disc 641 by the backflow port 65, meanwhile, the pressure is generated to act on the arc rod 63 connected to the end of the liquid cylinder 6, the arc rod 63 slides relative to the liquid cylinder 6 which is fixedly connected to the feed box 1 through the hanging rod 61, so that the cantilever plate fixedly connected to the arc rod 63 rotates around the axis of the cross rod 5 to rotate the boot-type sowing head 2, the front-back spacing of the adjacent plow legs 22 is changed by the relative or opposite rotation of the two boot-type sowing heads 2, and the left-right spacing is changed at the same time, so that the proportion of the seed hole spacing is stable and the adjustment is convenient.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (1)

1. Alternate seeder, its characterized in that:
the alternate seeder comprises a feed box, wherein two cross bars are fixedly connected to the bottom of the feed box, each cross bar is rotationally connected with a group of boot-type seeding heads, and the two groups of boot-type seeding heads are fixedly connected with the feed box through an adjusting and locking mechanism; each group of boot-type sowing heads comprises a plurality of sowing plowshares fixedly connected with a connecting rod, the top end of each sowing plowshare is communicated with a feed box through a hose, and the connecting rod is rotationally connected with a cross rod through a suspension rod; the adjusting and locking mechanism comprises a threaded cylinder in threaded connection with the cross rod, the threaded cylinder is inserted through an inserting cylinder communicated with the side surface of the liquid cylinder through an inserting rod, a baffle disc fixed in the inserting cylinder of the inserting rod is fixedly connected with the pressure plate, and a return pipe communicated with the liquid cylinder is arranged between the baffle disc and the pressure plate on the side surface of the inserting cylinder;
the alternate seeder comprises two groups of boot-type seeding heads which are connected below the feed box in a front-back mode, when the alternate seeder is used for seeding, the front-back spacing and the left-right spacing between the two groups of boot-type seeding heads are fixed, when seeds enter the seeding plowshare through the feed box connected with a hose at the same time, the seeds can fall into seed holes with fixed relative positions, the seed holes are uniformly distributed, the bottom end of the feed box is fixedly connected with a cross rod, the cross rod is rotationally connected with a suspension rod, the bottom end of the suspension rod is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, one group of the two groups of boot-type seeding heads is fixedly connected with the cross rod connected with the suspension rod, the other group of boot-type seeding heads is slidingly connected with the cross rod connected with the suspension rod, when the positions of the two groups of boot-type seeding heads are adjusted, a threaded cylinder in threaded connection with the cross rod is rotated, so that the suspension rod has axial sliding allowance relative to the cross rod, the threaded cylinder is fastened after the suspension rod is moved, the threaded cylinder is made to contact with the top end of the suspension rod, when the threaded cylinder is rotated, the internal thread at one end of the threaded cylinder rotates relative to the connecting thread on the cross rod to axially move the threaded cylinder, the inserted link is fixed on the swivel which is rotationally connected with the outer side of the threaded cylinder, the swivel and the threaded cylinder are axially fixed through the baffle ring, the inserted link which is fixedly connected with the swivel moves relative to the inserted cylinder, when the inserted link moves towards the inside of the inserted cylinder, liquid in the liquid cylinder is extruded by the backflow port to be discharged between the pressure plate and the baffle disc in the inserted cylinder, meanwhile, pressure is generated to act on the arc rod connected with the end part of the liquid cylinder, the arc rod slides relative to the liquid cylinder which is fixedly connected with the feed box through the hanging rod, the hanging plate fixedly connected with the arc rod rotates by taking the axis of the cross rod as the center, the shoe-shaped seeding heads rotate, the front-back spacing between two shoe-shaped seeding heads are oppositely or oppositely rotated to change the front-back spacing between adjacent plow legs, and the left-right spacing is simultaneously changed, the pitch proportion between seed holes is stable, the adjustment is convenient.
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CN113079758B (en) * 2021-04-02 2022-06-28 济宁市农业科学研究院 Planting equipment and planting method for improving yield of soybeans
CN114885649A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-08-12 连云港市农业科学院 Special seeding hopper is planted to banded complex of soybean maize

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