CN112226758A - Wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112226758A
CN112226758A CN202010982100.4A CN202010982100A CN112226758A CN 112226758 A CN112226758 A CN 112226758A CN 202010982100 A CN202010982100 A CN 202010982100A CN 112226758 A CN112226758 A CN 112226758A
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powder
wear
resistant
entropy alloy
coating
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CN112226758B (en
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连勇
张津
马旻昱
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

Abstract

The invention provides a wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating comprises the following alloy components in percentage by mass: 15-21% of Fe, 15-21% of Co, 26-35% of Cr, 15-21% of Ni, 11-18% of Nb, 1-6% of Si, 0.1-1.2% of C and 1-2% of CeO2The coating is prepared by a preset powder method and a coaxial powder feeding method. The preset powder method comprises the steps of weighing Co, Cr, Fe, FeNb and FeSi powder, FeCrC powder and CeO2 powder according to target coating components, uniformly mixing, drying at 80-150 ℃ for 1-4 h, uniformly pre-paving the dried mixed powder on the surface of a substrate, wherein the thickness is 0.6-1.3mm, and cladding the powder on the surface of the substrate by laser to form the wear-resistant and oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating. The coaxial powder feeding method is that the alloy powder is prepared by adopting a smelting gas atomization method according to the content of Co, Cr, Fe, Nb, Si and C in the coating, and then the alloy powder and CeO are mixed2Uniformly mixing the powder, drying at 80-150 ℃ for 1-4 h, putting the dried powder into a container, and conveyingIn the powder cylinder, nitrogen is adopted to protect and send powder, and the powder is cladded on the surface of the matrix by laser to form the wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating.

Description

Wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coating preparation, and relates to a wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating and a preparation method thereof, which are suitable for material surface protection and part repair.
Background
In the aviation industry, the energy power industry and the metallurgical process, parts which fail due to high-temperature environments (such as high-temperature abrasion, high-temperature oxidation and the like) are increasing day by day, and materials with beneficial high-temperature performance can effectively prolong the service life of the parts. The high-temperature resistant coating is an important means for improving the performance of parts by coating the surface of the material. The requirement on the high-temperature performance of parts in industrial production can be met, and the cost of industrial production and the repair cost can be reduced.
The high-entropy alloy is a multi-principal-element alloy and is an alloy formed by four or more than four equivalent or approximately equivalent metals, the high-temperature performance of the high-entropy alloy is far superior to that of the traditional alloy due to special alloy components, but the preparation cost of the high-entropy alloy is high due to high alloy content of the high-entropy alloy, the high-entropy alloy is difficult to apply in a large area, and the cost of the coating preparation can be greatly saved. However, the high-entropy alloy of face-centered cubic mainly made of FeCoCrNi has low high-temperature strength, the wear resistance often cannot meet the requirements of working conditions, and a reinforcing phase needs to be introduced to improve the wear resistance. By mixing hard ceramic powder particles (e.g. WC, Al)2O3、Si3N4) The high-temperature wear-resisting ceramic powder is added into a high-entropy alloy coating to serve as a strengthening phase, so that the high-temperature wear-resisting property of the coating is improved by a common means, but the difference of the physical properties of the ceramic powder and the metal material is large, the interface of the ceramic powder and the metal material is easy to become a crack initiation source, and the coating is cracked and fails. In addition, because the difference of the thermal physical properties such as melting point, specific heat, expansion coefficient and the like exists among different types of metal elements in the high-entropy alloy powder, the forming quality and the surface continuity of a coating are difficult to control in the laser cladding process, so that the manufacturing of the high-entropy alloy powder system special for laser cladding and the control of the laser cladding process have very important significance.
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a high-entropy alloy coating system for laser cladding, wherein the coating has good fluidity during the laser cladding process, so as to ensure that good coating quality of the coating is easily obtained after laser cladding, meanwhile, some protective elements are added into the coating, so as to ensure burning loss of important elements, nano-ceramic strengthening phases are generated in situ by utilizing affinity among the elements to improve wear resistance and oxidation resistance of the coating, and crack sensitivity of the coating is further reduced by adding some active elements, so that the coating has various excellent performances such as high hardness, high temperature wear resistance, high temperature oxidation corrosion resistance, and the like. The preparation process of the coating is stable and reliable, the quality of the coating is good, and the coating has good engineering application value.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-21% of Fe, 15-21% of Co, 26-35% of Cr, 15-21% of Ni, 11-18% of Nb, 1-6% of Si, 0.1-1.2% of C and 1-2% of CeO2
The preparation method of the wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating is prepared by adopting a pre-laying powder method and comprises the following steps:
1) weighing powder including Co, Cr, Fe, FeNb, FeSi powder, FeCrC and CeO according to target coating component2Powder;
2) uniformly mixing the weighed powder, and drying at the temperature of 80-150 ℃ for 1-4 h to obtain dry mixed powder;
3) uniformly pre-paving the dried mixed powder on the surface of a matrix, wherein the thickness is 0.6-1.5 mm, adding no adhesive in the pre-paving process, and cladding the powder on the surface of the matrix by using laser to form a wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating.
Further, the particle size of the powder in the step 1) is 30-80 μm.
Further, the ball-milling method adopted in the homogenizing mixing in the step 2) has the ball-material ratio of 2-5: 1, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 30-100 r/min, and the ball milling time is 8-24 h.
Further, the specific process of cladding the powder on the surface of the substrate by the laser in the step 3) is that the diameter of the laser beam is 1-8 mm, and the laser power density is 150-350W/mm2The scanning speed is 100-.
The preparation method of the wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating is prepared by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method and comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparing and smelting into an alloy melt according to the content of Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Nb, Si and C in the coating components in proportion, and preparing alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
2) adding 1-2% of CeO into alloy powder2Powder is mechanically and uniformly mixed for 8-24 hours to obtain mixed powder;
3) drying the mixed powder at the temperature of 80-150 ℃ for 1-4 h to obtain dry powder;
4) and (3) putting the dried powder into a powder feeding barrel, feeding the powder by adopting nitrogen, and cladding the powder on the surface of the matrix by utilizing laser to form the wear-resistant and oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating.
Further, the particle size of the spherical powder prepared in the step 1) is 50-100 μm.
Further, CeO in step 2)2The particle size of the powder is 30-80 μm.
Further, the laser cladding process in the step 4) is that the diameter of a laser beam is 1-5 mm, and the laser power density is 150-350W/mm2The scanning speed is 100-600 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 10-20 g/min, and the lap joint rate is 30-50%.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
the high-entropy alloy coating mainly comprises five metal elements of Fe, Co, Cr, Ni and Nb, wherein the atomic percentage of any one of the five metal elements in the high-entropy alloy powder is 5-35%, and compared with the prior art, the high-entropy alloy coating enables a coating system to be close to an eutectic composition point by controlling the proportion of the five elements, so that the fluidity of a molten pool in a cladding process is improved, the forming quality of the coating is greatly improved, and the good coating quality of the coating is more easily obtained. By adding the non-metallic element Si with the content accounting for 1-10% of the total powder mass percent, deoxidation and slagging are carried out in the laser cladding process, and the burning loss of the coating in the laser cladding process is protected.
In order to improve the hardness of the coating, 0.1-1.2% of C is added into the coating, and the whole coating formulaIn the process, Nb is a strong carbide forming element, so that NbC ceramic is formed by utilizing the point in the cladding process, the high-temperature performance of the coating is improved, and meanwhile, Nb is stabilized, and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coating is improved. And adding 1-2% of CeO2The active elements reduce the crack sensitivity of the coating, thereby improving the crack propagation resistance of the composite coating and ensuring the service life of the coating.
In the preparation process, in order to ensure that the mixed powder is not oxidized, a ball milling and mixing method with low rotating speed, a small amount of balls and long time is adopted, so that the powder is uniformly mixed while not being oxidized. The mixed powder is dried at a temperature lower than 80 ℃ so that the dryness of the powder cannot be guaranteed, and a small amount of powder in the mixed powder is oxidized at a temperature higher than 150 ℃ so that the cladding quality is influenced, so that 80-150 ℃ is selected for drying.
Because the coating has higher hardness and MC strengthening particles, in the process of preparing the coating by laser cladding, higher energy input and lower scanning speed are selected, the linear energy density in the cladding process is controlled, the residual stress in the cladding process is reduced, and the coating can obtain compact, fine and dispersedly distributed MC particles while the coating is ensured not to crack.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the coating has good fluidity in laser cladding, and good coating quality of the coating is easy to obtain. Because the content of the coating element is high, the cost problem needs to be considered when the coating is used, and a preset powder method is suitable for being adopted in the process of carrying out small-range repair, so that the cost can be greatly reduced; when the material surface coating is prepared, a coaxial powder feeding method is adopted, the preparation efficiency can be improved, and different preparation methods can greatly ensure the engineering application of the high-entropy alloy in the surface modification of the laser material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating structure.
FIG. 2 is a shape of a dispersed MC strengthening phase in the wear-resistant anti-oxidation high-entropy alloy coating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the features and advantages of the coating according to the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, wherein the methods not described are all conventional methods.
Example 1
13% of Fe powder, 17% of Co powder, 23% of Cr powder, 18% of Ni powder, 14% of Nb powder, 4% of FeSi75-A powder (containing 74-80% of Si), 10% of FeCr55C10 powder (containing 60-65% of Cr, containing 10% of C and the balance of Fe) and 1% of CeO2The powder is put into a ball mill with the size of 75 μm, the ball-material ratio of 5:1 and the rotation speed of 80r/min, and is evenly mixed for 10 hours. Mixing the mixed powder with a shellac alcohol solution, blending into paste, coating on the surface of H13 steel, adopting a multimode fiber laser, wherein the diameter of a light beam is 3mm, the laser power is 1200W, the scanning speed is 400mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, and cladding is carried out, so that the hardness of the obtained coating is about 890 HV. The coating is oxidized in the air at 700 ℃ for 100 hours, and the weight gain is only 0.07 percent.
Example 2
The high-entropy alloy powder is prepared by using an atomization forming method, and the chemical mass of the coating components are 17% of Fe, 18% of Co, 30% of Cr, 17% of Ni, 14% of Nb, 3% of Si and 1% of C. Adding 1% of CeO into the high-entropy alloy powder2The powder is put into a double-motion powder mixer, the rotating speed is 30r/min, and the powder is evenly mixed for 20 hours. The mixed powder is put into powder feeding gas, and the powder feeding gas is N2The method adopts a multimode fiber laser, the powder feeding rate is 10g/min, the beam diameter is 3mm, the laser power is 2000W, the scanning speed is 300mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, cladding is carried out, and the hardness of the obtained coating is about 920 HV. The coating is N at 700 DEG C2,CO2And H2The weight gain is only 0.09 percent after the oxidation in the mixed gas of O for 100 hours.
The above embodiments are only used for explaining the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 15-21% of Fe, 15-21% of Co, 26-35% of Cr, 15-21% of Ni, 11-18% of Nb, 1-6% of Si, 0.1-1.2% of C and 1-2% of CeO2
2. The preparation method of the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by being prepared by a pre-powder-paving method and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) weighing powder including Co, Cr, Fe, FeNb, FeSi powder, FeCrC and CeO according to target coating component2Powder;
2) uniformly mixing the weighed powder, and drying at the temperature of 80-150 ℃ for 1-4 h to obtain dry mixed powder;
3) uniformly pre-paving the dried mixed powder on the surface of a matrix, wherein the thickness is 0.6-1.5 mm, adding no adhesive in the pre-paving process, and cladding the powder on the surface of the matrix by using laser to form a wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating.
3. The preparation method of the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the powder particle size in the step 1) is 30-80 μm.
4. The preparation method of the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ball-milling method adopted in the homogenizing mixing in the step 2) is characterized in that the ball-material ratio is 2-5: 1, the rotating speed of a ball mill is 30-100 r/min, and the ball-milling time is 8-24 h.
5. The preparation method of the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method comprises the step ofIs characterized in that the specific process of cladding the powder on the surface of the matrix by laser in the step 3) is that the diameter of the laser beam is 1-8 mm, and the laser power density is 150-350W/mm2The scanning speed is 100-.
6. The preparation method of the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by adopting a coaxial powder feeding method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and smelting into an alloy melt according to the content of Fe, Co, Cr, Ni, Nb, Si and C in the coating components in proportion, and preparing alloy powder by a gas atomization method;
2) adding 1-2% of CeO into alloy powder2Powder is mechanically and uniformly mixed for 8-24 hours to obtain mixed powder;
3) drying the mixed powder at the temperature of 80-150 ℃ for 1-4 h to obtain dry powder;
4) and (3) putting the dried powder into a powder feeding barrel, feeding the powder by adopting nitrogen, and cladding the powder on the surface of the matrix by utilizing laser to form the wear-resistant and oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the particle size of the spherical powder prepared in the step 1) is 50-100 μm.
8. The method for preparing the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the CeO in the step 2)2The particle size of the powder is 30-80 μm.
9. The preparation method of the wear-resistant oxidation-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the specific process of cladding the powder on the surface of the substrate by using laser in the step 4) is that the diameter of the laser beam is 1-5 mm, and the laser power density is 150-350W/mm2The scanning speed is 100-600 mm/min, the powder feeding speed is 10-20 g/min, and the lap joint rate is 30-50%.
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CN113445041A (en) * 2021-07-15 2021-09-28 山东理工大学 Preparation method of low-cost light high-entropy alloy/aluminum oxide composite coating on surface of magnesium alloy
CN113634756A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-12 重庆增隆新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of high-temperature alloy spherical powder material
CN114836748A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-08-02 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 Preparation method of hard alloy drill tooth with high-entropy alloy coating
CN114959690A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-30 绍兴昌杰机械有限公司 Method and equipment for repairing mold crack
CN115007870A (en) * 2022-01-04 2022-09-06 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of powder for generating high-entropy alloy coating through laser aluminothermic reduction
CN115287652A (en) * 2022-08-18 2022-11-04 扬州大学 Erosion-resistant cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and preparation method thereof
CN115449790A (en) * 2022-10-14 2022-12-09 长沙理工大学 Wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy cladding layer for propeller remanufacturing and preparation method
CN115505816A (en) * 2022-10-27 2022-12-23 北京科技大学 Cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder, cavitation-erosion-resistant coating and preparation method of cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder

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CN113634756A (en) * 2021-07-09 2021-11-12 重庆增隆新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method of high-temperature alloy spherical powder material
CN113445041A (en) * 2021-07-15 2021-09-28 山东理工大学 Preparation method of low-cost light high-entropy alloy/aluminum oxide composite coating on surface of magnesium alloy
CN113445041B (en) * 2021-07-15 2022-02-25 山东理工大学 Preparation method of low-cost light high-entropy alloy/aluminum oxide composite coating on surface of magnesium alloy
CN115007870B (en) * 2022-01-04 2024-04-19 昆明理工大学 Powder preparation method for generating high-entropy alloy coating through laser thermite reduction
CN115007870A (en) * 2022-01-04 2022-09-06 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of powder for generating high-entropy alloy coating through laser aluminothermic reduction
CN114836748A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-08-02 北京中煤矿山工程有限公司 Preparation method of hard alloy drill tooth with high-entropy alloy coating
CN114959690B (en) * 2022-06-08 2023-07-25 绍兴昌杰机械有限公司 Method and equipment for repairing mold cracks
CN114959690A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-30 绍兴昌杰机械有限公司 Method and equipment for repairing mold crack
CN115287652A (en) * 2022-08-18 2022-11-04 扬州大学 Erosion-resistant cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and preparation method thereof
CN115287652B (en) * 2022-08-18 2023-09-29 扬州大学 Anti-erosion cavitation-resistant high-entropy alloy-based coating and preparation method thereof
CN115449790A (en) * 2022-10-14 2022-12-09 长沙理工大学 Wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy cladding layer for propeller remanufacturing and preparation method
CN115449790B (en) * 2022-10-14 2024-01-19 长沙理工大学 Wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-entropy alloy cladding layer for remanufacturing of propeller and preparation method
CN115505816A (en) * 2022-10-27 2022-12-23 北京科技大学 Cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder, cavitation-erosion-resistant coating and preparation method of cavitation-erosion-resistant Fe-based high-entropy alloy powder

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