CN112257009A - Method for determining depth of cut hole for blasting tunneling of rock roadway - Google Patents
Method for determining depth of cut hole for blasting tunneling of rock roadway Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for determining the depth of a cut hole in blasting excavation of a rock roadway, relates to the technical field of rock roadway excavation, and can effectively improve the blasting effect and the excavation speed. The method comprises the steps of determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property; and determining the depth of the undercut hole according to the preset common blast hole depth and the preset ultra-deep depth. The invention can be used in the field of rock roadway tunneling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock roadway tunneling, and particularly relates to a method for determining the depth of a cut hole in rock roadway blasting tunneling.
Background
The drilling blasting method is one of the main construction methods for rock roadway tunneling at present, and accounts for more than 95% of the rock roadway construction. In the tunneling construction, the rock roadway drilling and blasting tunneling level is maintained at 70-80 m/month throughout the year, and the normal circulation rate is only 75%; in the vertical shaft excavation project, the drilling and blasting tunneling level is maintained at a low level of 80 m/month throughout the year. The low roadway driving speed becomes a bottleneck limiting the efficient mining of mine resources. Therefore, the realization of the efficient tunneling of the rock roadway blasting is of great significance for relieving the tension contradiction of excavation, shortening the mine construction period and improving the economic benefit.
The key of the drilling and blasting efficient tunneling is the effect of cut blasting. The depth of the cut hole is one of the most basic blasting parameters in rock roadway driving. However, since the eighties of the last century, in China, rock roadway excavation is always carried out at 200 mm ultra-deep depth relative to ordinary blast holes under no condition, so that further improvement of blasting effect and excavation speed is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the depth of a cutting hole for blasting and tunneling in a rock roadway, which can effectively improve the blasting effect and accelerate the tunneling speed of the rock roadway.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for determining the depth of the cut hole for blasting and tunneling of the rock roadway, which comprises the following steps: determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property;
and determining the depth of the undercut hole according to the preset common blast hole depth and the preset ultra-deep depth.
Optionally, the tunneling condition includes at least one of: the rock property of the rock roadway, the section size, the depth of the common blast hole and the cutting form of the cut hole.
Optionally, the determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property includes:
determining the ultra-deep depth according to the following formula:
wherein y is the ultra-deep depth, x is the normal blast hole depth, K1 is an empirical coefficient related to a rock firmness coefficient, K2 is an empirical coefficient related to a roadway section area, K3 is an empirical coefficient related to a non-slotted blast hole depth, and K4 is an empirical coefficient related to a non-slotted blast hole depthEmpirical coefficients relating to the form of the plunge cut, K5 being an empirical coefficient relating to the explosive properties; a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5 are weight coefficients respectively, and a1+a2+a3+a4+a5＝1。
Optionally, the K1 is determined according to the pockels coefficient of rock, the K2 is determined according to the cross-sectional area of rock, the K3 is determined according to the depth of the common blast hole, the K4 is determined according to whether the cut is an oblique-eye cut or a straight-eye cut, and the K5 is determined according to the detonation velocity and the brisance of explosive.
Optionally, the determining of the K4 as the cut form is an oblique-eye cut or a straight-eye cut includes:
if the cut form is an inclined-hole cut, the value range of the K4 is 15-20%, wherein the included angle between the blast hole of the inclined-hole cut and the free surface of the roadway is less than 90 degrees;
if the cutting form is a straight-hole cutting, the value range of the K4 is 20% -25%, wherein the included angle between the blast hole of the oblique-hole cutting and the free surface of the roadway is equal to 90 degrees.
Optionally, the oblique-eye cut comprises a single wedge-shaped cut and/or a double wedge-shaped cut; the straight-hole cut comprises an angular column cut and/or a diamond cut.
Optionally, the ratio of the depth of the cut hole to the depth of the ordinary blast hole is 115% to 125%.
Optionally, the depth of the common blast hole is determined by the following formula:
wherein Lo is a tunneling roadway monthly task, T is the time for completing the tunneling task, N1 is the number of days of working days per month, N2 is the number of working shifts per day, N3 is the number of cycles per shift, eta 1 is the utilization rate of blast holes, and eta 2 is the normal cycle rate.
The method for determining the depth of the cut hole in rock roadway blasting tunneling provided by the embodiment of the invention can determine the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property, and determine the depth of the cut hole according to the preset common blast hole depth and the ultra-deep depth. Therefore, the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole can be determined in a targeted manner according to specific tunneling conditions and different explosives used, so that the depth of the cut hole can be better matched with the depth of a common blast hole, the cut cavity can meet the broken expansion space required by non-cut hole blasting, the utilization rate and blasting effect of blast holes are effectively improved, and the tunneling speed of a rock roadway is accelerated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a depth of a cutting hole in blasting excavation of a rock roadway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of arrangement of rock roadway blast holes in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rock roadway blasthole corresponding to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of one configuration of a vertical rock borehole blasthole arrangement in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the vertical rock borehole blasthole corresponding to fig. 4.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for determining a depth of a cutting hole in rock roadway blasting excavation, including:
s11, determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property;
the cut hole can be used in tunneling and can be generally arranged in the center of a tunnel face. The cut hole can be detonated firstly in blasting so as to throw out the central rock and increase the free face for the surrounding rock, thereby achieving better blasting effect. In order to improve the blasting effect, the cut holes are generally deeper than the surrounding ordinary blast holes, and the explosive is buried deeper. In the embodiment of the invention, the depth of the cut hole beyond the common blast hole is called ultra-deep depth.
The excavation condition may refer to an environmental factor related to vertical shaft excavation or roadway excavation. The explosive property can refer to factors such as the energy released by explosion of the explosive, the release speed of the energy and the like.
And S12, determining the depth of the cutting hole according to the preset common blast hole depth and the preset ultra-deep depth.
After the ultra-deep depth is determined, in this step, the depth of the cut hole can be determined by using the ultra-deep depth and a preset common blast hole depth, for example, the depth of the cut hole is equal to the sum of the ultra-deep depth and the common blast hole depth.
For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, a schematic diagram of arrangement of blast holes in a rock tunnel may be shown in fig. 2, and a corresponding cross-sectional diagram may be shown in fig. 3, referring to fig. 2 and 3, where reference numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are rock tunnel cut holes, and Δ H is an ultra-deep depth of the rock tunnel cut hole. The black fill in the hole indicates the charge, and the diagonal lines indicate the gravel that plugged the hole.
Illustratively, in an embodiment of the present invention, the schematic diagram of arrangement of blast holes in a rock vertical shaft may be as shown in fig. 4, and the corresponding cross-sectional diagram thereof may be as shown in fig. 5, and fig. 4 and 5, wherein reference numerals 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 are rock vertical shaft slotted holes, and Δ H is the ultra-deep depth of the rock vertical shaft slotted holes. The black fill in the hole indicates the charge, and the diagonal lines indicate the gravel that plugged the hole.
The method for determining the depth of the cut hole in rock roadway blasting tunneling provided by the embodiment of the invention can determine the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property, and determine the depth of the cut hole according to the preset common blast hole depth and the ultra-deep depth. Therefore, the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole can be determined in a targeted manner according to specific tunneling conditions and different explosives used, so that the depth of the cut hole can be better matched with the depth of a common blast hole, the cut cavity can meet the broken expansion space required by non-cut hole blasting, the utilization rate and blasting effect of blast holes are effectively improved, and the tunneling speed of a rock roadway is accelerated.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the tunneling conditions include one or more of the following: the rock property of the rock roadway, the section size, the depth of the common blast hole and the cutting form of the cut hole.
In step S11, determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling conditions and the explosive properties may specifically include:
determining the ultra-deep depth according to the following formula:
wherein y is the ultra-deep depth, x is the normal blast hole depth, K1 is an empirical coefficient related to a rock firmness coefficient, K2 is an empirical coefficient related to a roadway section area, K3 is an empirical coefficient related to a non-slotted hole blast hole depth, K4 is an empirical coefficient related to a slotted formation, and K5 is an empirical coefficient related to explosive properties; a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5 are weight coefficients respectively, and a1+a2+a3+a4+a5＝1。
Based on this, the depth L of the cut hole is x + y.
In formula (1), K1 may be determined according to the pockels coefficient of rock, K2 may be determined according to the rock cross-sectional area, K3 may be determined according to the general blast hole depth, K4 may be determined according to whether the cut form is an oblique-eye cut or a straight-eye cut, and K5 may be determined according to the detonation velocity and the brisance of explosive.
Optionally, the determining by K4 according to the cut form being an oblique-eye cut or a straight-eye cut may specifically include:
if the cut form is an inclined-hole cut, the value range of the K4 is 15-20%, wherein the included angle between the blast hole of the inclined-hole cut and the free surface of the roadway is less than 90 degrees;
if the cutting form is a straight-hole cutting, the value range of the K4 is 20% -25%, wherein the included angle between the blast hole of the oblique-hole cutting and the free surface of the roadway is equal to 90 degrees.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the oblique-eye cut may include a single wedge cut and/or a double wedge cut, etc.; the straight-eye cut may comprise a corner-post cut and/or a diamond cut, etc.
For example, in one embodiment of the invention, the K1 may be determined according to the pockels coefficient of rock, the K2 may be determined according to the rock section area, the K3 may be determined according to the general blast hole depth, the K4 may be determined according to the cut form as an oblique-eye cut or a straight-eye cut, and the K5 may be determined according to the detonation velocity and the brisance of explosive. For example, values of the corresponding K value and a value under different influence factors may be as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 value suggestions for K and a values under different influence factors
For example, in an example of the rock roadway of the present invention, the coefficient of prev of the surrounding rock is 4 to 6, the roadway has a rectangular cross section, the clear width × the clear height is 2.70 × 2.75m, and the cross-sectional area S is 7.425m2The depth of a common blast hole is 1.80m, the cut form is a wedge-shaped cut, the explosive adopts three-stage allowable emulsion explosive for coal mines, the detonation velocity is 3500m/s, and the value ranges of the K value and the a value under different influence factors are compared with the suggestion in the table 1In the roadway example, the K1 is determined to be 20% according to the pluronic coefficient of the rock, the a1 is determined to be 20% according to the pluronic coefficient of the rock, the K2 is determined to be 25% according to the rock section area, the a2 is determined to be 20% according to the rock section area, the K3 is determined to be 25% according to the common blast hole depth, the a3 is determined to be 20% according to the common blast hole depth, the K4 is determined to be 20% according to the cut form, the a4 is determined to be 20% according to the cut form, the K5 is determined to be 20% according to the detonation velocity of the explosive, and the a5 is determined to be 20% according to the detonation velocity of the explosive. The calculation according to formula (1) yields y-0.396 m and L-2.196 m in the example.
Optionally, after considering the factors of tunneling conditions and explosive performance, in an embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the depth of the undercut hole to the depth of the normal blast hole may range from 115% to 125%.
The ultra-deep depth is a part of the undercut hole deeper than the ordinary blast hole, and after the ultra-deep depth is determined, the ultra-deep depth can be added on the basis of the ordinary blast hole depth to obtain the undercut hole depth. Wherein, the depth of the common blast hole can be determined by the following formula:
wherein Lo is a tunneling roadway monthly task, T is the time for completing the tunneling task, N1 is the number of days of working days per month, N2 is the number of working shifts per day, N3 is the number of cycles per shift, eta 1 is the utilization rate of blast holes, and eta 2 is the normal cycle rate.
The utilization rate of the blast hole is the ratio of the actual circulating footage to the average depth of the blast hole in the tunneling process, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the normal cycle rate generally refers to the ratio of the normal cycle times of the whole month to the number of working days of the whole month multiplied by the number of cycles of the day specified by the operating rules, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the number of working days in the whole month is the number of days in the current month minus external factors such as holidays, check stops, power failure or other influenced days, and the number of days cannot be counted after the influence time of each day is accumulated.
For example, in one embodiment of the present invention, the tunneling roadway monthly task Lo is 105m, the time T required for completing the tunneling task is 1 month, the number of working days N1 per month is 25 days, the number of working shifts N2 per day is 3, the number of cycles N3 per shift is 1, the actual footage per cycle is 1.56m, the average depth of the blastholes is 1.8m, the blasthole utilization η 1 is 87%, the number of normal cycles per month is 66, the working days per month is 25 days, the number of cycles per day of the operation procedure is 3, the normal cycle η 2 is 88%, and x is 1.83m in the example calculated according to formula (1).
After the depth of the cut hole is determined according to the method, blast holes can be arranged according to design requirements by adopting a drilling mode of an air drill or a hydraulic umbrella drill, wherein the depth of the cut hole is 115% -125% of the ultra-deep length of the non-cut hole, each circle of charged powder adopts common charged powder, the charging coefficient is 0.65-0.75, broken sand is adopted for plugging, the plugging length is not less than 0.5m, the hole depth of each hole is measured after the blast holes are drilled, and whether the hole meets the design requirements is determined. And simultaneously blowing holes in each hole to ensure that no impurities such as stones and the like exist in the blast hole, and detonating according to the detonation sequence of the cutting hole, the auxiliary hole and the peripheral hole to finish the primary detonation of the full section.
The method comprises a semi-empirical formula for determining the depth of the cut hole, wherein the depth of the cut hole consists of two parts, namely the common blast hole depth (x) and the ultra-deep depth (y), and the factors such as lithology, section size, non-cut hole depth, cut form, explosive property and the like are comprehensively considered, so that the appropriate ultra-deep depth of the cut hole is optimized and matched, the cut cavity can meet the free surface and the crushing and expanding space required by non-cut hole blasting, the efficient blasting of the rock roadway is realized, and the tunneling speed of the rock roadway is effectively accelerated.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. The term "comprising", without further limitation, means that the element so defined is not excluded from the group consisting of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
In particular, as for the apparatus embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described separately in terms of functional division into various units/modules. Of course, the functionality of the units/modules may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware implementations of the invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining the depth of a cut hole for blasting and tunneling in a rock roadway is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole according to the tunneling condition and the explosive property;
and determining the depth of the undercut hole according to the preset common blast hole depth and the preset ultra-deep depth.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tunneling conditions include at least one of: the rock property of the rock roadway, the section size, the depth of the common blast hole and the cutting form of the cut hole.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said determining the ultra-deep depth of the cut hole based on the tunneling conditions and the explosive properties comprises:
determining the ultra-deep depth according to the following formula:
wherein y is the ultra-deep depth, x is the normal blast hole depth, K1 is an empirical coefficient related to a rock firmness coefficient, K2 is an empirical coefficient related to a roadway section area, K3 is an empirical coefficient related to a non-slotted hole blast hole depth, K4 is an empirical coefficient related to a slotted formation, and K5 is an empirical coefficient related to explosive properties; a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5 are weight coefficients respectively, and a1+a2+a3+a4+a5＝1。
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein said K1 is determined according to the pockels coefficient of rock, said K2 is determined according to the rock cross-sectional area, said K3 is determined according to the normal blasthole depth, said K4 is determined according to whether the plunge cut form is an oblique-eye plunge cut or a straight-eye plunge cut, and said K5 is determined according to the detonation velocity and the brisance of the explosive.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the K4 determining from the cut form as an oblique-eye cut or a straight-eye cut comprises:
if the cut form is an inclined-hole cut, the value range of the K4 is 15-20%, wherein the included angle between the blast hole of the inclined-hole cut and the free surface of the roadway is less than 90 degrees;
if the cutting form is a straight-hole cutting, the value range of the K4 is 20% -25%, wherein the included angle between the blast hole of the oblique-hole cutting and the free surface of the roadway is equal to 90 degrees.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the oblique-eye plunge cuts comprise single wedge plunge cuts and/or double wedge plunge cuts; the straight-hole cut comprises an angular column cut and/or a diamond cut.
7. A method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the ratio of the depth of the plunge cut hole to the depth of the ordinary blast hole is in the range 115-125%.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the common borehole depth is determined by the formula:
wherein Lo is a tunneling roadway monthly task, T is the time for completing the tunneling task, N1 is the number of days of working days per month, N2 is the number of working shifts per day, N3 is the number of cycles per shift, eta 1 is the utilization rate of blast holes, and eta 2 is the normal cycle rate.
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