CN112252023A - 一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布,其原料按重量份包括:介孔纤维、汉麻纤维、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺、钛酸四丁酯、异丙醇、乙二胺。本发明公开了上述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括:将汉麻纤维置于氢氧化钠溶液中浸没,再用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;将氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维,加入阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺继续搅拌,过滤,干燥得到二次纤维;搅拌状态下将钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至异丙醇中,调节体系pH值,加入二次纤维继续搅拌,搅拌状态下加入乙二胺,继续搅拌,过滤,洗涤,干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子复合材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
在经历了工业革命带来的“煤烟型空气污染”和“光化学烟雾型空气污染”之后,现代人们开始饱受第三污染期“室内空气污染”的困扰。这些室内的有毒气体通过空气流动被人体吸收,并对人体造成相当的危害,包括对呼吸***、神经***、肝脏、皮肤、内分泌***及免疫***造成损害,导致癌症、胚胎毒性与畸形、感觉器官损伤性退化等疾病。因此如何控制、减少和去除室内有毒气体,优化室内空气质量,已成为保障人们健康生活亟待解决的问题。
家用无纺布在室内覆盖面积广且使用时间长,具有天然的优势。汉麻纤维具有优良吸湿、散湿、透气功能,还具有传热导热速度快,面料质地轻、强力大,静电少,穿着凉爽挺括等优点。汉麻纤维中含大量纤维素,纤维素大分子是由β-D葡萄糖残基以1,4-苷键联结而成,每个葡萄糖残基环中都有三个活泼的羟基,在众多麻纤维中,汉麻纤维最细软且末端呈钝圆状态,使汉麻纤维没有尖锐刺痒感,已逐步受到人们的青睐,将汉麻纤维用于开发室内毒气净化功能类家用无纺布具有独特的优势和应用潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点,而提出的一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布及其制备方法。
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布,其原料按重量份包括:介孔纤维3-7份,汉麻纤维15-25份,氢氧化铝1-2份,氢氧化镁1-2份,阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺1-3份,钛酸四丁酯2-4份,异丙醇30-60份,乙二胺1-2份。
优选地,所述介孔纤维为介孔碳纳米纤维,其中孔径6-10nm的碳纳米纤维含60-80wt%,其余为孔径2-4nm的碳纳米纤维。
上述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将汉麻纤维置于氢氧化钠溶液中浸没,再用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维,搅拌速度为1000-1200r/min,搅拌温度为50-60℃,降速至20-40r/min,加入阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺继续搅拌,过滤,干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至异丙醇中,以200-300r/min的速度搅拌15-25min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌,搅拌状态下加入乙二胺,继续搅拌,过滤,洗涤,干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
优选地,S1中,将汉麻纤维置于氢氧化钠溶液中浸没的具体操作如下:将汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为0.8-1.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没,过滤,洗涤。
优选地,S1中,浸没时间为10-20h。
优选地,S1中,采用清水洗涤2-4次。
优选地,S2中,干燥温度为50-60℃。
优选地,S3中,采用清水洗涤2-4次。
优选地,S3中,干燥温度为40-60℃。
本发明的技术效果如下所示:
本发明将汉麻纤维粉碎后在氢氧化钠中陈化溶胀,可有效去除汉麻纤维杂质,使其原天然结构充分解开,并在纤维表面出现大量的微纳米级沟壑和孔洞,与介孔纳米碳纤维复配,从而有效扩大了纤维的比表面积,并含有大量规则有序贯通的孔道结构,不仅更便于光催化剂-纳米二氧化钛的固载,而且可在材料表面形成有毒气体分子的富集,提高了无纺布材料对有毒气体的捕捉吸附,但经碱浸后纤维极易老化断裂,力学性能变差;经分丝和球磨后,使所得一次纤维尺寸达到纳米级,而氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁在高速搅拌下极易渗入至纤维的细胞腔体内,再配合阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的作用下对纤维进行有序排列并抑制氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁的渗出并持续保留在细胞腔体内,不仅可有效提高纤维和无纺布的力学性能,而且可抑制纤维衰变老化,延长无纺布使用寿命。
本发明将光催化剂-纳米二氧化钛固载于汉麻纤维与介孔纤维表面,以将其对室内有毒气体如甲醛、氨气、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC等进行光催化降解,不仅净化效率极高,而且耐老化使用寿命长,克服可目前汉麻纤维易老化的问题,同时使所得无纺布力学性能优异。
本发明促进了光催化纳米材料对有毒气体的处理效率,实现产品的高效处理性能,进而实现了无纺布净化功能的耐久性,在无纺布最基本作用的基础上,进一步增加了其附加功能,可促进无纺布的功能化发展,具有良好的应用前景,而且所涉及的处理过程操作简单、对设备和处理环境要求不苛刻,同时体系不涉及易燃易爆高挥发高毒性物质,产生污染较小,利于大规模工业化生产。
本发明相对于传统的室内甲醛等有害气体的净化方式,不仅无需添加其他成分,降低了成本,材料可降解,而且避免了毒性问题和生产过程的环保问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解说。
实施例1
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将15kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为1.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没10h,过滤,采用清水洗涤4次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1kg氢氧化铝、2kg氢氧化镁、30kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、3kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1200r/min,搅拌温度为50℃,降速至40r/min,加入1kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌20min,过滤,50℃干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将4kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至30kg异丙醇中,以300r/min的速度搅拌15min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌3min,搅拌状态下加入1kg乙二胺,继续搅拌10min,过滤,采用清水洗涤2次,60℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
实施例2
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将25kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为0.8mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没20h,过滤,采用清水洗涤2次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将2kg氢氧化铝、1kg氢氧化镁、50kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、7kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1000r/min,搅拌温度为60℃,降速至20r/min,加入3kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌10min,过滤,60℃干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将2kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至60kg异丙醇中,以200r/min的速度搅拌25min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌1min,搅拌状态下加入2kg乙二胺,继续搅拌4min,过滤,采用清水洗涤4次,40℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
实施例3
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将17kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为1.15mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没12h,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1.8kg氢氧化铝、1.1kg氢氧化镁、45kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、4kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1050r/min,搅拌温度为58℃,降速至25r/min,加入2.5kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌12min,过滤,57℃干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将2.5kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至50kg异丙醇中,以220r/min的速度搅拌22min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌1.5min,搅拌状态下加入1.9kg乙二胺,继续搅拌6min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,55℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
实施例4
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将23kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为0.85mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没18h,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1.2kg氢氧化铝、1.9kg氢氧化镁、35kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、5kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1150r/min,搅拌温度为52℃,降速至35r/min,加入1.5kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌18min,过滤,537℃干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将3.5kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至40kg异丙醇中,以280r/min的速度搅拌18min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌2.5min,搅拌状态下加入1.1kg乙二胺,继续搅拌8min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,45℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
实施例5
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将19kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为1.1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没14h,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1.6kg氢氧化铝、1.3kg氢氧化镁、42kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、6kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1080r/min,搅拌温度为56℃,降速至28r/min,加入2.2kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌13min,过滤,56℃干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将2.8kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至47kg异丙醇中,以240r/min的速度搅拌21min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌1.8min,搅拌状态下加入1.7kg乙二胺,继续搅拌6.5min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,52℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
实施例6
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将21kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为0.9mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没16h,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1.4kg氢氧化铝、1.7kg氢氧化镁、38kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、5kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1120r/min,搅拌温度为54℃,降速至32r/min,加入1.8kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌17min,过滤,54℃干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将3.2kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至43kg异丙醇中,以260r/min的速度搅拌19min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌2.2min,搅拌状态下加入1.3kg乙二胺,继续搅拌7.5min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,48℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
实施例7
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将20kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没15h,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1.5kg氢氧化铝、1.5kg氢氧化镁、40kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、5kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1100r/min,搅拌温度为55℃,降速至30r/min,加入2kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌15min,过滤,55℃干燥得到二次纤维;所述介孔纤维为介孔碳纳米纤维,其中孔径6-10nm的碳纳米纤维含70wt%,其余为孔径2-4nm的碳纳米纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将3kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至45kg异丙醇中,以250r/min的速度搅拌20min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌2min,搅拌状态下加入1.5kg乙二胺,继续搅拌7min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,50℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
对比例1
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将20kg汉麻纤维采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将1.5kg氢氧化铝、1.5kg氢氧化镁、40kg水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、5kg介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1100r/min,搅拌温度为55℃,降速至30r/min,加入2kg阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺,继续搅拌15min,过滤,55℃干燥得到二次纤维;所述介孔纤维为介孔碳纳米纤维,其中孔径6-10nm的碳纳米纤维含70wt%,其余为孔径2-4nm的碳纳米纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将3kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至45kg异丙醇中,以250r/min的速度搅拌20min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌2min,搅拌状态下加入1.5kg乙二胺,继续搅拌7min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,50℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
对比例2
一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将20kg汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没15h,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,采用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、搅拌状态下将3kg钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至45kg异丙醇中,以250r/min的速度搅拌20min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入一次纤维、5kg介孔纤维,继续搅拌2min,搅拌状态下加入1.5kg乙二胺,继续搅拌7min,过滤,采用清水洗涤3次,50℃干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
其中所述介孔纤维为介孔碳纳米纤维,其中孔径6-10nm的碳纳米纤维含70wt%,其余为孔径2-4nm的碳纳米纤维。
将实施例7和对比例1-2所得环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布进行如下机械性能测试:弯曲长度和抗弯刚度按GB/T18318.1-2009进行测定,样品尺寸为25mm×200mm;断裂强度和断裂伸长率按GB/T3923.1-2013进行测试。
其结果如下:
实施例7 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
克重,g/m2 | 43 | 46 | 40 |
弯曲长度,cm | 2.06 | 2.11 | 2.02 |
抗弯刚度,mN·cm | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.4 |
断裂强度,Mpa | 113.5 | 102.7 | 94.3 |
断裂伸长率,% | 174 | 162 | 168 |
上述弯曲长度越短,抗弯刚度越小,说明无纺布的柔软度越好。
由上表可知:本发明所得无纺布的柔软度适中,而且本发明所得无纺布的断裂强度和断裂伸长率均优于对比例,证实本发明所得无纺布不仅柔软,而且机械性能强。
人工加速紫外老化实验使用QUV/Spray紫外灯型耐候试验机,根据GB/T 16422-2006以及ASTMG 151-2010,设置QUV参数如下:
紫外灯波长为340nm,紫外灯功率0.72W·m2,温度为60℃,湿度为25%,无喷淋和黑箱时间;
对实施例7与对比例1-2所得环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布进行老化试验后,进行机械性能测试;其结果如下:
实施例7 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | |
0d | 113.5 | 102.7 | 94.3 |
10d | 107.3 | 98.5 | 90.6 |
20d | 105.5 | 94.3 | 85.3 |
30d | 103.6 | 90.1 | 80.9 |
40d | 100.1 | 88.6 | 77.4 |
由上表可知:汉麻纤维经碱浸后纤维极易老化断裂,力学性能变差;经分丝和球磨后,使所得一次纤维尺寸达到纳米级,而氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁在高速搅拌下极易渗入至纤维的细胞腔体内,再配合阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺的作用下对纤维进行有序排列并抑制氢氧化铝与氢氧化镁的渗出并持续保留在细胞腔体内,不仅可有效提高纤维的力学性能,而且可抑制纤维衰变老化,纤维使用寿命长。
将实施例7和对比例1-2所得环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布采用土埋法90天,其结果如下:
失重率,% | |
实施例7 | 93 |
对比例1 | 90 |
对比例2 | 95 |
将实施例7和对比例1-2所得环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布置于甲醛初始浓度为0.5mg/m3的密闭环境中,5h后检测各组甲醛去除率,其结果如下:
甲醛去除率,% | |
实施例7 | 87 |
对比例1 | 78 |
对比例2 | 73 |
上述结果证实:本发明所得无纺布可降解性能强,利于保护环境,而且对室内有毒气体如甲醛、氨气、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC等进行光催化降解,净化效率极高。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布,其特征在于,其原料按重量份包括:介孔纤维3-7份,汉麻纤维15-25份,氢氧化铝1-2份,氢氧化镁1-2份,阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺1-3份,钛酸四丁酯2-4份,异丙醇30-60份,乙二胺1-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布,其特征在于,所述介孔纤维为介孔碳纳米纤维,其中孔径6-10nm的碳纳米纤维含60-80wt%,其余为孔径2-4nm的碳纳米纤维。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将汉麻纤维置于氢氧化钠溶液中浸没,再用分丝机离解分丝,球磨得到一次纤维;
S2、将氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、水搅拌均匀,搅拌状态下加入一次纤维、介孔纤维,搅拌速度为1000-1200r/min,搅拌温度为50-60℃,降速至20-40r/min,加入阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺继续搅拌,过滤,干燥得到二次纤维;
S3、搅拌状态下将钛酸四丁酯逐滴加入至异丙醇中,以200-300r/min的速度搅拌15-25min,调节体系pH值为3.2-3.6,加入二次纤维继续搅拌,搅拌状态下加入乙二胺,继续搅拌,过滤,洗涤,干燥,再经气流拉伸、冷却固化、铺完及加固,得到环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布。
4.根据权利要求3所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,将汉麻纤维置于氢氧化钠溶液中浸没的具体操作如下:将汉麻纤维粉碎为粒径为1-10mm的颗粒,置于浓度为0.8-1.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中浸没,过滤,洗涤。
5.根据权利要求4所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,浸没时间为10-20h。
6.根据权利要求4所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,采用清水洗涤2-4次。
7.根据权利要求3所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,干燥温度为50-60℃。
8.根据权利要求3所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,采用清水洗涤2-4次。
9.根据权利要求3所述环保可降解介孔纳米纤维无纺布的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,干燥温度为40-60℃。
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