CN112226756A - Machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding - Google Patents
Machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding Download PDFInfo
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- CN112226756A CN112226756A CN202010775209.0A CN202010775209A CN112226756A CN 112226756 A CN112226756 A CN 112226756A CN 202010775209 A CN202010775209 A CN 202010775209A CN 112226756 A CN112226756 A CN 112226756A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding, and belongs to the technical field of laser remanufacturing. Comprises seven steps: 1: cleaning the surface of the main shaft to remove oil stains; 2: detecting the recovered parts by applying a detection technology according to the damage mechanism and the damage characteristic theory of the parts; 3: comprehensively analyzing the residual value of the spindle according to the spindle damage detection result, and judging whether to remanufacture the spindle; 4: removing the damaged surface layer of the main shaft according to the technical requirements of laser remanufacturing; 5: selecting a process and a material to carry out laser remanufacturing processing on the main shaft, and forming a metallurgical bonding laser cladding layer on the surface of the main shaft; 6: the main shaft is restored to the original size and precision through post-treatment; 7: detecting and judging the repair quality, and returning to the step 4 to re-manufacture if the repair quality is unqualified; and if the spindle is qualified, laser remanufacturing of the spindle is finished. The remanufacturing process of the spindle is standard, and the spindle surface coating with good tensile strength and microhardness is finally obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding, and belongs to the technical field of laser remanufacturing.
Background
When the damaged spindle is remanufactured, the repair quality and performance of the remanufactured spindle are directly determined by the selection and implementation effects of the remanufacturing process, and the key point for influencing whether the spindle can meet the quality requirement and be put into use again is located.
The laser remanufacturing technology is applied to remanufacture the failed main shaft, and a high-strength metal coating can be formed on the surface of the failed main shaft, so that the aims of repairing the surface damage of the main shaft and prolonging the service life of the main shaft are fulfilled. However, the laser remanufacturing process is complex, and the forming quality of the coating has large difference according to different process implementation levels. Therefore, a method for remanufacturing the machine tool spindle based on laser cladding is urgently needed to improve the remanufacturing quality of the spindle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects, the invention provides the machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the surface of the main shaft to be repaired by using clear water, alcohol, acetone cleaning agent and the like, removing impurities such as oil stains, dust and the like, and exposing the damaged part of the main shaft;
step 2: detecting the recycled parts by applying a detection technology according to a part damage mechanism and a damage characteristic theory, wherein the detection contents mainly comprise defects such as local deformation, abrasion, cracks and the like;
and step 3: comprehensively analyzing the residual value of the spindle according to the damage detection result of the spindle, and judging whether the spindle is remanufactured or not;
and 4, step 4: according to the technical requirements of laser remanufacturing, removing a damaged surface layer of the spindle, and cleaning the spindle by using a cleaning agent;
and 5: selecting a process and a material to carry out laser remanufacturing processing on the main shaft, and forming a laser cladding layer in metallurgical bonding on the surface of the main shaft;
step 6: carrying out post-treatment on the surface of the repaired cladding layer to restore the original size and precision of the main shaft;
and 7: detecting the dimensional accuracy and the mechanical property of the repaired main shaft, judging the repair quality, and returning to the step 4 to re-manufacture if the repair quality is unqualified; and if the spindle is qualified, laser remanufacturing of the spindle is finished.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the machining modes in the step 4 and the step 6 include turning and grinding.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, the laser processing mode in step 5 is in-light coaxial powder feeding laser cladding, the powder feeding mode is four-way powder feeding, the shielding gas is argon, and the diameter of the light spot is 2mm (millimeter).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical property test in step 7 includes microhardness and tensile strength.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the invention provides a machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding, which can be used for carrying out detailed and comprehensive analysis on the full remanufacturing period from spindle recycling to remanufacturing completion, comprehensively considering factors which may influence the repairing quality, further providing guidance for spindle laser in the manufacturing process and finally obtaining a remanufactured spindle with higher repairing quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a spindle laser remanufacturing process.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus.
Figure 3 is a recovered damaged CW6163 lathe spindle.
Fig. 4a and 4b are graphs of surface damage for a failed spindle, with typical abrasive wear in fig. 4a and adhesive wear in fig. 4 b.
Fig. 5 shows spindle deformation detection using GOM software.
Figure 6 shows a remanufactured spindle blank with the pre-treatment completed.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a spindle laser cladding planning path.
Fig. 8 is a surface of the spindle after laser cladding.
Fig. 9 shows the spindle surface after completion of the post-treatment.
Fig. 10 is a microhardness test of the spindle repair layer.
Fig. 11 is a tensile strength test of the spindle repair layer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The sequence numbers in the figures illustrate: 1-laser, 2-transmission optical fiber, 3-water cooling machine, 4-processing head, 5-machine tool body, 6-powder feeder, 7-complete machine motion control system, 8-rapid forming software and 9-milling cutter. Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a spindle laser remanufacturing process. As shown in fig. 1, first, the surface of the spindle is cleaned; then, carrying out main shaft damage detection and residual value evaluation; if the remanufacturing value is not available, the damaged surface is discarded, and the laser remanufacturing processing and the post-remanufacturing processing are sequentially carried out if the remanufacturing value is available; and then carrying out repair quality detection, and if the quality is unqualified, sequentially carrying out damaged surface pretreatment, laser remanufacturing and processing and remanufacturing post-treatment, and if the quality is qualified, finishing remanufacturing. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of 3D printing equipment, and as shown in the figure, the 3D printing equipment comprises a laser 1, a transmission optical fiber 2, a water cooling machine 3, a processing head 4, a machine tool main body 5, a powder feeder 6, a complete machine motion control system 7, rapid prototyping software 8 and a milling cutter 9, so that laser remanufacturing processing can be performed. Figure 3 shows the recovered damaged CW6163 lathe spindle.
The method of this example is as follows:
the surface of the main shaft to be repaired is cleaned by clean water, alcohol, acetone cleaning agent and the like, impurities such as oil stains, dust and the like are removed, and the damaged part of the main shaft is exposed.
Detecting the recycled parts by applying a detection technology according to a part damage mechanism and a damage characteristic theory, wherein the detection contents mainly comprise defects such as local deformation, abrasion, cracks and the like;
the surface of the spindle was observed to have severe wear. With typical abrasive wear in figure 4 a. The main shaft forms an indentation under long-term extrusion, and a plurality of scratches are generated because the abrasive dust falls off to cut and cut the shaft body; fig. 4b is adhesive wear, and significant adhesive point scratching was observed.
The deformation of the spindle was analyzed using a GOM optical scanner, and the results are shown in FIG. 5. After long-term use, the top end of the main shaft is seriously deformed, and the maximum deformation reaches 0.2139 mm. As shown in fig. 5, the spindle deformation detection is performed by using the GOM software.
And removing the damaged part by adopting a machining method. As the outer cylindrical surface of the main shaft to be repaired is the surface of the revolving body, the outer surface of the shaft section is turned by using a CAK6150 common lathe, and the deformation and damage traces of the main shaft outside the specified size are removed. The finished blank to be repaired, as shown in fig. 6, can be directly used for laser remanufacturing.
Laser remanufacturing material selection: the base material of the main shaft is 45# steel, and 304 stainless steel-based self-fluxing alloy powder with the granularity of 200 meshes is selected as a repairing material. The material element composition is as in table 1 below.
TABLE 145 # Steel and 304 stainless Steel elemental composition comparison Table
The melting points and thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials are relatively close, as shown in table 2 below. The formed laser repair layer can effectively reduce internal stress and achieve a good repair effect.
TABLE 2 comparison of Material Properties
| Name of Material | Thermal expansion coefficient/10-6·C-1 | Melting Point C |
| 45# Steel | 11.59 | 1480-1495 |
| 304 stainless steel | 17.30 | 1398-1420 |
Planning a laser cladding path: the laser processing is performed along the rotation path of the spindle by fixing the position of the laser head and rotating the spindle about the axis. And taking a track generated by one rotation of the main shaft as a cladding channel, and then translating the main shaft to lap the cladding channels. The lap ratio was set to 40%. As shown in fig. 7, a schematic diagram of a planned path for spindle laser cladding is shown.
Remanufacturing and processing: and remanufacturing the damaged spindle by adopting a coaxial powder feeding laser cladding mode. The process parameters such as laser power, laser scanning speed and powder feeding speed are set as shown in the table below.
TABLE 3 laser remanufacturing process parameter table for main shaft
The spindle that completed the laser remanufacturing is as in figure 8. The surface of the steel plate is judged to be smooth preliminarily and has no obvious defects.
And carrying out post-treatment on the spindle subjected to laser remanufacturing processing. And sequentially polishing the outer surface of the repairing layer by using a lathe and a cylindrical grinding machine to ensure that the surface roughness of the main shaft meets the requirement. The remanufactured spindle after completion of the post-processing is shown in fig. 9.
The properties such as microhardness, tensile strength, and the like of the repair area were tested using a microhardness tester, a tensile tester, and the like, and the obtained data are shown in fig. 10 and 11. In fig. 10 and 11, the english "cladding layer" is the cladding layer, "Stress" is the strength, and "Stress" is the pressure.
Comprehensive analysis and detection results show that the cladding layer of the shaft part has good cladding appearance and compact lap joint. The hardness of the repair shaft cladding layer is 46-50.3 HRC. After the repairing, the maximum load borne by the main shaft is 20.72kN (kilonewtons), the strength limit is 886.86MPa, and the yield limit is 472.1MPa, so that the quality standard of the main shaft is achieved. Therefore, the remanufactured main shaft meets the requirements of actual working conditions.
The above preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A remanufacturing method of a machine tool spindle based on laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: cleaning the surface of the main shaft to be repaired by using clear water, alcohol, acetone cleaning agent and the like, removing impurities such as oil stains, dust and the like, and exposing the damaged part of the main shaft;
step 2: detecting the recycled parts by applying a detection technology according to a part damage mechanism and a damage characteristic theory, wherein the detection contents mainly comprise defects such as local deformation, abrasion, cracks and the like;
and step 3: comprehensively analyzing the residual value of the spindle according to the damage detection result of the spindle, and judging whether the spindle is remanufactured or not;
and 4, step 4: according to the technical requirements of laser remanufacturing, removing a damaged surface layer of the spindle, and cleaning the spindle by using a cleaning agent;
and 5: selecting a process and a material to carry out laser remanufacturing processing on the main shaft, and forming a laser cladding layer in metallurgical bonding on the surface of the main shaft;
step 6: carrying out post-treatment on the surface of the repaired cladding layer to restore the original size and precision of the main shaft;
and 7: detecting the dimensional accuracy and the mechanical property of the repaired main shaft, judging the repair quality, and returning to the step 4 to re-manufacture if the repair quality is unqualified; and if the spindle is qualified, laser remanufacturing of the spindle is finished.
2. The laser cladding-based machine tool spindle remanufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the machining modes in the step 4 and the step 6 comprise turning and grinding.
3. The machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser processing mode in step 5 is in-beam coaxial powder feeding laser cladding, the powder feeding mode is four-way powder feeding, the shielding gas is argon gas, and the diameter of a light spot is 2 mm.
4. The laser cladding-based machine tool spindle remanufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mechanical property detection in the step 7 comprises microhardness and tensile strength.
5. The laser cladding-based machine tool spindle remanufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step 5 comprises laser cladding path planning: the laser processing method comprises the steps of fixing the position of a laser head during laser processing, enabling the laser processing to be carried out along the rotation path of a main shaft in a mode that the main shaft rotates around an axis, taking a track generated by one circle of rotation of the main shaft as a cladding channel, and then translating the main shaft to carry out lap joint among the cladding channels, wherein the lap joint rate is set to be 40%.
6. The laser cladding-based machine tool spindle remanufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 5, the process parameters are set as follows:
laser power: 700W;
laser scanning speed: 480 mm/min;
powder feeding speed: 10 g/min;
layering thickness: 0.37 mm;
the lap joint width: 0.92 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010775209.0A CN112226756A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding |
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| CN202010775209.0A CN112226756A (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Machine tool spindle remanufacturing method based on laser cladding |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115945860A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-11 | 福州大学 | Remanufacturing technology process for surface of vehicle torsion shaft |
| CN116175081A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-05-30 | 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 | Worn lead screw repairing device and method for applying same |
| CN115945860B (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2024-07-26 | 福州大学 | Remanufacturing technology process for torsion shaft surface of vehicle |
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| CN115945860A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-04-11 | 福州大学 | Remanufacturing technology process for surface of vehicle torsion shaft |
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| CN116175081A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-05-30 | 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 | Worn lead screw repairing device and method for applying same |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210115 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |