CN112234266B - Device for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system - Google Patents
Device for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112234266B CN112234266B CN202011032122.0A CN202011032122A CN112234266B CN 112234266 B CN112234266 B CN 112234266B CN 202011032122 A CN202011032122 A CN 202011032122A CN 112234266 B CN112234266 B CN 112234266B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4264—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing with capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for equalizing the cell voltage of a battery system, comprising: the battery pack is connected with the voltage dividing and stabilizing circuit and the pre-charging circuit respectively, the voltage dividing and stabilizing circuit and the pre-charging circuit are connected with the discharging circuit respectively, and the battery pack comprises a plurality of single batteries. The device for balancing the voltage of the battery monomer of the battery pack system provided by the invention adopts the inherent characteristics of the circuit to keep the balance in a dynamic process, only a plurality of silicon controlled switches are fixedly conducted in the whole process at the beginning stage, the CPU resource is saved, the real-time performance is good, the control is simple, the device is safe and reliable, the stability is good, all the battery monomers can be simultaneously stabilized near an ideal value U/6, the capacity of the whole pack is improved to the maximum extent, and the requirement of practical application can be well met.
Description
The application is a patent number: 201810296328.0, filing date: 2018-03-30, name: a divisional application of a method of equalizing cell voltages of a battery system.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery pack system management, and particularly relates to a device for balancing the voltage of battery monomers of a battery pack system.
Background
In a battery pack system connected in series to form a group, it is necessary to ensure a certain service life of each battery cell in the battery pack, which requires the voltage of any one cell to be within a reasonable interval. This has also reflected the BATTERY monomer capacity to a certain extent in fact, when a certain BATTERY monomer that capacity is less is fully charged, or after discharging, its voltage can sharply rise or descend, exceed the voltage interval of regulation, BMS (namely BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, BATTERY management system) just need to cut off the high pressure, forbid the system charge and discharge to guarantee that this monomer can not damage, this leads to other monomer that capacity is great can not fully charge or discharge the electric energy completely, causes the reduction of whole group BATTERY capacity. Therefore, the capacity of the whole battery pack system is determined by the monomer with the minimum capacity, the consistency of the battery monomer capacity influences the performance of the whole battery pack, the actual available capacity of the battery pack is reduced, the battery monomer equalization technology is an effective means for solving the problems, and the common equalization modes include three types: energy dissipation type unidirectional equalization (passive equalization) and energy transfer type bidirectional equalization (active equalization) and charge equalization.
The passive equalization is characterized in that a switchable discharge resistor is connected in parallel to each battery string, the BMS controls the discharge resistor to discharge the monomer with higher voltage, electric energy is dissipated in a thermal mode, the mode can only discharge the monomer with high voltage, the monomer with low capacity cannot be recharged, the passive equalization is limited by the power of the discharge resistor, and the equalization current is generally small. Charge equalization is the process of fully charging each cell at the end of the charge using a small charger alone. The active equalization is that a bidirectional high-frequency switching power supply converter is controlled in the BMS to discharge a battery with higher voltage, the discharged energy is used for charging a monomer with lower voltage, the energy is mainly transferred but not dissipated, the energy loss is less, and the equalization current is generally larger because of no limitation of discharge resistance power.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for balancing cell voltages of a battery system, which can avoid the above technical disadvantages.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method of equalizing cell voltages of a battery system, comprising the steps of: step 1) pre-judging; step 2), pre-charging; step 3), balancing; and 4) finishing.
Further, the step 1) is as follows: the BMS judges whether the voltage of each battery cell of the battery pack system needs to be balanced, the balancing is started when default setting is set to start, or the balancing is started when delta u > = sets a threshold value; Δ u represents a maximum voltage difference, i.e., a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the voltage values of the respective battery cells.
Further, the set threshold is 0.
Further, the step 2) is as follows: when the balance needs to be started, firstly, the MOS switch tube of the pre-charging loop is driven to be conducted, meanwhile, the switch of the discharging loop is driven to be turned off, if UAB > =95 percent U is detected in 5s by the BMS, the UAB is the voltage between the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B, namely the voltage at two ends of the discharging resistor, and the U is the total voltage of the battery pack, the pre-charging is judged to be successful, otherwise, the balance pre-charging failure is reported, the BMS needs to enable the discharging switch to be conducted, the pre-charging switch is turned off, and the charges are discharged from the capacitor in time.
Further, the step 3) is: when the BMS judges that the equalization pre-charging is finished, sequentially conducting 6 switches to short-circuit a pre-charging loop; and in 6 battery monomers, charging the battery monomer higher than the average voltage U/6 for the series equalizing capacitor, and charging the capacitor for the battery monomer lower than the average voltage U/6, wherein the trend is always kept until the battery monomers are completely equalized, and the whole battery pack system realizes dynamic balance.
Further, the step 4) is as follows: the BMS judges whether the equalization is completed or closed or fails every 100ms, and when the BMS detects the equalization closing or equalization failure, the switches are sequentially turned off, and finally the pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube is turned off, the silicon controlled MOS switch tube is turned on, and the charge on the capacitor is unloaded.
Furthermore, the battery pack system comprises 6 battery monomers, a safety, a controllable MOS switch tube and a balance capacitor are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with each battery monomer, a pre-charging loop consisting of a pre-charging resistor and a pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube is arranged on a system loop, and a discharging loop consisting of a discharging resistor and a discharging silicon controlled MOS switch tube is also arranged on the system loop, the pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube is arranged on a monomer voltage acquisition line in a safety mode, the controllable MOS switch tube and the pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube are switched off when no driving signal exists, the discharging silicon controlled MOS switch tube is switched on when no driving signal exists, and the discharging silicon controlled MOS switch tube and the pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube are arranged to form interlocking with the pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube.
Furthermore, all the equalizing capacitors are capacitors with the same specification and are connected in series in the circuit to form a voltage division and stabilization circuit.
The method for balancing the voltage of the battery monomer of the battery pack system provided by the invention adopts the inherent characteristics of the circuit to keep the balance in a dynamic process, only a plurality of silicon controlled switches are fixedly conducted in the whole process at the beginning stage, the CPU resource is saved, the real-time performance is good, the control is simple, the method is safe and reliable, the stability is good, all the battery monomers can be simultaneously stabilized near an ideal value U/6, the capacity of the whole pack is improved to the maximum extent, and the requirement of practical application can be well met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a battery pack system according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for equalizing cell voltages of a battery system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a battery pack system includes 6 battery cells B1 to B6, a fuse FUx, a controllable MOS switch tube Sx, and an equalizing capacitor Cx are disposed in one-to-one correspondence with each battery cell Bx (x is a number from 1 to 6), all equalizing capacitors Cx are capacitors of the same specification, and are connected in series in a circuit to form a voltage dividing and stabilizing circuit. The system loop is provided with a pre-charging loop consisting of a pre-charging resistor RPC and a pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switch tube SPC, and a discharging loop consisting of a discharging resistor RL and a discharging silicon controlled MOS switch tube SL, the SPC fuse FUx can be arranged on a single voltage acquisition line, other parts can be integrated inside the BMS, sx and SPC are switched off when no driving signal exists, and SL is switched on when no driving signal exists and can be arranged to form interlocking with SPC.
As shown in fig. 2, a method of equalizing cell voltages of a battery pack system includes the steps of:
step 1) prejudging: the BMS (battery management system) determines whether the voltages of the individual batteries of the battery pack system need to be equalized, and starts equalization when default setting is set to power on, or starts equalization when Δ u > = a set threshold (for example, the set threshold may be set to 0 or other values according to actual needs); Δ u represents a maximum voltage difference, which is a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value among voltage values of the respective battery cells;
step 2) pre-charging: when the balance needs to be started, firstly, the pre-charging loop MOS switch tube SPC is driven to be conducted, and meanwhile, the discharging loop switch SL is driven to be turned off, if the BMS detects U in 5s AB >＝95％U(U AB If the voltage between the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B is also the voltage at two ends of the discharge resistor RL, and U is the total voltage of the battery pack), judging that the pre-charging is successful, otherwise, reporting that the equalizing pre-charging is failed, and switching on the discharge switch SL and switching off the pre-charging switch SPC by the BMS so as to discharge the charges from the capacitor in time;
the purpose of the precharge is to charge the equalizing capacitor Cx without too much current; after the precharge is completed, the voltage U across the bleed resistor RL (i.e., the voltage between monitor points A and B) is discharged AB And the two electrode ends of the monitoring point A and the monitoring point B are respectively charged with + Q and-Q, the charged amount of each electrode of the middle equalizing capacitance Cx is also respectively + Q or-Q due to electrostatic induction, so that the charged amount of each equalizing capacitance Cx in series connection is Q, the equalizing capacitances are Cx, and the voltages U1-U6 of the equalizing capacitances C1-C6 obtained according to U = Q/C are respectively as follows: u1= Q/C1= Q/Cx, U2= Q/C2= Q/Cx, …, U6= Q/C6= Q/Cx. The total voltage U = U1+ U2+ … U6=6Q/Cx, on the other hand, assuming that the total capacity of the series circuit capacitance is C, U = Q/C, so C = Cx/6, U1= Q/Cx = Q/6c = U/6; thus, each equalizing capacitor Cx divides the voltage to obtain an average voltage U/6, which is the ideal voltage of each battery cell after equalization;
step 3) equalizing process: when the BMS judges that the equalization pre-charging is finished, S1-S6 are conducted in sequence, and a pre-charging loop is short-circuited; because the voltage difference exists between B1 and B6, and the series equalizing capacitor keeps the voltage between U1 and U6 stable, the whole circuit has the trend that in B1 to B6 battery monomers, the battery monomer higher than the average voltage U/6 is used for charging the series equalizing capacitor, the capacitor is used for charging the monomer lower than the average voltage U/6, the trend is always kept until the balance is complete, and the whole battery pack system realizes dynamic balance; the circuit is provided with a fuse on the acquisition loop, so that the breakdown capacitor can be prevented from being damaged due to overlarge current;
step 4) end stage: the BMS judges whether the equalization is completed or closed or fails every 100ms, and when the BMS detects the completion or the closing or the failure of the equalization, the S1 to S6 are sequentially turned off, finally the SPC is turned off, the SL is turned on, and the charges on the capacitor are unloaded.
The method for balancing the voltage of the battery monomer of the battery pack system provided by the invention adopts the inherent characteristics of the circuit to keep the balance in a dynamic process, only a plurality of silicon controlled switches are fixedly conducted in the whole process at the beginning stage, the CPU resource is saved, the real-time performance is good, the control is simple, the method is safe and reliable, the stability is good, all the battery monomers can be simultaneously stabilized near an ideal value U/6, the capacity of the whole pack is improved to the maximum extent, and the requirement of practical application can be well met.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the implementation manner of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. An apparatus for equalizing cell voltages of a battery system, comprising:
the battery pack is respectively connected with the voltage dividing and stabilizing circuit and the pre-charging circuit, the voltage dividing and stabilizing circuit and the pre-charging circuit are both connected with the discharging circuit, and the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery monomers;
the battery pack comprises 6 battery monomers B1-B6;
the voltage division and stabilization circuit comprises 6 equalizing capacitors C1-C6, 6 controllable MOS switching tubes S1-S6 and 6 safety FU1-FU6;
the pre-charging loop comprises a pre-charging resistor RPC and a pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switching tube SPC;
the discharge loop comprises a discharge resistor RL and a discharge silicon controlled MOS switch tube;
the negative electrode of the battery monomer B1 is respectively connected with one end of the equalizing capacitor C1 and one end of the discharge resistor RL, the positive electrode of the battery monomer B1 is respectively connected with the negative electrode of the battery monomer B2 and one end of the safety FU1, the other end of the safety FU1 is connected with one end of the controllable MOS switch tube S1, and the other end of the controllable MOS switch tube S1 is connected with the other end of the equalizing capacitor C1 and one end of the equalizing capacitor C2;
the positive electrode of the battery monomer B2 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery monomer B3 and one end of the fuse FU2, the other end of the fuse FU2 is connected with one end of the controllable MOS switch tube S2, and the other end of the controllable MOS switch tube S2 is connected with the other end of the equalizing capacitor C2 and one end of the equalizing capacitor C3;
the positive electrode of the battery monomer B3 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery monomer B4 and one end of the fuse FU3, the other end of the fuse FU3 is connected with one end of the controllable MOS switch tube S3, and the other end of the controllable MOS switch tube S3 is connected with the other end of the equalizing capacitor C3 and one end of the equalizing capacitor C4;
the positive electrode of the battery monomer B4 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery monomer B5 and one end of the fuse FU4, the other end of the fuse FU4 is connected with one end of the controllable MOS switch tube S4, and the other end of the controllable MOS switch tube S4 is connected with the other end of the equalizing capacitor C4 and one end of the equalizing capacitor C5;
the positive electrode of the battery monomer B5 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery monomer B6 and one end of the fuse FU5, the other end of the fuse FU5 is connected with one end of the controllable MOS switch tube S5, and the other end of the controllable MOS switch tube S5 is connected with the other end of the equalizing capacitor C5 and one end of the equalizing capacitor C6;
the positive electrode of the battery monomer B6 is connected with one end of a safety FU6 and one end of a pre-charging resistor RPC, the other end of the safety FU6 is connected with one end of a controllable MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) switching tube S6, the other end of the controllable MOS switching tube S6 is connected with the other end of a balance capacitor C6, one end of a pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switching tube SPC and one end of a discharging silicon controlled MOS switching tube SL, the other end of the pre-charging silicon controlled MOS switching tube SPC is connected with the other end of the pre-charging resistor RPC, and the other end of the discharging silicon controlled MOS switching tube SL is connected with the other end of a discharging resistor RL;
the other end of the equalizing capacitor C6 is a monitoring point A, and one end of the equalizing capacitor C1 is a monitoring point B.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011032122.0A CN112234266B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Device for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011032122.0A CN112234266B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Device for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system |
| CN201810296328.0A CN108448179B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Method for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system |
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| CN201810296328.0A Division CN108448179B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Method for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system |
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| CN112234266B true CN112234266B (en) | 2022-11-11 |
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| CN202011032122.0A Active CN112234266B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Device for balancing battery monomer voltage of battery pack system |
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| CN109474044A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-15 | 常熟理工学院 | Lithium battery group charging and discharging balance device and equalization methods |
| CN111645490B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2022-05-24 | 江苏罗思韦尔电气有限公司 | Automobile air conditioner temperature controller and fault repairing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013016974A1 (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | 深圳市雄韬电源科技股份有限公司 | Battery protection circuit |
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| US6064178A (en) * | 1998-05-07 | 2000-05-16 | Ford Motor Company | Battery charge balancing system having parallel switched energy storage elements |
| CN101882699B (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2012-12-05 | 惠州市亿能电子有限公司 | Charge and discharge balancing control method for power battery pack |
| CN102055224A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-05-11 | 深圳市佳华利道新技术开发有限公司 | Battery voltage balancing circuit and method thereof |
| US9071056B2 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2015-06-30 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for managing battery cell, and energy storage system |
| JP5477448B1 (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Voltage equalization device |
| CN103199579B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2014-10-22 | 天津大学 | Battery unit element cell equalizing charge controller |
| CN104009526B (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽安凯汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of electric motor coach power battery pack active equalization system and method |
| JP6324333B2 (en) * | 2015-02-18 | 2018-05-16 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Cell balance circuit and fault diagnosis device thereof |
| CN206673610U (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-11-24 | 奥创新能源（深圳）有限公司 | Intelligent battery management system |
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| WO2013016974A1 (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | 深圳市雄韬电源科技股份有限公司 | Battery protection circuit |
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| CN112234266A (en) | 2021-01-15 |
| CN108448179A (en) | 2018-08-24 |
| CN108448179B (en) | 2020-10-09 |
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