CN112234170B - MoTe2Mxene composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

MoTe2Mxene composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112234170B
CN112234170B CN202010812577.8A CN202010812577A CN112234170B CN 112234170 B CN112234170 B CN 112234170B CN 202010812577 A CN202010812577 A CN 202010812577A CN 112234170 B CN112234170 B CN 112234170B
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mote
mxene
potassium ion
ion battery
composite material
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CN112234170A (en
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张业龙
徐晓丹
周健文
孙宏阳
邱振平
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Wuyi University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362—Composites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581—Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a MoTe2The preparation method of the/MXene electrode material comprises the following steps: (1) adding MXene into the dispersing agent, stirring for 3-6 hours, and preparing into a dispersion liquid with the concentration of 10-50 mg/ml; (2) mixing a molybdenum source material and a tellurium source material according to the ratio of 1: adding the mixture into the dispersion liquid according to the molar ratio of 3-8, and stirring for 8-20 hours to obtain a suspension; (3) heating the suspension obtained in the step (2) to 120-2the/MXene composite material. And simple MoTe2Compared with materials, the invention compares MoTe2Loaded on MXene to obtain MoTe2The composite material utilizes MXene as a buffer substrate, inhibits huge volume expansion in a circulation process, shows good circulation stability and excellent rate performance, is an ideal potassium ion battery cathode material, and has important value for development and application of potassium ion batteries.

Description

MoTe2Mxene composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials, and particularly relates to MoTe2a/MXene composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the technological level, energy and environmental problems are brought to the society, with the continuous development of the modern society, energy sources such as coal, petroleum and the like are continuously consumed, and meanwhile, the environment is also seriously polluted, so that two major problems of energy crisis and environmental pollution are increasingly prominent, and the traditional fossil energy is far from meeting the requirement of human beings for constructing an energy society which is green, environment-friendly, clean and sustainable in development. Therefore, the method has very important practical significance for adjusting the existing energy structure and developing new energy which can be recycled and is environment-friendly. The new energy comprises renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and nuclear energy, and how to convert and store the clean energy is the key for the development and application of the clean energy. Electrochemical energy storage is an important storage mode of green energy and is always the research focus of the current society.
In recent years, lithium ion batteries have advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, safety, environmental protection and the like, and thus have very wide application in the fields of portable electronic products, electric automobiles and large-scale energy storage. However, limited lithium resources are gradually exhausted, and therefore, development of new energy storage devices to replace lithium ion batteries is a research hotspot. The potassium crust has rich content, wide distribution, low cost and K/K+The standard electrode potential is-2.94V, which is most similar to the standard electrode potential of lithium ions. However, since the radius of potassium ions is much larger than that of lithium ions, the negative electrode material commercially used in lithium ion batteries cannot allow potassium ions to be rapidly deintercalated during cycling, resulting in poor cycling stability and rate capability. Therefore, the key for improving the performance of the potassium ion battery is to research and develop a novel negative electrode material and meet the requirement of rapid reversible deintercalation of potassium ions.
The transition metal sulfur compound is an ideal potassium ion battery cathode material candidate due to higher reversible specific capacity, namely MoTe2The material is an ideal potassium ion battery cathode material due to excellent photoelectric properties. MoTe2Generally, the structure has three structures of a semiconductor phase, a metal phase and a semi-metal phase. The semiconductor and the semi-metal phase are stable, the semi-metal phase and the metal phase have high conductivity, charge transmission in the potassium ion battery is facilitated, however, in the charging and discharging circulation process, due to the fact that the radius of potassium ions is large, the volume expansion coefficient in the potassium de-intercalation process is large, electrode materials are pulverized, and therefore specific capacity is rapidly attenuated and poor circulation stability is caused. The accordion-shaped MXene material has the property similar to graphene, has the advantages of good mechanical property, large specific surface area, controllable interlayer spacing and the like, and can effectively relieve the problem that the electrode material is in a circulating processThe volume change in (2). However, the interlayer spacing is small, and the surface functional group has certain adsorbability, so that the single use cannot achieve the ideal fast ion migration effect. Therefore, how to combine the existing materials to make them have good advantages and short disadvantages becomes a great technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a MoTe2the/MXene composite material. It is another object of the present invention to provide said MoTe2A preparation method of/MXene composite material. Further, the invention provides a MoTe2Application of/MXene composite material and MoTe prepared by using2the/MXene composite material is applied to the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
MoTe2The preparation method of the/MXene composite material is a solvothermal method and comprises the following steps:
(1) adding MXene into dispersant, stirring for 3-6h (such as 3h, 4h, 5h and 6 h) to obtain dispersion with concentration of 10-50mg/ml, preferably 10-20mg/ml, more preferably 20-40mg/ml, and still more preferably 40-50 mg/ml;
(2) mixing a molybdenum source material and a tellurium source material according to the ratio of 1: 3-8, preferably 1: 3-5, and more preferably 1: 5-8, adding the mixture into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 8-20 hours, such as 8 hours, 12 hours, 16 hours and 20 hours, to obtain a suspension;
(3) transferring the suspension obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, putting the reaction kettle into an oven, heating to 120-200 ℃, for example, 120 ℃, 150 ℃, 180 ℃, 200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 12-24 hours, for example, 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours, and then naturally cooling to room temperature;
(4) centrifuging the product obtained in the step (3), and thoroughly cleaning the product by using a cleaning agent;
(5) putting the product obtained in the step (4) into a vacuum drying oven for drying to obtain MoTe2the/MXene composite material.
Further, the molybdenum source is H8Mo4N2O13·2H2O、H3Mo12O40P、H24Mo7N6O24·4H2One or more of O.
Further, the tellurium source is one or more of potassium tellurite, tellurium tetrachloride and biphenyl ditelluride.
Further, MXene is Ti3C2Tx、Ti2CTx、Ti3CNTx、Nb2CTx、Ta4C3TxPreferably Ti3N2TxE.g. Nb2CTx，Ta4C3TxWherein T isxIs a surface functional group-O, -F or-OH.
Further, the dispersing agent is one or more of ethylene glycol, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol.
Further, the cleaning agent is one or more of water and ethanol; the centrifuged product obtained in step (3) is preferably thoroughly washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, for example, alternately washed 3 to 10 times, preferably 5 to 8 times with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol.
Further, the MoTe2MoTe in/MXene composite material2The loading amount is 80 to 200 wt%, preferably 80 to 100 wt%, further preferably 100-.
Further, the centrifugation rotating speed in the step (3) is 4000-7000r/min, preferably 6000r/min, and the centrifugation time is 5-10min, preferably 7 min.
Further, the temperature of vacuum drying in step (5) is 60-80 ℃, preferably 70 ℃, and the drying time is 10-15 h, preferably 12h, such as 10h, 12h, 14h, 15 h; the vacuum degree is not more than 125Pa, and 125Pa, 115 Pa, 100 Pa and 95Pa can be selected.
MoTe2MoTe prepared by preparation method of/MXene composite material2the/MXene composite material.
A potassium ion battery negative electrode comprises the MoTe2/MXene composite material.
A potassium ion battery includes the above battery negative electrode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) and simple MoTe2Compared with the material, the MoTe prepared by the solvothermal method in the invention2The MXene serves as a buffer substrate, so that huge volume expansion of the electrode material in the charge-discharge cycle process is effectively relieved, and the electrode material is prevented from being crushed and falling off in the charge-discharge process.
(2) Compared with a pure MXene material, MoTe is used in the invention2When the active potassium ion source is loaded on MXene, the interlamellar spacing of the MXene material can be further increased, the specific surface area of the material is increased, the electrode material and electrolyte can be fully infiltrated, the ion diffusivity is improved, and additional active sites can be obtained, so that the potassium storage performance of the material can be improved;
(3) MoTe in the invention2the/MXene composite material is simple in preparation method, low in cost, green, environment-friendly and wide in resource, and is suitable for large-scale preparation and application of potassium ion batteries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows MoTe in example 22Scanning electron microscope images of the/MXene composite material;
FIG. 2 shows MoTe in example 22A measured cycle performance diagram of the/MXene composite material;
FIG. 3 is a graph of MoTe alone in comparative example 12A measured cycle performance profile of the material;
fig. 4 is a graph of the cycling performance of the simple MXene material of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
For better explanation of the present invention, the following specific examples are further illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to the specific examples.
Wherein the materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Wherein the materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified;
the Ti3C2TxThe granule is purchased from Beijing KeNew materials science and technology limited, code BK2020011814, size: 1-5 μm, purity: 99%, product application field: energy storage, catalysis, analytical chemistry, and the like.
The method is a conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The invention provides MoTe2Method for producing/MXene composite materials, in which MoTe is present2See:
' A sheet-shaped semimetal MoTe2Cu and flaky semi-metal MoTe2Preparation method and process of Cu/RGO "
Example 1
MoTe2The preparation method of the/MXene composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting 300mg MXene (Ti)3C2Tx) Adding into ethylene glycol, magnetically stirring for 3 hr to obtain 10mg/ml dispersion;
(2) 0.1mol of H8Mo4N2O13·2H2Adding O and 0.3mol of potassium tellurite into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 8 hours to obtain a suspension;
(3) transferring the suspension obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle with the capacity of 50ml, sealing, placing in an oven, heating to 120 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, and then cooling to room temperature;
(4) centrifuging the product obtained in the step (3) for 5 minutes under the condition of 4000r/min, and alternately washing the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol;
(5) drying the product obtained in the step (4) in a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain MoTe2the/MXene composite material.
Mixing MoTe2Mixing the/MXene composite material with polyvinylidene fluoride and carbon black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1: 1, adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring to form uniform slurry, coating the uniform slurry on a current collector, performing vacuum drying and slicing to prepare a potassium ion battery negative plate, assembling the potassium ion battery negative plate into a button battery, and testing the electrochemical performance of the button battery.
MoTe prepared in this example2/MXene compositeThe material has a reversible specific capacity of 361mAh/g after 200 cycles under the current density of 100mA/g, and is pure MoTe23.92 times of (92mAh/g) and 3.57 times of simple MXene (101.5 mAh/g). MoTe in the example2the/MXene composite material has higher coulombic efficiency and excellent cycle stability, and is an ideal potassium ion battery cathode material.
Example 2
MoTe2The preparation method of the/MXene composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) taking 900mg of MXene (Ti)3C2Tx) Adding into ethylene glycol, magnetically stirring for 4 hr to obtain 30mg/ml dispersion;
(2) 0.3mol of H8Mo4N2O13·2H2Adding O and 1.5mol of potassium tellurite into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 15 hours to obtain a suspension;
(3) transferring the suspension obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle with the capacity of 50ml, sealing, placing in an oven, heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 18h, and then cooling to room temperature;
(4) centrifuging the product obtained in the step (3) for 7 minutes under the condition of 6000r/min, and alternately washing the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol;
(5) drying the product obtained in the step (4) in a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain MoTe2the/MXene composite material.
Mixing MoTe2Mixing the/MXene composite material with polyvinylidene fluoride and carbon black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1: 1, adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring to form uniform slurry, coating the uniform slurry on a current collector, performing vacuum drying and slicing to prepare a potassium ion battery negative plate, assembling the potassium ion battery negative plate into a button battery, and testing the electrochemical performance of the button battery.
MoTe prepared in this example2The reversible specific capacity of the/MXene composite material is 426mAh/g after 200 cycles of circulation under the current density of 100mA/g, and the material is pure MoTe24.63 times of (92mAh/g) and 4.21 times of simple MXene (101.5 mAh/g). MoTe in the example2/MXeneThe composite material has higher coulombic efficiency and excellent cycle stability, and is an ideal potassium ion battery cathode material.
Example 3
MoTe2The preparation method of the/MXene composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 1500mg of MXene (Ti) were taken3C2Tx) Adding into ethylene glycol, magnetically stirring for 6 hr to obtain 50mg/ml dispersion;
(2) 0.3mol of H8Mo4N2O13·2H2Adding O and 2.4mol of potassium tellurite into the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1), and stirring for 8 hours to obtain a suspension;
(3) transferring the suspension obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle with the capacity of 50ml, sealing, placing in an oven, heating to 200 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and then cooling to room temperature;
(4) centrifuging the product obtained in the step (3) for 8 minutes under the condition of 7000r/min, and alternately washing the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol;
(5) drying the product obtained in the step (4) in a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain the MoTe2the/MXene composite material.
Mixing MoTe2Mixing the/MXene composite material with polyvinylidene fluoride and carbon black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1: 1, adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring to form uniform slurry, coating the uniform slurry on a current collector, performing vacuum drying and slicing to prepare a potassium ion battery negative plate, assembling the potassium ion battery negative plate into a button battery, and testing the electrochemical performance of the button battery.
MoTe prepared in this example2The reversible specific capacity of the/MXene composite material is 398mAh/g after 200 cycles under the current density of 100mA/g, and the material is pure MoTe24.33 times (92mAh/g) and 3.94 times of simple MXene (101.5 mAh/g). And MoTe in the present example2the/MXene composite material has higher coulombic efficiency and excellent cycle stability, and is an ideal potassium ion battery cathode material.
Comparative example 1
Pure MoTe2The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.3mol of H8Mo4N2O13·2H2Adding O and 1.5mol of potassium tellurite into ethylene glycol, and stirring for 15 hours to prepare a dispersion liquid of 30 mg/ml;
(2) transferring the uniform dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) into a reaction kettle with the capacity of 50ml, sealing, placing in an oven, heating to 160 ℃, preserving heat for 18h, and then cooling to room temperature;
(3) centrifuging the product obtained in the step (2) for 7 minutes under the condition of 6000r/min, and alternately washing the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol;
(4) drying the centrifugal product obtained in the step (3) in a vacuum drying oven at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the MoTe2A material.
Mixing MoTe2Mixing the material with polyvinylidene fluoride and carbon black according to the weight ratio of 8: 1: 1, adding a proper amount of N-methyl pyrrolidone, stirring to form uniform slurry, coating the uniform slurry on a current collector, and preparing the potassium ion battery negative plate after vacuum drying and slicing.
MoTe prepared in this comparative example2The reversible specific capacity of the material is 92mAh/g after 200 cycles under the current density of 100 mA/g.
Comparative example 2
Weighing 80mg of MXene material, 10mg of super P and 10mg of polyvinylidene fluoride binder, mixing, adding a small amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, stirring, coating on a copper foil, drying at 90 ℃ for 3 hours, cutting the copper foil into a round shape by using a slicing machine to serve as a working electrode, drying, putting the round shape into an inert atmosphere glove box with oxygen and water contents lower than 0.4ppm, and assembling into a 2032 type button battery by using a metal potassium sheet as a counter electrode and glass fiber as a diaphragm.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the cycle performance of MXene material assembled potassium ion batteries measured at a current density of 100 mA/g.
As can be seen from the figure, the MXene material assembled potassium ion battery has good cycling stability in the charging and discharging processes under the current density of 100mA/g, but the specific capacity is smaller and is 101.1mA h/g.
Performance testing
Subjecting each group of materials to specific surface area, MoTe2The test method for the load capacity and the specific capacity after 200 cycles of circulation comprises the following steps:
BET specific surface area test method for specific surface area, MoTe2The specific capacity after 200 cycles is shown in each specific example. See table 1 for the results of the performance tests of each group.
Table 1: comparison of Performance test results
Figure RE-GDA0002791012600000071
As can be seen from Table 1, the MoTe of the present invention2The specific surface area and the specific capacity after circulating 200 circles of the/MXene composite material are both larger than that of pure MoTe2Materials and pure MXene materials; as can be seen from FIG. 1, MoTe2The nano material is uniformly distributed in the layered Mxene and MoTe2The distance between the Mxene sheets can be enlarged by introducing the nano material, and the sheets are prevented from being stacked; as can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 4, the cycle stability and specific capacity of the MoTe2/MXene composite material are also greater than those of a pure MoTe2 material and a pure MXene material, which shows that the MoTe2/MXene composite material has more excellent electrochemical performance, and the materials have advantages and disadvantages, are synergistic with each other, and completely meet the requirement of rapid reversible deintercalation of potassium ions. The MXene is used as a buffer substrate, so that huge volume expansion of the electrode material in the charge-discharge cycle process is effectively relieved, and the electrode material is prevented from being crushed and falling off in the charge-discharge process; by mixing MoTe2When the active potassium ion source is loaded on MXene, the interlamellar spacing of the MXene material can be further increased, the specific surface area of the material is increased, the electrode material and electrolyte can be fully infiltrated, the ion diffusivity is improved, and additional active sites can be obtained, so that the potassium storage performance of the material can be improved.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims appended hereto, as well as the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. Potassium ion battery negative electrode material MoTe2The preparation method of the/MXene composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adding MXene material into dispersant to prepare dispersion liquid with concentration of 10-50 mg/ml;
(2) mixing a molybdenum source material and a tellurium source material in a ratio of 1: adding the mixture into the dispersion liquid according to a molar ratio of 3-8 to prepare a suspension;
(3) transferring the suspension into a reaction kettle, heating to 120-200 ℃, preserving heat for 12-24h, cooling, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the potassium ion battery cathode material MoTe2a/MXene composite;
the negative electrode material MoTe of the potassium ion battery2MoTe in/MXene composite material2The loading amount is 80-200 wt%;
the MXene is Ti3C2Tx、Ti2CTx、Ti3CN Tx、Nb2CTx、Ta4C3TxWherein T isxIs a surface functional group-O, -F or-OH;
the molybdenum source material is H8Mo4N2O13·2H2O、H3Mo12O40P、H24Mo7N6O24·4H2One or more of O;
the tellurium source material is one or more of potassium tellurite, tellurium tetrachloride and biphenyl ditelluride.
2. The potassium ion battery anode material MoTe according to claim 12The preparation method of the/MXene composite material is characterized in that the dispersing agent is one or more of ethylene glycol, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol.
3. The potassium ion battery anode material MoTe according to claim 12The preparation method of the/MXene composite material is characterized in that the centrifugal rotating speed in the step (3) is 4000-7000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5-10 min.
4. The potassium ion battery anode material MoTe according to claim 12The preparation method of the/MXene composite material is characterized in that the drying in the step (3) adopts vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, the drying time is 10-15 h, and the vacuum degree is not more than 125 Pa.
5. A potassium ion battery negative electrode, characterized in that, it comprises the potassium ion battery negative electrode material MoTe prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 42the/MXene composite material.
6. A potassium ion battery comprising the potassium ion battery negative electrode according to claim 5.
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