CN112234632B - Seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method - Google Patents
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 214
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- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
- H02J15/008—Systems for storing electric energy using hydrogen as energy vector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/008—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks involving trading of energy or energy transmission rights
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
Firstly, key characteristics of flexible conversion, charge-discharge decoupling, polymorphic wide-area transmission and the like of seasonal hydrogen energy storage are analyzed, an operation analysis and energy regulation model is established, different requirements of a unified energy system on energy storage functions are analyzed, an energy storage complementary mechanism is formulated, a longest energy continuous loss index is used as a seasonal hydrogen energy storage configuration basis based on the energy storage complementary mechanism, a configuration method of three links of seasonal hydrogen energy storage hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen consumption is provided, and no long-term energy loss of the system after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage configuration is ensured; finally, a seasonal hydrogen energy storage comprehensive evaluation method considering economy, reliability and environmental benefit is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method.
Background
Seasonal energy storage supports energy transfer in a long-time, large-scale and wide-area space range, and is a key technology for coping with long-time intermittent energy supply of a high-proportion renewable energy system. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage system has various structures, hydrogen storage modes and energy conversion and utilization modes, and has better benefit in large-scale and long-period energy storage.
The current mainstream large-scale hydrogen energy storage modes include: (1) a high pressure hydrogen storage tank; (2) storing gaseous hydrogen in the salt cavern; (3) pipeline hydrogen storage; (4) LOHC. Wherein, the high-pressure hydrogen storage on the ground is limited by the material characteristics of the hydrogen storage tank, the storage pressure is generally not more than 10MPa, and the large-scale hydrogen storage occupies large space and has high investment cost; underground salt cavern hydrogen storage is applied in industrial fields in large scale, but the method is limited by geological conditions and cannot be applied to all areas, and has no space transportation property. Pipeline storage comprises natural gas and hydrogen pipeline storage, wherein the natural gas pipeline hydrogen storage is considered as the most economical and effective choice for storing hydrogen in a large scale, hydrogen is directly mixed into the natural gas pipeline and is sent to a thermal load to replace natural gas for burning and heating, so that clean energy consumption space is improved, and carbon emission is reduced. Research shows that the theoretical hydrogen loading volume ratio of the gas pipe network can be up to more than 20%, and the urban gas pipe network hydrogen loading volume ratio can be not lower than 2-5% under the condition that the constraint of user experience is not affected significantly. Under the pressure and diameter conditions of the existing natural gas pipeline, 12 tons of hydrogen can be stored in each kilometer pipeline, and the pipeline transportation cost is about 0.006-0.02 yuan (kg-km) -1 。
At present, many researches are carried out to verify the feasibility of the renewable energy coupling hydrogen energy storage system in the aspects of economy, reliability, environmental protection and the like, and the structures, the optimization methods and the evaluation indexes of the hydrogen energy system are different. However, many researches on the performance and capacity of kW-level grid-connected or grid-disconnected renewable energy coupling hydrogen energy systems are optimized, and researches on large-scale and long-term seasonal hydrogen energy storage of megawatt-level and hundred megawatt-level or more are focused on hydrogen storage bulk technology, so that a planning paradigm of the seasonal hydrogen energy storage for supporting the intrinsically clean and reliable operation of a unified energy system of new energy electric production-hydrogen storage coupling carbon chemical engineering circulation is not formed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, analyzing key features of a basic structure, a hydrogen storage mode and an operation mode of a hydrogen energy storage system and seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
the key features of seasonal hydrogen energy storage are mainly as follows:
(1) Flexible conversion; seasonal hydrogen energy storage systems have four structures: P2H-HES-H2P, P H-HES-H2T, P H-HES-H2G, P H-HES-H2H, can be directly converted into energy substances such as electric energy, heat energy, natural gas and the like: P2H is electric energy to hydrogen energy, HES is a hydrogen storage link, H2P is hydrogen energy to electric energy, H2G is hydrogen energy to gas energy, H2H is hydrogen energy to hydrogen energy, H2T is hydrogen energy to heat energy;
(2) Charging and discharging decoupling; different from electrochemical energy storage, the three links of hydrogen energy storage, hydrogen storage and hydrogen utilization can be decoupled for operation, and the hydrogen production and the hydrogen utilization can be configured in a decoupling way without time-sharing operation: the rated power requirement of hydrogen production equipment, the hydrogen storage capacity requirement and the H2X rated power requirement are not restricted, and H2X is hydrogen energy conversion equipment;
(3) Polymorphic wide area transmissions.
2. Establishing an operation analysis model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
the seasonal hydrogen energy storage input end equipment electrolytic tank has good wide-range adaptive new energy electric energy power fluctuation characteristic, and can generally perform fluctuation operation within the range of 10% -100% of rated power; seasonal hydrogen energy storage output end equipment such as hydrogen energy conversion equipment of fuel cells, hydrogen gas turbines, hydrogen source boilers and the like has the capability of rapidly responding and outputting electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, and the input and output processes do not need time-sharing operation, so that the unified energy system is supported to flexibly operate. The generalized energy-material flow matrix can be adopted to finely describe the operation process of the seasonal hydrogen energy storage support unified energy system, as shown in the formula (1).
Wherein the output matrix O comprises an energy output matrix H and a substance output matrixF, performing the process; the input matrix I comprises an energy input matrix L and a substance input matrix U; the coupling matrix Z comprises an energy-energy coupling matrix Z θ Substance-energy coupling matrix z τ Energy-substance coupling matrix z π Coupled with substance-substance matrix z ψ The storage matrix S comprises hydrogen energy storage vectors S which participate in energy conversion and respectively reflect four input-output relations of energy, substance, energy, substance and substance in a unified energy system 1 Hydrogen storage vector S with participating in substance production 2 . The unified energy system refers to a new energy electric system-hydrogen storage coupling carbon-chemical industry circulation unified energy system.
3. Establishing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation model;
the energy regulation model of seasonal hydrogen storage is as follows:
E net (t)＝E source (t)-E load (t) (2)
in the formulas (2) and (3), the energy supply E at the time t is defined source (t) and energy demand E load Difference E of (t) net (t) is net energy; when the supply is greater than demand, the net energy is greater than zero, denoted E net + (t) represents an energy margin; when the supply is less than the demand, it is marked as E net - (t) indicating energy loss.
In the formula (4), SOH (t), SOH (t+1) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t and the hydrogen storage mass at time t+1, η, respectively 1 Efficiency, eta, of conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy x The efficiency of converting hydrogen energy into X is that X represents electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, and X is the energy type represented by X, wherein deltat is the hydrogen energy charging and discharging time interval; e (E) net + (t) represents an energy margin, E net - (t) represents energyThe amount is missing.
0≤SOH(t)≤SOH max (5)
SOH(0)＝SOH(T) (7)
In the formulas (5), (6) and (7), SOH (t) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t, SOH, max indicating maximum hydrogen storage mass, v HS,in (t) represents the rate of hydrogen injection at time t, v HS,out (t) represents the rate v of hydrogen output at time t HS,in min Represents the lower limit of the hydrogen injection rate, v HS,out min Representing the lower limit of the hydrogen output rate, v HS,in max Represents the upper limit of the hydrogen injection rate, v HS,out max The upper limit of hydrogen output is indicated, SOH (0) is the hydrogen storage mass at the initial time of 1 charge-discharge cycle, SOH (T) is the hydrogen storage mass at the end time of 1 charge-discharge cycle, and T indicates the end time of the charge-discharge cycle.
4. Analyzing the energy storage requirement of the unified energy system, and making an energy storage complementary mechanism;
the energy storage requirements of the unified energy system can be divided according to time scale steps, short-time power type energy storage electrochemistry with continuous charge and discharge time of a lithium battery, a super capacitor and the like within M hours mainly completes peak regulation or frequency modulation service within a day, and energy regulation requirements of M hours or longer are required to depend on seasonal hydrogen energy storage, namely the unified energy system has no continuous energy loss of M hours or more after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is added, as shown in formulas (8) to (10). Meanwhile, the maximum missing energy does not exceed the capacity of the short-time power type energy storage, so that the planning of the capacity of the short-time power type energy storage is shown in the formulas (11) to (13).
In the formulas (8), (9) and (10), T - Representing a set of energy duration missing periods of the unified energy system, t - 1 ，t - 2 ，t - I Respectively the 1 st, the 2 nd and the I th energy loss periods, T - max Represents the longest period of energy loss, T M Indicating the short-time stored energy maximum duration energy supply time.
MESD＝min{ESD 0 ，ESD 1 ，…，ESD I } (12)
|MESD|≤Q M (13)
In the formulae (11), (12) and (13), E net - (t) represents the energy missing at time t, t 0 And t 1 ESD respectively the initial time and the end time of the energy loss period 0 ,ESD 1 ,ESD i Respectively 0 to 1 time period, 1 to 2 time period and t i-1 ～t i The energy missing in the time interval, i represents the i-th energy continuous missing time interval, K represents the total number of the energy missing time intervals, MESD represents the maximum value of the energy continuous missing, Q M Is a short-time power type energy storage capacity.
5. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage is configured based on the energy storage complementary mechanism formulated in the step 4, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): determining simulation calculation period T, inputting source and load data with time interval of 1 hour, generating net energy data sequence E according to formula (2) with M hours as interval net,m ；
Step (2): calculating the sequence E according to the formulas (14) and (15) net,m Maximum continuous margin energy MESS, and the final time of the period is set as the initial time of energy storage, i.e., SOH (0) =SOH max ；
MESS＝max{ESS 0 ，ESS 1 ，…，ESS n } (15)
In the formulas (14) and (15), E + net (t) is the energy of the margin at the moment t, t 0 And t 1 ESS for the energy surplus period initial and end times, respectively 0 ，ESS 1 ，ESS n Respectively time periods 0-1, 1-2 and t n-1 ～t n The energy of the surplus, N represents the N-th energy-surplus period, and N represents the total number of energy-surplus periods. MESS represents the maximum value of the energy persistence margin.
Step (3): simulating a hydrogen storage state according to a formula (4), and calculating a hydrogen storage capacity requirement according to a formula (16);
SOH p ＝SOH max -min{SOH} (16)
SOH in formula (16) p To meet the hydrogen storage quality without continuous energy loss of M hours and above, SOH max The maximum continuous margin energy is represented, SOH is a hydrogen storage state vector, and min { SOH } represents the minimum value of the hydrogen storage state vector.
Based on this, the specific steps of the configuration of the electrohydro-conversion device P2H and the hydrogen conversion device H2X are as follows:
step (4): generating an energy-rich sequence E at intervals of 1 hour + net.Δt Setting the rated power of the electric energy to hydrogen energy P2H as m, namely P P2H ＝m；
Step (5): with P P2H For the upper operation limit of the electrolytic tank, generating a hydrogen production sequence H as shown in a formula (17), wherein the operation power P P2H (t) is less than or equal to rated power, k 1 For the electric hydrogen production coefficient, t 1 And t n The energy surplus period 1 and the energy surplus period n are respectively.
H＝{k 1 P P2H (t 1 ),k 1 P P2H (t 2 ),…k 1 P P2H (t n )} (17)
Step (6): judging whether the total hydrogen production amount is equal to SOH p If the total hydrogen production amount is equal to SOH p P is then P2H =m; if the total hydrogen production amount is smaller or larger than SOH, P P2H =m+Δm or P P2H And (5) performing step (5) by using m-delta m, wherein m is an initial value of iterative optimization setting of the electric energy-to-hydrogen energy operation power, and delta m is an iterative step length in the iterative optimization process of the electric hydrogen operation power.
Step (7): generating an energy-deficient sequence E at intervals of M hours - net,m ，MESD＝min{E - net,m MESD represents the maximum value of energy sustained absence;
step (8): rated power P of H2X configuration of hydrogen conversion equipment H2X The calculation formula is shown as formula (18).
P H2X ＝MESD/M (18)
In the formula (18), MESD represents the maximum value of energy sustained loss, and M represents the energy loss time.
6. The configured seasonal hydrogen storage energy is comprehensively evaluated by the following method:
seasonal hydrogen energy storage comprehensive evaluation is mainly carried out from three aspects of economy, environmental benefit and reliability. Wherein the economic evaluation index is annual average cost, as shown in formula (20). The environmental benefit is that the renewable energy development scale is supported, and the emission reduction benefit for reducing the utilization of fossil energy is shown as a formula (25); the reliability is mainly reflected in the long-time energy supply adequacy in the protection system, and the energy loss is reduced, as shown in the formulas (8) to (13).
f ATC ＝C acc +C o&m (20)
Wherein f ATC Optimizing target annual average cost for economy, C acc For seasonal hydrogen energy storage annual average investment cost, C o&m The operation and maintenance cost is annual and average for seasonal hydrogen energy storage.
CRF＝(j(1+j) r )/((1+j) r -1) (21)
In the formulas (21), (22) and (23), CRF is the return on investment, r is the seasonal energy storage planning period, and j is the annual rate. C (C) inv l The unit investment cost of the equipment I; l is a set of equipment comprising an electrolytic cell P2H, a hydrogen storage HES, and a hydrogen conversion device H2X; l represents the number of devices, P l Rated power or hydrogen storage quality planned for the plant l.
In the formula (24), H l (t) is the operation and operation cost of the equipment l in the t period, including the start-stop cost and operation cost of the equipment l, C l o&m For the operating and maintenance costs of the device i during period t,the starting cost of the device l in the period t; gamma ray l (t) represents the start-stop of the device l, γ l (t) equal to 1 indicates start-up, γ l (t) equal to 0 represents a shutdown; delta l (t) represents the operating state of the device l, δ l (t) equal to 0 indicates that the device l is in a shutdown state, δ l (t) equal to 1 means that device l is in an operational state; n (N) l hr Is the cycle life of the device i.
f en ＝c·SOH p (25)
In the formula (25), f en The development scale of renewable energy sources is supported for seasonal hydrogen energy storage, and the emission reduction benefit of fossil energy utilization is reduced, which is a function of the hydrogen storage quality; SOH (solid oxide Fuel cell) p In order to meet the hydrogen storage quantity without continuous energy loss of M hours and above, c is the emission reduction benefit of 1kg of hydrogen stored per unit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seasonal hydrogen storage planning scheme;
FIG. 2 is an industrial hydrogen production electrical load curve;
FIG. 3a is a hydrogen fuel cell car equivalent cycle electrical load curve, FIG. 3b is a hydrogen fuel cell car equivalent year electrical load curve;
FIG. 4a is an electric daily load curve and FIG. 4b is an electric annual load curve;
FIG. 5a is a daily electricity load curve of other fields, and FIG. 5b is a annual electricity load curve of other fields;
fig. 6a demonstrates a zone planning horizontal year, fig. 6b demonstrates a zone planning horizontal year, a photovoltaic output curve, fig. 6c demonstrates a zone planning horizontal year, a wind power output curve, fig. 6d demonstrates a zone planning horizontal year, a load curve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, carrying out seasonal hydrogen energy storage key characteristic analysis;
2. establishing an operation analysis model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
3. establishing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation model;
4. analyzing the energy storage requirement of the unified energy system, and making an energy storage complementary mechanism;
5. configuring seasonal hydrogen energy storage based on the energy storage complementary mechanism formulated in the step 4;
6. and comprehensively evaluating configured seasonal hydrogen energy storage.
The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method of the invention is described below by taking an exemplary region of a unified energy system to be built as an example.
(1) Firstly, analyzing the current situations of energy and load of an demonstration area of a unified energy system, and determining the basic structure, the hydrogen storage mode and the operation mode of the hydrogen energy storage system.
1. Hydrogen loading
The demonstration area has a synthetic ammonia processing plant with the output of 150 ten thousand tons/year, the annual hydrogen demand of 264550 tons and the output of 15 ten thousand tons/year of petrochemical refiningThe annual hydrogen demand of the chemical plant is 500 tons, and the annual hydrogen demand of the industrial production in the demonstration area is 265050 tons. Hydrogen production by an alkaline electrolytic tank with hydrogen production efficiency of 4.5kW/Nm 3 Industrial hydrogen production average electric load 1577.69MW and consumed electric energy 1.382×10 7 MWh/year. The synthetic ammonia and petroleum refining production process has production flexibility, the fluctuation range of hydrogen load is 95% -105%, the fluctuation rule is subjected to normal distribution, and the industrial hydrogen production electric load curve of the demonstration area is shown in fig. 2.
The demonstration area predicts 1000 hydrogen fuel cell cars to be put in for a planned horizontal year: toyota Mirai hydrogen fuel cell automobile: the total capacity of the hydrogen storage bottle is 122.4L/4.92kg, the driving distance is 650km, the average driving distance per day is 80 km, the curves of the equivalent cycle load and the annual electric load of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile are shown in fig. 3a and 3b, and the requirement for increasing the electric quantity by throwing the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is 1.145×10 4 MWh/year.
2. Thermal load
By planning the horizontal year, the total heating area of the demonstration area reaches 45 ten thousand square meters, the heating mode is centralized electric heating, the heating season is 10 months 15 days a year to 4 months 15 days a year, and the electric load curves of the days and years of electric heating are shown in fig. 4a and 4 b.
3. Natural gas loading
The natural gas is adopted for generating electricity and supplying heat in the demonstration area, the natural gas load is 0 after the unified energy system is built, and only the natural gas pipeline is used for storing hydrogen. The total length of the natural gas pipeline in the demonstration area is 2424 km, 12 tons of hydrogen are stored in each km of natural gas pipeline, and the upper limit of the hydrogen storage volume is 3.3713 hundred million Nm calculated 3 If the storage space is insufficient, the area can be further utilized to store the hydrogen in the vicinity of the urban pipe network, and the hydrogen storage space is more than 7 hundred million Nm 3 。
4. Other electrical loads
The power consumption day and annual load prediction curves of other fields of the demonstration area are shown in fig. 5a and 5 b.
5. Planning horizontal year source-load conditions
Table 1 shows the power installation conditions of the planned horizontal demonstration area, and fig. 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d show the water, light and wind power output and load curves of the planned horizontal demonstration area respectively.
Table 1 Power supply structure
Tab.1Power structure
As can be seen from fig. 6a to 6d, the hydropower has strong seasonality, small spring output and large summer, autumn and winter output; compared with wind power, the photovoltaic output is smaller intermittently; the average electric load in heating season is obviously higher than that in other seasons.
(2) Based on the established operation model and the regulation model, the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is optimally configured by considering an energy storage complementary mechanism, so that the unified energy system has no energy loss of more than 6 hours after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is configured.
According to seasonal hydrogen energy storage configuration steps (1) to (3), the planned hydrogen storage amount of the unified energy system is 3.9516 hundred million Nm 3 And the unified energy system has no continuous energy loss for more than 6 hours.
And (5) calculating rated power of the electrolytic tank and the fuel cell to be 358MW and 495.8MW according to seasonal energy storage configuration steps (4) to (8). The seasonal hydrogen energy storage operation modes are as follows: (1) "surplus electric energy-electrolytic tank hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-hydrogen load", under this operation mode, it is necessary to configure electrolytic tank 141.89MW and hydrogen storage 1.1391 hundred million Nm 3 . (2) "surplus electric energy-electrolytic tank hydrogen production-hydrogen storage-fuel cell power generation-electric load", under this operation mode, it is necessary to configure electrolytic tank 216.11MW and hydrogen storage 1.7349Nm 3 Fuel cell 495.8MW.
Claims (1)
1. The seasonal hydrogen energy storage planning method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1) firstly, performing key features of basic structure, hydrogen storage mode, operation mode and seasonal hydrogen energy storage of a hydrogen energy storage system: flexible conversion, charge-discharge decoupling, analysis of polymorphic wide area transmission;
step (2) establishing an operation analysis model of seasonal hydrogen energy storage; the generalized energy-material flow matrix is adopted to finely describe the operation process of the seasonal hydrogen energy storage support unified energy system, as shown in the formula (1):
wherein the output matrix O comprises an energy output matrix H and a substance output matrix F; the input matrix I comprises an energy input matrix L and a substance input matrix U; the coupling matrix Z comprises an energy-energy coupling matrix Z θ Substance-energy coupling matrix z τ Energy-substance coupling matrix z π Coupled with substance-substance matrix z ψ The storage matrix S comprises hydrogen energy storage vectors S which participate in energy conversion and respectively reflect four input-output relations of energy, substance, energy, substance and substance in a unified energy system 1 Hydrogen storage vector S with participating in substance production 2 ；
Step (3) establishing a seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation model;
step (4) analyzing the energy storage requirement of the unified energy system and making an energy storage complementary mechanism;
step (5) configuring seasonal hydrogen energy storage based on the energy storage complementary mechanism formulated in the step (4);
step (6) comprehensively evaluating the configured seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
the seasonal hydrogen energy storage energy regulation model established in the step (3) is as follows:
E net (t)＝E source (t)-E load (t) (2)
in the formulas (2) and (3), the energy supply E at the time t is defined source (t) and energy demand E load Difference E of (t) net (t) is net energy; when the supply is greater than demand, the net energy is greater than zero, noted asRepresenting energy surplus; when the supply is less than the demand, it is recorded asIndicating energy loss;
in the formula (4), SOH (t), SOH (t+1) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t and the hydrogen storage mass at time t+1, η, respectively 1 Efficiency, eta, of conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy x The efficiency of converting hydrogen energy into X is that X represents electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, and X is the energy type represented by X, wherein deltat is the hydrogen energy charging and discharging time interval;indicating energy surplus, ++>Indicating energy loss;
0≤SOH(t)≤SOH max (5)
SOH(0)＝SOH(T) (7)
in the formulas (5), (6) and (7), SOH (t) represents the hydrogen storage mass at time t, SOH max Indicating maximum hydrogen storage mass, v HS,in (t) represents the rate of hydrogen injection at time t, v HS,out,i (t) represents the rate of hydrogen output at time t,represents the lower limit of the hydrogen injection rate, +.>Represents the lower limit of the hydrogen output rate, +.>Represents the upper limit of the hydrogen injection rate, +.>SOH (0) is the hydrogen storage quality at the initial time of 1 charging and discharging period, SOH (T) is the hydrogen storage quality at the end time of 1 charging and discharging period, and T is the end time of the charging and discharging period;
the step (4) is to analyze the energy storage requirement of the unified energy system, and the method for making the complementary mechanism of energy storage is as follows;
the energy storage requirements of the unified energy system are divided according to time scale steps, short-time power type energy storage electrochemistry with continuous charging and discharging time of a lithium battery and a super capacitor within M hours mainly completes peak regulation or frequency modulation service in the day, and energy regulation requirements of M hours or longer are required to depend on seasonal hydrogen energy storage, namely the unified energy system has no continuous energy loss of M hours or more after the seasonal hydrogen energy storage is added, as shown in formulas (8) to (10); meanwhile, the maximum missing energy does not exceed the capacity of the short-time power type energy storage, so that the planning of the capacity of the short-time power type energy storage is shown as the following formula (11) to formula (13):
in the formulas (8), (9) and (10), T - Representing a set of sustained periods of absence of energy from the unified energy system,periods of energy loss 1 st, 2 nd and I th, respectively, +.>Represents the longest period of energy loss, T M Representing the maximum duration energy supply time of short-time energy storage;
MESD＝min{ESD 0 ,ESD 1 ,…,ESD I } (12)
|MESD|≤Q M (13)
in the formulas (11), (12) and (13),indicating the missing energy at time t, t 0 And t 1 ESD respectively the initial time and the end time of the energy loss period 0 ,ESD 1 ,ESD i Respectively 0 to 1 time period, 1 to 2 time period and t i-1 ～t i The energy missing in the time interval, i represents the i-th energy continuous missing time interval, K represents the total number of the energy missing time intervals, MESD represents the maximum value of the energy continuous missing, Q M Is a short-time power type energy storage capacity;
the method for configuring seasonal hydrogen energy storage by the energy storage complementary mechanism formulated in the step (5) comprises the following steps:
step (1): determining simulation calculation period T, inputting source and load data with time interval of 1 hour, generating net energy data sequence E according to formula (2) with M hours as interval net,m ；
Step (2): calculating the sequence E according to the formulas (14) and (15) net,m Maximum continuous margin energy MESS, and the final time of the period is set as the initial time of energy storage, i.e., SOH (0) =soh max ；
MESS＝max{ESS 0 ,ESS 1 ,…,ESS n } (15)
In the formulas (14) and (15),is the energy of the surplus at the moment t, t 0 And t 1 ESS for the energy surplus period initial and end times, respectively 0 ，ESS 1 ，ESS n Respectively time periods 0-1, 1-2 and t n-1 ～t n The energy of the surplus, N represents the N-th energy surplus period, and N represents the total number of energy surplus periods; MESS represents the maximum value of the energy persistence margin;
step (3): simulating a hydrogen storage state according to a formula (4), and calculating a hydrogen storage capacity requirement according to a formula (16);
SOH p ＝SOH max -min{SOH} (16)
SOH in formula (16) p To meet the hydrogen storage quality without continuous energy loss of M hours and above, SOH max Representing the maximum continuous margin energy, SOH is a hydrogen storage state vector, and min { SOH } represents the minimum value of the hydrogen storage state vector;
based on this, the specific steps of the configuration of the electrohydro-conversion device P2H and the hydrogen conversion device H2X are as follows:
step (4): generating an energy-rich sequence E at intervals of 1 hour + net.Δt Setting the rated power of the electric energy to hydrogen energy P2H as m, namely P P2H ＝m；
Step (5): with P P2H For the upper operation limit of the electrolytic tank, generating a hydrogen production sequence H as shown in a formula (17), wherein the operation power P P2H (t) is less than or equal to rated power, k 1 For the electric hydrogen production coefficient, t 1 And t n The energy surplus period 1 and the energy surplus period n are respectively;
H＝{k 1 P P2H (t 1 ),k 1 P P2H (t 2 ),…k 1 P P2H (t n )} (17)
step (6): judging whether the total hydrogen production amount is equal to SOH p If the total hydrogen production amount is equal to SOH p P is then P2H =m; if the total hydrogen production amount is smaller or larger than SOH, P P2H =m+Δm or P P2H M- Δm, m represents an initial value set by iterative optimization of electric energy-to-hydrogen energy operation power, Δm is an iterative step length in the iterative optimization process of the electric hydrogen operation power, and step (5) is executed;
step (7): generating an energy-deficient sequence E at intervals of M hours - net,m ，MESD＝min{E - net,m MESD represents the maximum value of energy sustained absence;
step (8): rated power P of H2X configuration of hydrogen conversion equipment H2X The calculation formula is shown as formula (18):
P H2X ＝MESD/M (18)
in the formula (18), MESD represents the maximum value of energy continuous loss, and M is the energy loss time;
the method for comprehensively evaluating the configured seasonal hydrogen energy storage in the step (6) comprises the following steps:
seasonal hydrogen energy storage comprehensive evaluation is mainly carried out from three aspects of economy, environmental benefit and reliability; wherein the economic evaluation index is annual average cost, as shown in formula (20); the environmental benefit is that the renewable energy development scale is supported, and the emission reduction benefit for reducing the utilization of fossil energy is shown as a formula (25); the reliability is mainly reflected in the long-time energy supply adequacy in a protection system, and the energy loss is reduced, as shown in the formulas (8) to (13);
f ATC ＝C acc +C o&m (20)
wherein f ATC Optimizing target annual average cost for economy, C acc For seasonal hydrogen energy storage annual average investment cost, C o&m The annual operation and maintenance cost for seasonal hydrogen energy storage;
CRF＝(j(1+j) r )/((1+j) r -1) (21)
in the formulas (21), (22) and (23), CRF is the return on investment, r is the seasonal energy storage planning period, and j is the annual rate; c (C) l inv The unit investment cost of the equipment I; l is a set of equipment comprising an electrolytic cell P2H, a hydrogen storage HES, and a hydrogen conversion device H2X; l represents the number of devices, P l Rated power or hydrogen storage quality planned for the equipment L;
in the formula (24), H l (t) is the operation and operation cost of the equipment l in the t period, including the start-stop cost and operation cost of the equipment l, C l o&m For the operation and maintenance cost of the equipment l in the period t, C l start The starting cost of the device l in the period t; gamma ray l (t) represents the start-stop of the device l, γ l (t) equal to 1 indicates start-up, γ l (t) equal to 0 represents a shutdown; delta l (t) represents the operating state of the device l, δ l (t) equal to 0 indicates that the device l is in a shutdown state, δ l (t) equal to 1 means that device l is in an operational state; n (N) l hr Is the cycle life of device l;
f en ＝c· SO H p (25)
in the formula (25), f en The development scale of renewable energy sources is supported for seasonal hydrogen energy storage, and the emission reduction benefit of fossil energy utilization is reduced, which is a function of the hydrogen storage quality; SOH (solid oxide Fuel cell) p In order to meet the hydrogen storage quantity without continuous energy loss of M hours and above, c is the emission reduction benefit of 1kg of hydrogen stored per unit.
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