CN112255693A - Goaf filling space detection method under coal mine fully mechanized caving coal mining process condition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a goaf filling space detection method under the coal mine fully mechanized caving coal mining process condition, which is characterized in that a high-density electrical method is adopted to detect a stratum within a range of 20-100 m, a transient electromagnetic method is adopted to detect a stratum within a range of 100-300 m, and then a combined apparent resistivity inversion method is adopted to obtain a vertical grading detection result. According to the invention, the difference of a high-density electrical method and a transient electromagnetic method on the vertical detection depth is combined, a combined apparent resistivity inversion method is adopted to carry out vertical grading detection on the filling space under the coal mine fully-mechanized caving process condition, and the size and distribution condition of the space of the caving zone and the cavity, the crack and the like of the fractured zone which can be used for coal gangue particle grade filling are revealed, so that the problem that the filling space of the goaf under the coal mine fully-mechanized caving process condition is difficult to quantitatively estimate is solved, and the detection precision is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal mining filling technology, in particular to a goaf filling space detection method under the condition of a coal mine fully mechanized caving coal mining process.
Background
Coal mining and filling technology in China becomes the main trend of green and efficient coal mining, wherein the coal mining and filling technology can be divided into fully mechanized mining technology and fully mechanized caving technology. The filling technology under the condition of the fully mechanized mining process is relatively mature, the filling is only limited in a rear goaf pushed by a coal face, and the full-filling space exploration is hardly required; the filling technology under the fully mechanized caving process condition is still in a starting stage, and the filling space comprises a goaf and an upper caving zone, so that the exploration requirement on the fillable space is large.
For coal mines adopting the fully mechanized coal mining process, the original gangue particle level filling technology can effectively solve the green filling problem of the gangue in the coal mines. The original gangue particle-level filling mainly solves the problem of how to clearly define the filling space, which is different from a common goaf exploration method, and not only needs to solve the containable space in the goaf, but also needs to consider the containable space generated by the development of a fractured zone above an caving zone. The prediction of the distribution and the size of the space of the caving zone and the upper fractured zone of the fully mechanized caving face of the coal mine has become one of the key problems of the original gangue particle-level filling technology.
At present, the domestic coal mine goaf space mainly exploration methods comprise geophysical methods such as seismic exploration, transient electromagnetic method exploration, geoelectromagnetic method exploration and the like. The seismic exploration method adopts an artificial earthquake mode and finds out the underground condition through seismic wave propagation; the transient electromagnetic method exploration adopts a ground device to excite an electromagnetic field, when the excited electromagnetic field changes, the electromagnetic field penetrating through the stratum can cause an underground conductor to generate current so as to generate a secondary magnetic field, and the underground condition is proved by measuring the amount of the secondary magnetic field; the exploration of the geoelectromagnetic method is to utilize a natural alternating electromagnetic field to research the electrical structure of the earth, and can be divided into a natural field source and an artificial field source, and the observation value of a ground electromagnetic field has different penetration depths due to the action of electromagnetic induction, so that the information of the resistivity distribution of formations at different underground depths is inverted, and the underground condition is proved. In general, the goaf exploration method belongs to a geophysical method basically and has independence and applicability. Each of the above probing methods has its own limitations, and cannot obtain high probing accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a goaf filling space detection method under the coal mine fully mechanized caving coal mining process condition, and the vertical exploration precision is improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a goaf filling space detection method under the coal mine fully mechanized caving coal mining process condition is characterized in that a high-density electrical method is adopted to detect a stratum within a range of 20-100 m, a transient electromagnetic method is adopted to detect a stratum within a range of 100-300 m, and then a combined apparent resistivity inversion method is adopted to obtain a vertical grading detection result.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring data by adopting a high-density electrical method to obtain data of a stratum within a range of 20-100 m; acquiring data by adopting a transient electromagnetic method, and intercepting the data of the stratum within the range of 100-300 m;
step 2, performing joint apparent resistivity inversion on the data of the stratum within the range of 20-100 m obtained by a high-density electrical method and the data of the stratum within the range of 100-300 m obtained by a transient electromagnetic method under the constraint of a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model to obtain a vertical grading detection result;
and 3, explaining the detection result obtained by the joint apparent resistivity inversion and calculating the goaf filling space.
Further, step 2 specifically includes:
(1) construction of a phased model: establishing a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model which accords with the actual geological condition according to the sedimentary stratum sequence stratigraphy principle by utilizing a logging curve resistivity curve;
(2) forward modeling: deducing the electromagnetic response of the horizontal laminar earth surface return line source under the excitation of step current according to the constructed sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model and a Maxwell equation set of an alternating electromagnetic field; then obtaining time domain induced voltage response through inverse Fourier transform or inverse G-S Laplace transform; providing reference basis for inversion calculation of optimal related parameters;
(3) and (3) inversion calculation: under the constraint of a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model, the data of the high-density electrical method is inverted by using a smooth constrained Gaussian-Newton least square inversion technique, and the data of the transient electromagnetic method is inverted by using a particle swarm algorithm inversion technique, so that apparent resistivity is inverted.
Further, step 3 comprises:
according to regional geology, well drilling data and a goaf caving and caving geological theory, performing vertical and transverse spatial distribution interpretation and volume prediction on a stratum sunken and bending zone, a fracture zone and a caving zone on the obtained detection result;
according to the explained and predicted space volume, the space volume can be accommodated according to the ranges of the vertically different porosity goafs of the stratum bending zone, the fracture zone and the caving zone.
Preferably, the survey lines in the observation system adopted for detection comprise a plurality of main survey lines and a plurality of connecting lines; the main measuring line is arranged along the direction of the coal face, and the connecting line is arranged perpendicular to the main measuring line.
Furthermore, during detection, data acquisition work of all the measuring lines is completed in sequence in a mode of firstly main measuring lines and then connecting lines.
Preferably, during detection, the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method both adopt a measuring point interval of 1-2 meters for data acquisition.
Preferably, the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method use the same observation system and measurement point for measurement.
Preferably, the high-density electrical method adopts far-pole power supply, and the measuring electrodes adopt an intelligent combination alternate change mode to obtain measuring data; the transient electromagnetic method adopts a point-by-point measurement method to acquire data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention combines the difference of the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method in the vertical detection depth, the detection depth of the high-density electrical method is about 100m at most, and the detection precision of the stratum with the depth of more than 100m is very low; the signal of the transient electromagnetic method within 100m is very weak, and the detection precision is low; therefore, the high-density electrical method is adopted to detect the stratum within the range of 20-100 m, and the transient electromagnetic method is adopted to detect the stratum within the range of 100-300 m, so that the advantages of the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method are taken into consideration, the two methods are effectively combined, and the vertical exploration precision is improved.
Furthermore, by adopting the constraint inversion of the sedimentary sequence stratigraphy phased-controlled model, the inverted apparent resistivity result is more in line with the actual geological condition.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an observation system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The basic principle of the detection method is a geophysical electrical method magnetic exploration method, the difference of a high-density electrical method and a transient electromagnetic method on the vertical detection depth is combined, a combined apparent resistivity inversion method is adopted to carry out vertical grading detection on a filling space under the coal mine fully-mechanized caving process condition, the size and distribution conditions of the space of a goaf caving zone and a fissure zone, which can be used for coal gangue particle grade filling, are disclosed, the problem that the goaf filling space under the coal mine fully-mechanized caving process condition is difficult to quantitatively estimate is solved, and the detection precision is improved. The detection method provided by the invention has the advantages that the detection precision of the containable space of the caving zone and the fissure zone of the coal mine goaf is considered, and a novel method for basic space estimation is provided for novel green filling mining of mines.
The invention has two obvious improvements compared with the conventional geophysical detection method: (1) the aim of vertical grading exploration of a goaf caving zone and a fractured zone is fulfilled by combining a high-density electrical method and a transient electromagnetic method; (2) and by adopting the constraint inversion of the sedimentary sequence stratigraphy phased-controlled model, the inverted apparent resistivity result is more consistent with the actual geological condition.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
the data grading acquisition method comprises the following steps: the high-density electrical method adopts an electrode spacing of 1-2 meters to collect data and detect the stratum within a range of 20-100 m; the transient electromagnetic method adopts 1-2 m space, and the small coil transmits and receives to detect the stratum within the range of 100-300 m.
A joint apparent resistivity inversion method: and realizing the joint apparent resistivity inversion of the vertical grading data of the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method by adopting the sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control constraint.
Integral explanation: the distribution explanation of the fillable spaces such as the cavities, cracks and the like of the goaf and the upper caving zone can be considered at the same time by the achievement section through the joint inversion.
Specifically, the vertical grading detection method comprises the following steps:
1. observation system design
The survey lines in the observation system comprise a plurality of main survey lines and a plurality of connecting lines. The main survey line is designed to be arranged along the trend of the coal face (or main structure), and the connecting line is designed to be arranged perpendicular to the main survey line to form a grid survey line observation system. The high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method both adopt a 1-2 meter interval to carry out data acquisition, namely, data are acquired on a main measuring line and a connecting line at an interval of 1-2 meters, or the interval between two adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line is 1-2 meters. The view system is schematically shown in FIG. 1.
2. Data acquisition
During collection, the survey lines are arranged according to the design of an observation system, and the data collection work of all the survey lines is completed in sequence in a mode of firstly main survey lines and then connecting lines.
(1) High density electrical method: direct current (or ultralow frequency current) is supplied to the underground by using a power supply electrode (A, B), meanwhile, a potential difference (delta Umn) is measured between a measuring electrode (M, N), and the electrode distance between a measuring electrode M and a measuring electrode N is 1-2M. A group of measuring electrodes M and measuring electrodes N can be arranged, and during measurement, after measurement at one measuring point is completed, the measuring electrodes M and the measuring electrodes N are respectively moved to the next measuring point along the set direction of a measuring line (a main measuring line or a connecting line) according to the specified electrode spacing (for example, 1-2 meters) to measure the potential difference (delta Umn). The electrodes can be arranged at one time according to a single measuring line, and the data acquisition can be efficiently completed by adopting a mode of alternately selecting two measuring electrodes by an intelligent control algorithm.
(2) Transient electromagnetic method: a pulsed primary electromagnetic field is transmitted underground at one measurement point by means of a non-grounded loop, the spatial and temporal distribution of the secondary electromagnetic field generated by the underground eddy currents induced by the pulsed electromagnetic field is measured by means of a coil, and then the coil is moved to the next measurement point for measurement.
3. Data processing
And (3) carrying out optimization processing on two kinds of data acquired by a high-density electrical method and a transient electromagnetic method according to the flow of preprocessing, filtering, distortion value elimination and noise suppression respectively. The high-density electrical method obtains the data of the stratum within the range of 20-100 m, and the data of the stratum within the range of 100-300 m are intercepted from the data collected by the transient electromagnetic method for subsequent steps.
4. Apparent resistivity inversion
(1) Construction of a phased model: establishing a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model which accords with the actual geological condition according to the sedimentary stratum sequence stratigraphy principle by utilizing a logging curve resistivity curve;
(2) forward modeling: deducing the electromagnetic response of the horizontal laminar earth surface return line source under the excitation of step current according to the constructed sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model and a Maxwell equation set of an alternating electromagnetic field; then, obtaining time domain induced voltage response through inverse Fourier transform or inverse G-S Laplace transform; providing reference basis for inversion calculation of optimal related parameters;
(3) and (3) inversion calculation: under the constraint of a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model, a high-density electrical method uses a smooth-constrained Gaussian-Newton least square inversion technique, a transient electromagnetic method uses a particle swarm algorithm inversion technique, and inversion of apparent resistivity is carried out to obtain a vertical grading detection result.
5. Comprehensive interpretation of geology
And performing vertical and transverse spatial distribution interpretation and volume prediction on the obtained vertical grading detection result according to regional geology, well drilling data and caving collapse geological theory of the goaf.
6. Goaf fillable space volume calculation
According to the explained and predicted space volume, the size of the receivable space volume in the goaf range with the acceptable error is calculated according to the vertically different porosities (space coefficients) of the stratum bending zone, the fracture zone and the caving zone, so that a basis is provided for the original gangue particle-level filling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) vertical grading exploration of a caving zone, a crack zone and a sinking bending zone above a coal face is solved; 2) the method has the advantages of both the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method, and effectively combines the two methods, so that the vertical probing precision is improved; 3) the method can effectively calculate the size of the space of the goaf caving zone and the fissure zone which can be used for filling the gangue particles under the condition of the coal mine fully-mechanized caving mining process; 4) the method can provide design parameters such as drilling position, drilling depth, drilling process and the like for filling the drill hole, and improve the filling efficiency and the filling amount of gangue particle grade.
Claims (9)
1. A goaf filling space detection method under the coal mine fully mechanized caving coal mining process condition is characterized in that a high-density electrical method is adopted to detect a stratum within a range of 20-100 m, a transient electromagnetic method is adopted to detect a stratum within a range of 100-300 m, and then a combined apparent resistivity inversion method is adopted to obtain a vertical grading detection result.
2. A gob filling space detection method under coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process conditions according to claim 1, comprising:
step 1, acquiring data by adopting a high-density electrical method to obtain data of a stratum within a range of 20-100 m; acquiring data by adopting a transient electromagnetic method, and intercepting the data of the stratum within the range of 100-300 m;
step 2, performing joint apparent resistivity inversion on the data of the stratum within the range of 20-100 m obtained by a high-density electrical method and the data of the stratum within the range of 100-300 m obtained by a transient electromagnetic method under the constraint of a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model to obtain a vertical grading detection result;
and 3, explaining the detection result obtained by the joint apparent resistivity inversion and calculating the goaf filling space.
3. The method for detecting the goaf filling space under the coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process condition according to claim 2, wherein the step 2 specifically comprises:
(1) construction of a phased model: establishing a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model which accords with the actual geological condition according to the sedimentary stratum sequence stratigraphy principle by utilizing a logging curve resistivity curve;
(2) forward modeling: deducing the electromagnetic response of the horizontal laminar earth surface return line source under the excitation of step current according to the constructed sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model and a Maxwell equation set of an alternating electromagnetic field; then obtaining time domain induced voltage response through inverse Fourier transform or inverse G-S Laplace transform; providing reference basis for inversion calculation of optimal related parameters;
(3) and (3) inversion calculation: under the constraint of a sedimentary stratum sequence vertical phase control model, the data of the high-density electrical method is inverted by using a smooth constrained Gaussian-Newton least square inversion technique, and the data of the transient electromagnetic method is inverted by using a particle swarm algorithm inversion technique, so that apparent resistivity is inverted.
4. A method for detecting a goaf filling space under the condition of a coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process according to claim 2, wherein the step 3 comprises:
according to regional geology, well drilling data and a goaf caving and caving geological theory, performing vertical and transverse spatial distribution interpretation and volume prediction on a stratum sunken and bending zone, a fracture zone and a caving zone on the obtained detection result;
according to the explained and predicted space volume, the space volume can be accommodated according to the ranges of the vertically different porosity goafs of the stratum bending zone, the fracture zone and the caving zone.
5. The method for detecting the goaf filling space under the condition of the coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process according to claim 1, wherein survey lines in an observation system adopted for detection comprise a plurality of main survey lines and a plurality of connecting lines; the main measuring line is arranged along the direction of the coal face, and the connecting line is arranged perpendicular to the main measuring line.
6. A method for detecting a goaf filling space under the condition of a coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process according to claim 5, wherein during detection, data acquisition of all survey lines is completed in sequence in a mode of a main survey line and a connecting line.
7. The method for detecting the goaf filling space under the coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process condition according to claim 1, wherein during detection, a high-density electrical method and a transient electromagnetic method both adopt a measuring point interval of 1-2 meters for data acquisition.
8. The method for detecting the goaf filling space under the coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process condition according to claim 1, wherein the high-density electrical method and the transient electromagnetic method adopt the same observation system and measurement point for measurement.
9. The method for detecting the goaf filling space under the coal mine fully mechanized caving mining process condition according to claim 1, wherein a high-density electrical method adopts far-pole power supply, and measuring electrodes adopt an intelligent combination alternate change mode to obtain measuring data; the transient electromagnetic method adopts a point-by-point measurement method to acquire data.
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| CN113805248A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-12-17 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive detection method for spontaneous combustion area of coal mine |
| CN113805248B (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2024-03-15 | 中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司 | Comprehensive detection method for spontaneous combustion area of coal mine |
| CN116520451A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-08-01 | 四川阳光上元能源技术有限公司 | Underground goaf detection method based on quantum detection technology |
| CN116520451B (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2024-03-12 | 四川阳光上元能源技术有限公司 | Underground goaf detection method based on quantum detection technology |
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