CN112253027B - Ocean abandonment well head cutting device based on plasma arc cutting - Google Patents
Ocean abandonment well head cutting device based on plasma arc cutting Download PDFInfo
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- CN112253027B CN112253027B CN202011135787.4A CN202011135787A CN112253027B CN 112253027 B CN112253027 B CN 112253027B CN 202011135787 A CN202011135787 A CN 202011135787A CN 112253027 B CN112253027 B CN 112253027B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
- E21B29/12—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground specially adapted for underwater installations
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a marine abandoned wellhead cutting device based on plasma arc cutting and application thereof, comprising a supporting mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a guiding mechanism; the supporting mechanism is used for providing underground support for the whole device, the lower rotating mechanism of the supporting mechanism is located at the center of the sleeve, the rotating mechanism is used for driving the feeding mechanism and the cutting mechanism to rotate so as to achieve the purpose of annular cutting of the sleeve, the feeding mechanism is used for adjusting the distance between the cutting mechanism and the inner wall of the sleeve, the cutting mechanism is used for generating high-temperature plasma arc to achieve cutting operation, the guiding mechanism provides guidance for the whole device, and the device can be guaranteed to be smoothly placed along the axial direction of the sleeve. The wellhead cutting device has the advantages of simple and compact structure, good stability, low equipment manufacturing cost, wide application range, cutting force by using plasma arcs, no vibration, high cutting efficiency, no pollution, capability of greatly reducing the operation cost, good economic benefit and market value and popularization and application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ocean abandoned wellhead cutting device based on plasma arc cutting, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling and production equipment.
Background
At present, with the development of the marine oil production industry, a large number of offshore oil production platforms are built in the marine field, the offshore oil production platforms have service life, the offshore oil production platforms need to be dismantled when the service life is reached, the dismantling of the offshore oil production platforms comprises the link of dismantling a seabed abandoned wellhead, according to relevant regulations in China, a casing cement ring which is four meters below a mud line and comprises an underwater wellhead system needs to be cut and recovered for the offshore abandoned wellhead, and any artificial structures cannot be left above the mud line. Therefore, special marine abandonment cutting and recovery devices are required to accomplish this task. At present, methods for cutting seabed abandoned wells at home and abroad mainly comprise mechanical cutting, abrasive water jet cutting, energy-gathered cutting and the like.
The mechanical cutting mainly uses a hydraulic cutter to cut the casing, and is a traditional cutting method, the method has the main defects that the cutting force is large during cutting, the device vibrates obviously, the cutter is worn quickly, the cutter is broken underwater and is not easy to replace, and in addition, the mechanical cutting is easy to generate eccentricity for an eccentric multi-layer casing cement ring structure. Abrasive water jet cutting is mainly characterized in that high-pressure water jet is mixed with high-hardness abrasive particles, the abrasive particles are sprayed to the wall surface of a sleeve together through high-pressure water, pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy of the abrasive particles and water, and the sleeve is continuously eroded, so that cutting operation is completed. The cumulative cutting is to use explosive to blast the casing, the blasting process is not easy to control, and the environmental pollution is generated, so the cumulative cutting is not suitable for cutting the submarine wellhead casing. In addition, chinese patent document CN102513645A discloses a device for cutting a deep water casing by using an electric arc, which has the advantages that the cutting method belongs to non-contact cutting, the cutting force is small, no device vibration is generated, the processing efficiency of the electric arc is high, and no pollution is generated in the cutting process.
Therefore, a set of special marine abandoned wellhead cutting equipment needs to be designed, the defects of the cutting method are overcome, the requirements on economy, reliability, stability, high efficiency and environmental friendliness in the marine abandoned wellhead cutting operation are met, and the aim of reducing the operation cost is fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a marine abandoned wellhead cutting device based on plasma arc cutting, aiming at the defects of high cutting cost, low efficiency, large cutting force, large vibration, poor stability, pollution and the like in the existing marine abandoned wellhead cutting technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a marine abandoned wellhead cutting device based on plasma arc cutting comprises a supporting mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a guiding mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the supporting mechanism, the feeding mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the rotating mechanism, and the cutting mechanism and the guiding mechanism are arranged on the feeding mechanism;
the supporting mechanism is used for supporting the whole device on the inner wall of a wellhead casing, so that the degree of freedom of the whole device in the casing is limited, a rotating mechanism at the lower part of the device is ensured to be positioned in the center of the casing, and the cutting operation is ensured to be carried out stably;
the rotating mechanism is used for driving the feeding mechanism and the cutting mechanism to rotate, so that annular cutting is realized;
the feeding mechanism is used for driving the cutting mechanism to realize feeding towards the direction of the pipe wall, so as to adjust the distance between the cutting mechanism and the inner wall of the sleeve and ensure that the cutting operation has enough cutting depth;
the cutting mechanism is used for generating plasma arcs with highly concentrated energy and used for cutting the casings in the abandoned well mouth;
the guide mechanism is used for guiding the whole device, so that the whole device can be smoothly placed along the direction of the casing, meanwhile, the cutting mechanism and the feeding mechanism which are positioned above the guide mechanism are protected, and the cutting mechanism and the feeding mechanism are prevented from directly colliding with the pipe wall when the device is placed.
Preferably, the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting cylinder, a steel wire rope, a movable disc, a fixed disc, a connecting disc, lug seats, a long connecting rod, a short connecting rod and a clamping jaw, the supporting cylinder is located at the axial center of the supporting mechanism and used for providing supporting driving force for the supporting mechanism, the movable disc is arranged at the top of a piston rod of the supporting cylinder and can reciprocate along the axial direction of the cylinder along with the piston rod, the fixed disc is arranged at the top of a cylinder body of the supporting cylinder, the connecting disc is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body of the supporting cylinder and used for connecting the supporting mechanism with a rotating mechanism at the lower part of the supporting cylinder, three steel wire ropes are arranged on the fixed disc and used for placing the whole device to a specified position in a submarine casing and lifting the whole device to be above the sea surface after cutting is completed, the six lug seats are respectively arranged on the fixed disc and the movable disc, one connecting rod is arranged on each lug seat, one end, close to the wall surface of the casing, of the connecting rod is provided with one clamping jaw through the extending action of the piston rod of the cylinder, the driving force is transmitted to the clamping jaw and tightly attached to the inner wall of the casing, and other components are connected and fixed through a pin.
Further preferred, the three ear seats that arrange up on above-mentioned movable disk and the fixed disk, three arranging down, and along the angular distribution such as movable disk and fixed disk circumferencial direction, movable disk upper end ear seat sets up short connecting rod, and the lower extreme ear seat sets up long connecting rod, and fixed disk upper end ear seat sets up long connecting rod, and the lower extreme ear seat sets up short connecting rod. The advantage of doing so is, the motion of stretching out of utilizing a cylinder, two-layer support about can realizing for the supporting effect is more stable, and take place to interfere between connecting rod and driving disk and the price fixing when can avoiding mechanical motion, enlarges the home range of connecting rod, and then enlarges the support range to whole device, has also lengthened the distance between the upper and lower two-layer support simultaneously, further optimizes the supporting effect.
Further preferably, above-mentioned wire rope is in the angular distribution such as price fixing circumferencial direction, and the hole that corresponds the position on the driven plate passes the driving disk, and the benefit of doing so is that the pulling force of carrying on the wire rope directly transmits the cylinder body for through the price fixing, has avoided the driving disk of being connected with support cylinder piston rod, does not influence the work of support cylinder piston rod.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a speed reducing stepping motor which is fixedly connected to a connecting disc of the supporting mechanism through a bolt and is used for driving the lower feeding mechanism to rotate, and the rotating speed of the speed reducing stepping motor is controlled through a set control program, so that the rotating speed of the speed reducing stepping motor is well matched with the cutting speed of the cutting mechanism, and at least one layer of sleeve can be cut off smoothly in one operation.
Preferably, the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding cylinder, a support frame, a slide rod, a head slide cylinder, a tail slide cylinder, a secondary slide cylinder, a pulley, a clamping sleeve and a spring, wherein the slide rod is arranged on the support frame and is in threaded connection with the head slide cylinder, the tail slide cylinder, the secondary slide cylinder, the pulley, the clamping sleeve and the spring are arranged on the support frame, the head slide cylinder and the tail slide cylinder can slide along the axial direction of the slide rod, the feeding cylinder is arranged between the head slide cylinder and the tail slide cylinder and is fixedly connected through threads and used for providing feeding driving force, the spring is arranged on a piston rod of the feeding cylinder and plays a buffering role, the pulley is arranged at the upper end of the head slide cylinder and can roll along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the sleeve, the clamping sleeve is arranged at the lower end of the head slide cylinder and is used for clamping the plasma generator, the secondary slide cylinder and the spring are arranged on the tail slide cylinder and can slide along the tail slide cylinder, the pulley is arranged on the secondary slide cylinder and can roll along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the sleeve, when the feeding cylinder is ventilated, the cylinder drives the head slide cylinder and the tail slide cylinder and the secondary slide cylinder and the pulley and the sleeve to be ready for compressing the tail cylinder to be ready for cutting the tail and completing the operation of the feeding cylinder.
Further preferably, the springs are arranged between the piston rod of the feeding cylinder and the head sliding barrel and between the tail sliding barrel and the secondary sliding barrel respectively, so that the spring can buffer the impact force generated at the moment when the pulley is in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve, the structural stress of the feeding mechanism is improved, and meanwhile, the pulley also plays a role in guiding and assisting in righting, so that the cutting operation is more stable.
Preferably, the cutting mechanism comprises a special underwater plasma generator, an outlet plug and a ventilation and electrifying pipeline, wherein the plasma generator can generate plasma arcs with highly concentrated energy and is used for realizing cutting operation, the outlet plug is arranged in a cutting sleeve of the feeding mechanism, the position of the outlet plug in the cutting sleeve is adjustable, the fixed distance between the foremost end of the plasma generator and the inner wall of a sleeve is convenient to adjust during cutting operation, the outlet plug is arranged at an air outlet at the foremost end of the plasma generator and is used for preventing seawater from flowing backwards into the plasma generator before cutting operation, high-pressure gas is sprayed out through the air outlet of the plasma generator when cutting operation is carried out, the outlet plug is pushed open, the cutting operation is started, the ventilation and electrifying pipeline is arranged at the tail part of the plasma generator from the position above the sea surface to be cut and is used for supplying air and power to the plasma generator so as to generate the plasma arcs, and a check valve is further arranged near the tail part, connected with the plasma generator, inside the ventilation pipeline, and used for preventing seawater from flowing backwards.
Preferably, the guiding mechanism comprises a cone frustum-shaped metal shell and an underwater camera, the cone frustum-shaped metal shell is installed at the bottom end of the supporting frame of the feeding mechanism and used for providing guidance for the device when the device is placed down, so that the device can be smoothly placed down along the axial direction of the sleeve, and the underwater camera is installed at the upper end of the cone frustum-shaped metal shell and used for observing the process of underwater cutting operation and judging whether the plasma arc is successfully sprayed out or not and whether the sleeve is successfully cut off or not.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional processing method, the plasma arc can cut metal and nonmetal, does not generate cutting force, has extremely high cutting speed, can greatly shorten the operation time, and does not generate any pollutant in the cutting process, so the plasma arc is environment-friendly and efficient for cutting the wellhead sleeve.
2. The supporting mechanism adopts double-layer six-jaw type support, can stably restrict the degree of freedom of the whole device in an underground casing, and the six jaws are driven by one air cylinder.
3. The pulley is arranged in the feeding mechanism, so that the plasma generator can be prevented from being directly contacted with the inner wall of the sleeve to play a role in protection, the pulley also plays a role in assisting in righting, so that the cutting operation is stably carried out, the spring in the feeding mechanism can buffer the collision of the pulley and the inner wall of the sleeve at the moment of contact, and the structural stress of the feeding mechanism can be improved.
4. The underwater cutting device has the advantages of simple and compact structure and good stability, can transmit underwater cutting pictures through the underwater camera, monitors the process of cutting work, and is convenient for real-time adjustment of parameters such as current, voltage, air inflow, air inlet pressure and the like of the plasma generator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a support mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a rotating mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a guiding mechanism in the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a support mechanism; 2. a rotation mechanism; 3. a feeding mechanism; 4. a cutting mechanism; 5. a guide mechanism; 6. a support cylinder; 7. a wire rope; 8. a movable plate; 9. fixing a disc; 10. connecting the disc; 11. an ear mount; 12. a long connecting rod; 13. a short connecting rod; 14. a claw; 15. a deceleration stepping motor; 16. a feed cylinder; 17. a support frame; 18. a slide bar; 19. a head slide; 20. a tail slide cylinder; 21. a secondary slide cylinder; 22. a pulley; 23. a card sleeve; 24. a spring; 25. a plasma generator; 26. an outlet plug; 27. a ventilation and electrification pipeline; 28. a metal housing in the shape of a truncated cone; 29. provided is an underwater camera.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of a marine abandoned wellhead cutting device based on plasma arc cutting, which comprises a supporting mechanism 1, a rotating mechanism 2, a feeding mechanism 3, a cutting mechanism 4 and a guiding mechanism 5, wherein the rotating mechanism 2 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the supporting mechanism 1, the feeding mechanism 3 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating mechanism 2, and the cutting mechanism 4 and the guiding mechanism 5 are arranged on the feeding mechanism 3;
the supporting mechanism 1 is used for providing underground support for the whole device, limiting the degree of freedom of the whole device in a sleeve, ensuring that the lower rotating mechanism 2 is positioned in the center of the sleeve and ensuring that the cutting operation is stably carried out;
the rotating mechanism 2 is used for driving the feeding mechanism 3 and the cutting mechanism 4 to rotate so as to achieve the purpose of annular cutting of the wellhead casing;
the feeding mechanism 3 is used for driving the cutting mechanism 4 to move towards the direction of the pipe wall so as to adjust the distance between the cutting mechanism 4 and the inner wall of the sleeve;
the cutting mechanism 4 is used for generating high-temperature plasma arc to realize cutting operation;
the guide mechanism 5 is used for guiding the whole device, ensures that the device can be smoothly placed along the axial direction of the casing pipe, and simultaneously protects the cutting mechanism 4 and the feeding mechanism 3, so that the cutting mechanism is prevented from directly colliding with the inner wall of the casing pipe.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the supporting mechanism of the present invention, the supporting mechanism 1 includes a supporting cylinder 6, a steel wire 7, a movable disc 8, a fixed disc 9, a connecting disc 10, an ear seat 11, a long connecting rod 12, a short connecting rod 13 and a jaw 14, the jaw 14 is connected with the long connecting rod 12 and the short connecting rod 13 through a pin, the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the ear seat 11 through a pin, the ear seat 11 is fixed on the movable disc 8 and the fixed disc 9 through a screw, the movable disc 8 is fixed on the top of a piston rod of the supporting cylinder 6 through a screw, the fixed disc 9 is fixed on the top of a cylinder body of the supporting cylinder 6 through a screw, the movable disc 8 is driven to drive the long connecting rod 12, the short connecting rod 13 and the jaw 14 to move through the extending action of the piston rod of the supporting cylinder 6, so that the jaw 14 can be tightly attached to the wall surface of the sleeve, the freedom of the whole device is limited, the supporting action is completed, when the cutting operation is completed, the piston rod of the supporting cylinder 6 is retracted, the jaw 14 can leave the sleeve wall surface, the supporting task is completed, the steel wire 7 is fixed on the fixed disc 9 through a hole on the bottom of the supporting cylinder body 8, the supporting cylinder body and the supporting cylinder is connected with the bottom of the device through a designated position of the device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the rotating mechanism, the feeding mechanism, the cutting mechanism and the guiding mechanism in the present invention, wherein the rotating mechanism 2 includes a speed-reducing stepping motor 15, which is fixed to the connecting disc 10 of the supporting mechanism 1 through bolts and functions to drive the feeding mechanism 3 and the cutting mechanism 4 below to rotate, so as to realize circular cutting of the casing.
The feeding mechanism 3 comprises a feeding cylinder 16, a support frame 17, a slide rod 18, a head slide cylinder 19, a tail slide cylinder 20, a secondary slide cylinder 21, pulleys 22, a cutting sleeve 23 and a spring 24, wherein the support frame 17 is fixed with a rotating shaft of the speed-reducing stepping motor 15 through threads and key connections, the slide rod 18 is fixed on the support frame 17 through threads, the head slide cylinder 19 and the tail slide cylinder 20 are inserted on the slide rod 18 and can axially slide along the slide rod 18, the feeding cylinder 16 is installed between the head slide cylinder 19 and the tail slide cylinder 20 through threads and is used for driving the slide cylinders to slide, the cutting sleeve 23 is fixed on the head slide cylinder 19, the secondary slide cylinder 21 is inserted on the tail slide cylinder 20 and can axially slide along the tail slide cylinder 20, the two pulleys 22 are respectively installed at the foremost ends of the head slide cylinder 19 and the secondary slide cylinder 21, the spring 24 is arranged between the head sliding barrel 19 and the piston rod of the feeding cylinder 16 and between the secondary sliding barrel 21 and the tail sliding barrel 22, so that the effects of buffering and improving the structural stress can be achieved, when the feeding cylinder 16 extends, the head sliding barrel 19 and the tail sliding barrel 20 are driven to move towards the wall surface of the sleeve, the secondary sliding barrel 21, the pulley 22, the ferrule 23 and the spring 24 are driven to feed towards the wall surface of the sleeve, and when the pulley 22 is in contact with the wall surface of the sleeve, the spring 24 on the piston rod of the feeding cylinder 16 and the tail sliding barrel 20 is compressed, so that the feeding action is completed, and the cutting operation is ready.
The cutting mechanism 4 comprises a special underwater plasma generator 25, an outlet plug 26 and a ventilation and electrifying pipeline 27, the plasma generator 25 is clamped on a cutting sleeve 23 of the feeding mechanism 3, the distance between the outlet of the plasma generator and the inner wall of the sleeve can be adjusted by installing the plasma generator on the cutting sleeve 23, the plasma generator is used for generating high-temperature plasma arc and spraying the high-temperature plasma arc to the inner wall of the sleeve to cut the wellhead sleeve, the outlet plug 26 is inserted at the outlet of the plasma generator 25 to play a role of preventing seawater from flowing back into the plasma generator 25 before cutting, the outlet plug 26 is pushed open by compressed air when the cutting operation is started, the plasma arc is sprayed out from a nozzle of the plasma generator 25, the cutting operation is normally carried out, the ventilation and electrifying pipeline 27 is connected to the tail part of the plasma generator 25 from above the sea surface and is used for supplying air and power to the plasma generator 25, and a one-way valve is further arranged at the connecting part of the ventilation and electrifying pipeline 27 and the tail part of the plasma generator 25 and used for preventing seawater from flowing back into the ventilation and electrifying pipeline 27.
The guide mechanism 5 comprises a circular truncated cone-shaped metal shell 28 and an underwater camera 29, the circular truncated cone-shaped metal shell 28 is fixed on the support frame 17 of the feeding mechanism 3 and is mainly used for providing downward guidance for the whole device, meanwhile, the protection is provided for the feeding mechanism 3 and the cutting mechanism 4 at the upper end of the circular truncated cone-shaped metal shell, the feeding mechanism 3 and the cutting mechanism 4 are prevented from colliding with the inner wall of a casing when the device is lowered, and the underwater camera 29 is installed at the upper end of the circular truncated cone-shaped metal shell 28 and is used for monitoring and observing the process of underwater cutting work and judging whether the work is normal or not so as to conveniently adjust the working current, voltage and air pressure of plasma in real time.
This embodiment ocean abandonment well head cutting device based on plasma arc cutting, the plasma arc that accessible energy height was concentrated realizes the cutting operation to well head sheathed tube, and device simple structure uses in a flexible way, and cutting speed is fast and pollution-free, can shorten the activity duration greatly, saves the operating cost.
Claims (5)
1. A marine abandoned wellhead cutting device based on plasma arc cutting is characterized by comprising a supporting mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a guiding mechanism, wherein the rotating mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the supporting mechanism;
wherein the supporting mechanism is used for providing support for the whole device and limiting the freedom degree of the device in the underground, so that the device is positioned at the center of the casing;
the rotating mechanism is used for driving the feeding mechanism and the cutting mechanism to rotate;
the feeding mechanism is used for driving the cutting mechanism to move forwards and backwards towards the direction of the pipe wall;
the cutting mechanism is used for generating plasma arcs and realizing cutting of the wellhead casing;
the guide mechanism is used for providing lowering guide for the whole device;
the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding cylinder, a support frame, a sliding rod, a head sliding cylinder, a tail sliding cylinder, a secondary sliding cylinder, a pulley, a clamping sleeve and a spring, wherein the sliding rod is installed on the support frame, the head sliding cylinder and the tail sliding cylinder are installed on the sliding rod, the sliding cylinder is driven by the feeding cylinder to move, the clamping sleeve is installed on the head sliding cylinder, the secondary sliding cylinder is installed on the tail sliding cylinder, the pulley is installed on the head sliding cylinder and the secondary sliding cylinder, the pulley can be in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve and rolls along the circumferential direction of the sleeve, the guiding and auxiliary righting functions are realized, and the spring is installed between the head sliding cylinder and a piston rod of the feeding cylinder and between the tail sliding cylinder and the secondary sliding cylinder and used for buffering, damping and improving the stress of a structure.
2. The plasma arc cutting-based marine abandoned wellhead cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting cylinder, a steel wire rope, a movable disk, a fixed disk, a connecting disk, lug seats, long connecting rods, short connecting rods and jaws, six jaws on the upper layer and the lower layer are connected with the movable disk through the connecting rods and the lug seats, the movable disk is driven by the supporting cylinder to move up and down, and the jaws on the connecting rods are driven to be tightly attached to the inner wall of the sleeve to realize supporting work.
3. The plasma arc cutting-based marine abandoned wellhead cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating mechanism is a speed reduction stepping motor, and the speed reduction stepping motor is installed on the connecting disc.
4. The plasma arc cutting-based marine abandoned wellhead cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises an underwater dedicated plasma generator, an outlet plug and a ventilation power-on pipeline, the plasma generator is clamped in a clamping sleeve of the feeding mechanism, the position of the plasma generator is adjustable, the outlet plug is inserted at an air outlet of the plasma generator and used for preventing seawater from flowing backwards into the interior of the plasma generator before cutting operation begins, the ventilation power-on pipeline is connected to the tail portion of the plasma generator from above sea level, and a one-way valve is installed at the connection position of the tail portion and used for preventing seawater from flowing backwards into the interior of the ventilation power-on pipeline.
5. The plasma arc cutting-based marine abandoned wellhead cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the guiding mechanism comprises a truncated cone-shaped metal shell and an underwater camera, the truncated cone-shaped metal shell is fixed at the bottom end of the support frame of the feeding mechanism and used for realizing the guiding of the device when the device is placed in the wellhead sleeve, and the underwater camera is installed at the upper end of the truncated cone and used for monitoring and observing the working process of underwater cutting operation, so that a worker can conveniently make judgment and adjust the current, voltage and air pressure working parameters of the plasma generator.
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| CN202011135787.4A CN112253027B (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Ocean abandonment well head cutting device based on plasma arc cutting |
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| CN202011135787.4A CN112253027B (en) | 2020-10-22 | 2020-10-22 | Ocean abandonment well head cutting device based on plasma arc cutting |
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| CN114320200A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-04-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Ocean abandonment well head plasma arc cutting is equipped |
| US11873693B2 (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-01-16 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Cutting a valve within a well stack |
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| CN101982276B (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-02-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Cutting machine in underwater pipeline |
| CN104594170B (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-03-08 | 北京恒通国盛环境管理有限公司 | Pavement maintenance equipment |
| CN204955010U (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-13 | 深圳市蓝海潜水工程有限公司 | Ocean deep water cutting device |
| CN205551745U (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-09-07 | 俞璐 | Semi -automatic oxy arc gas cutting burning torch |
| CN105689785B (en) * | 2016-05-01 | 2017-12-12 | 江苏金猫机器人科技有限公司 | A kind of steel-belt-pipe pipe inner support ring cutting robot |
| CN108772955A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-11-09 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | A kind of high -pressure water cutting Guan Nei executing agencies |
| CN110294089A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-01 | 上海遨拓深水装备技术开发有限公司 | A method of operation is detected for full water tunnel |
| CN111590175A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-28 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Plasma nozzle for cutting petroleum casing pipe |
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