CN112225621B - Method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer-based resources - Google Patents

Method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer-based resources Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112225621B
CN112225621B CN202011252171.5A CN202011252171A CN112225621B CN 112225621 B CN112225621 B CN 112225621B CN 202011252171 A CN202011252171 A CN 202011252171A CN 112225621 B CN112225621 B CN 112225621B
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separation
filtration
coarse
slag
filtrate
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CN112225621A (en
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王玉军
周卫
何萍
孙静文
徐新朋
艾超
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
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Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of CAAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

The invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer resources, belonging to the technical field of resource recycling. The invention consists of a livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit, an anaerobic digestion treatment unit, an anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, an organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit, a high-temperature composting treatment unit and an ecological functional fertilizer production unit. By adopting the method of graded treatment and gradual load reduction, the invention can effectively coordinate the connection among all units and play the functions of all units, can effectively treat the large-volume livestock and poultry waste discharged by a large-scale livestock and poultry farm every day, realizes the utilization of fertilizer-based resources, and creates a new mode for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry waste of breeding enterprises and the utilization of fertilizer-based resources and ecological development.

Description

Method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer-based resources
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recycling, in particular to a method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer resources.
Background
The mainstream process technology of sewage treatment in the world is biological treatment technology. The livestock and poultry breeding industry waste treatment almost adopts a traditional process of a biological treatment technology, wherein an anaerobic (methane tank) method and an aerobic (aeration tank) method are mainstream technologies of livestock and poultry breeding industry waste treatment in the world at present, and comprise a strain (enzyme) adding method, an improved biomembrane method, an ecological treatment technology (natural treatment method) and various combined biological technology processes thereof, and a great variety of biological strengthening treatment technologies derived from the methods. At present, domestic and foreign livestock and poultry breeding waste treatment technologies utilize a plurality of biochemical combination technologies, mainly anaerobic, aerobic and facultative biochemical technologies are combined and are combined with pond, land and wetland ecological treatment technologies, and although the effect of treating livestock and poultry breeding waste by the biological combination technology occupying a large amount of land resources is improved compared with that of treating livestock and poultry breeding waste by a single biochemical technology, the treatment technology can not achieve the unification of harmless treatment and fertilizer resource utilization. Due to the difference of the technical fields, particularly the technical field of sewage treatment, the technical aim is to deeply purify and discharge the wastewater after reaching the standard, and a large amount of organic resources are completely digested in the treatment process, so that the utilization of fertilizer-based resources cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer-based resources, which is based on a method of graded treatment and gradual load reduction, can effectively treat a large amount of livestock and poultry waste and realize the unification of harmless treatment, standard discharge and fertilizer-based resource utilization.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer resources, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out size mixing treatment on the livestock and poultry waste to obtain size mixing feed liquid, and carrying out rough filtration, filtration and separation on the size mixing feed liquid to obtain rough filtration separation water and rough filtration separation coarse residues; the specification of a filter medium adopted for rough filtration, filtration and separation is 5-8 meshes;
carrying out reverse flushing on the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag to obtain the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing;
treating the coarse-filtered separated water by adopting a CSTR process to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid;
performing primary filtration separation on the anaerobic digestion solution to obtain primary separation filtrate and primary separation coarse slag; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the primary filtration separation is 12-20 meshes;
performing secondary filtration and separation on the primary separation filtrate to obtain secondary separation filtrate and secondary separation fine slag; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the secondary filtration and separation is 100-140 meshes;
carrying out reverse flushing on the primary separation coarse slag by adopting part of secondary separation filtrate to obtain the secondary separation filtrate after the reverse flushing and the primary separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing;
treating the residual second-stage separation filtrate by adopting a UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) process and a two-stage A/O process in sequence to obtain A/O precipitated sludge and A/O effluent; returning the A/O precipitated sludge to carry out primary filtration and separation; part of the A/O effluent is used for size mixing treatment of the livestock and poultry waste and back flushing of the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag, and the rest A/O effluent is discharged after reaching the standard;
the coarse filtration and separation slag after reverse washing and the primary separation slag after reverse washing are used for preparing solid ecological fertilizer;
and using the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate subjected to reverse washing to prepare the liquid ecological fertilizer.
Preferably, the solid content of the size mixing feed liquid is 5-20 wt%.
Preferably, the frequency of back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag is 1-2, and the method for back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag independently comprises the following steps:
mixing the A/O effluent with coarse filtration and separation residues to be back-washed to obtain a back-washing mixed solution; the solid content of the back flushing mixed liquid is 10-20 wt%;
and carrying out rough filtration, filtration and separation on the reverse flushing mixed solution to obtain rough filtration and separation residues and reverse flushing effluent after the reverse flushing, and combining the reverse flushing effluent with the rough filtration and separation effluent.
Preferably, before the step of treating the water separated by the coarse filtration by using the CSTR process, the method further comprises the following steps: and (3) adopting A/O effluent to size the rough-filtered separated water until the solid content is 5-10 wt%.
Preferably, the solid content of the anaerobic digestion solution is 2-5 wt%.
Preferably, the solid content of the secondary separation filtrate is less than or equal to 2 wt%.
Preferably, the number of times of back flushing the primary separation coarse slag is 1-2, and the method for back flushing the primary separation coarse slag independently comprises the following steps:
mixing part of the secondary separation filtrate with primary separation coarse slag to be back-washed to obtain a back-washing mixed solution; the solid content of the back flushing mixed solution is 5-20 wt%;
performing primary filtration and separation on the reverse flushing mixed solution to obtain primary flushing filtrate and primary separation coarse slag after reverse flushing;
and carrying out secondary filtration and separation on the primary flushing filtrate to obtain secondary flushing fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse flushing, and merging the secondary flushing fine slag into the secondary separation fine slag.
Preferably, the preparation method of the solid ecological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing and tempering the coarse filtration and separation residues after reverse washing, the primary separation and coarse residues after reverse washing and auxiliary materials, performing open composting fermentation, and preparing the solid ecological fertilizer by taking the obtained fermentation product as a raw material.
Preferably, the preparation method of the liquid ecological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing and dispersing the secondary separation fine slag and the reversely flushed secondary separation filtrate to obtain reversely concentrated blended liquor;
carrying out high-shear dispersion emulsification treatment on the reverse concentrated slurry, so as to obtain a dispersed emulsion;
carrying out three-stage filtration separation on the dispersed emulsion to obtain three-stage separation filter residue and three-stage separation filtrate; and returning the third-stage separation filter residue to mix and disperse, and preparing the liquid ecological fertilizer by using the third-stage separation filtrate as a raw material.
Preferably, the solid content of the reverse-concentration size mixing liquid is 10-30 wt%; mixing and dispersing the secondary separation fine slag and the reversely washed secondary separation filtrate under the condition of the rotating speed of 2800-3000 rpm, and performing high-shear dispersion emulsification under the condition of the rotating speed of 2800-3000 rpm; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the three-stage filtration separation is 170-200 meshes.
The invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer resources. By adopting the method of graded treatment and gradual load reduction, the invention can effectively treat a large amount of livestock and poultry waste, realizes the unification of harmless treatment, standard discharge and fertilizer resource utilization, and initiates a new mode for comprehensively treating livestock and poultry waste of breeding enterprises and fertilizer resource utilization and ecological development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilizer resource utilization method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for treating livestock and poultry waste and utilizing fertilizer resources, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out size mixing treatment on the livestock and poultry waste to obtain size mixing feed liquid, and carrying out rough filtration, filtration and separation on the size mixing feed liquid to obtain rough filtration separation water and rough filtration separation coarse residues; the specification of a filter medium adopted for rough filtration, filtration and separation is 5-8 meshes;
carrying out reverse flushing on the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag to obtain the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing;
treating the coarse-filtered separated water by adopting a CSTR (full mixing type anaerobic reactor) process to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid;
performing primary filtration separation on the anaerobic digestion solution to obtain primary separation filtrate and primary separation coarse slag; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the primary filtration separation is 12-20 meshes;
performing secondary filtration and separation on the primary separation filtrate to obtain secondary separation filtrate and secondary separation fine slag; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the secondary filtration and separation is 100-140 meshes;
carrying out reverse flushing on the primary separation coarse slag by adopting part of secondary separation filtrate to obtain the secondary separation filtrate after the reverse flushing and the primary separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing;
treating the residual second-stage separation filtrate by adopting a UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor) process and a two-stage A/O (anoxic/aerobic) process in sequence to obtain A/O precipitated sludge and A/O effluent; returning the A/O precipitated sludge to carry out primary filtration and separation; part of the A/O effluent is used for size mixing treatment of the livestock and poultry waste and back flushing of the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag, and the rest A/O effluent is discharged after reaching the standard;
the coarse filtration and separation slag after reverse washing and the primary separation and separation slag after reverse washing are used for preparing solid ecological fertilizer;
and using the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate subjected to reverse washing to prepare the liquid ecological fertilizer.
The invention carries out size mixing treatment on the livestock and poultry waste to obtain size mixing feed liquid. The source and the type of the livestock and poultry waste are not particularly limited, and the livestock and poultry waste can be obtained by knowing the source and the type of the livestock and poultry waste by a person skilled in the art, specifically, the livestock and poultry waste is the livestock and poultry waste and/or the livestock and poultry manure discharged from a large-scale livestock and poultry farm, the livestock and poultry waste is collected by a water manure flushing process, and the livestock and poultry manure is collected by a dry manure cleaning process. According to the invention, the livestock and poultry waste is preferably subjected to size mixing treatment to obtain size mixing feed liquid, and the solid content of the size mixing feed liquid is preferably 5-20 wt% so as to meet the requirements of pumping or pipeline conveying; in the invention, the size mixing medium adopted in the size mixing treatment is A/O effluent obtained in the subsequent process, and the dosage of the size mixing medium is based on the condition that the solid content of the obtained size mixing feed liquid meets the requirements. In the embodiment of the invention, the size mixing treatment is specifically carried out in a manure collecting and size mixing tank.
After the size mixing liquid is obtained, the size mixing liquid is subjected to rough filtration and separation (marked as I rough filtration and separation), and rough filtration and separation water and rough filtration and separation coarse slag are obtained. In the invention, the specification of a filter medium adopted for the I coarse filtration and separation is 5-8 meshes, and specifically, the filter medium can be 5 meshes, 6 meshes, 7 meshes or 8 meshes. The invention obtains coarse filtration separation water and coarse filtration separation coarse slag through I coarse filtration and filtration separation, which are convenient for performing subsequent treatment on the two parts of substances in a targeted manner. In the embodiment of the invention, the equipment adopted for the I coarse filtration and separation is a filtration centrifugeThe rotating speed of a motor rotor of the filtering centrifuge is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the treatment capacity is 20-30 m3H; after the I coarse filtration, filtration and separation, the obtained coarse filtration and separation water is transferred into a first buffer size mixing tank, and the obtained coarse filtration and separation coarse slag is transferred into a first coarse slag concentration size mixing tank.
After coarse filtration and separation coarse slag is obtained, the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag is subjected to reverse flushing to obtain the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing; and the flushing medium for carrying out back flushing on the coarse filtration and separation slag is A/O effluent obtained in the subsequent process. In the invention, the frequency of back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag is preferably 1-2, and the method for back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag independently comprises the following steps:
mixing the A/O effluent with coarse filtration and separation residues to be back-washed to obtain a back-washing mixed solution; the solid content of the back flushing mixed liquid is 10-20 wt%;
and (3) carrying out rough filtration, filtration and separation (marked as II rough filtration, filtration and separation) on the reverse flushing mixed solution to obtain rough filtration and separation residues and reverse flushing effluent after the reverse flushing, and combining the reverse flushing effluent with the rough filtration and separation effluent.
In the invention, when the coarse filtration and separation slag is subjected to back flushing, the dosage of the A/O effluent is based on the condition that the solid content of the obtained back flushing mixed liquid meets the requirement; and the specification and equipment of the filter medium adopted by the second rough filtration, filtration and separation are preferably consistent with those of the filter medium adopted by the first rough filtration, filtration and separation, and are not described again. In the embodiment of the invention, the A/O effluent is conveyed to a first coarse residue concentration pulp mixing tank to be mixed with coarse filtration and separation coarse residues to obtain a reverse flushing mixed solution with the solid content of 10-20 wt%, the reverse flushing mixed solution is subjected to II coarse filtration and separation by a filter centrifuge, the obtained reverse flushing effluent enters a first buffer pulp mixing tank and is combined with the coarse filtration and separation effluent, the obtained coarse filtration and separation coarse residues after the reverse flushing are returned to the first coarse residue concentration pulp mixing tank again, and 1 time of reverse flushing of the coarse filtration and separation coarse residues is completed; and circulating the back flushing process to carry out back flushing on coarse filtration and separation slag again. The invention can further separate the easily degradable organic matters and the difficultly degradable organic matters attached to the coarse filtration separation coarse residues by back flushing the coarse filtration separation coarse residues. In the invention, the water content of the coarse filtration and separation slag after reverse washing is preferably less than or equal to 80%, and the coarse filtration and separation slag is further used for preparing solid ecological fertilizer, which will be described in detail later.
After the coarse filtration separated water is obtained, the coarse filtration separated water is treated by a CSTR process to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid. In the present invention, before the step of treating the water separated by the coarse filtration by using the CSTR process, it is preferable that the step of: and (3) adopting A/O effluent to carry out size mixing on the rough-filtered separated water until the solid content is 5-10 wt%. Specifically, in the actual operation process, the coarse filtration and separation residues are subjected to reverse flushing for 1-2 times, the obtained reverse flushing effluent is combined with the coarse filtration and separation water obtained after the first coarse filtration and separation, the obtained mixed liquid is subjected to size mixing until the solid content is 5-10 wt%, and then the CSTR process is adopted for treatment. The equipment and specific operating parameters used in the CSTR process are not particularly limited, and equipment and operating parameters well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the invention, the solid content of the anaerobic digestion solution is preferably 2-5 wt%. In the embodiment of the invention, after being treated by the CSTR process, the obtained anaerobic digestion solution is transferred to an anaerobic digestion solution cache pool. In the invention, the concentration of easily degradable organic matters in the coarse filtration separated water is higher, and biochemical treatment is carried out by using a CSTR process, so that the balance problem of energy utilization of methane and utilization of fertilizer resources of anaerobic digestion liquid can be effectively solved.
After the anaerobic digestion solution is obtained, the anaerobic digestion solution is subjected to first-stage filtration separation (marked as first-stage filtration separation), so that first-stage separation filtrate and first-stage separation coarse slag are obtained. In the invention, the specification of the filter medium adopted by the first-stage filtration separation is 12-20 meshes, and specifically can be 12 meshes, 14 meshes, 16 meshes, 18 meshes or 20 meshes. The invention obtains a first grade fraction by the first grade filtration and separationSeparating filtrate and primary separation coarse residues, wherein the primary separation filtrate mainly comprises anaerobic microorganism thalli and metabolites of the anaerobic microorganism thalli, and comprises thallus crude protein, amino acid, macromolecular Humic Acid (HA) and physiological active substances with multiple effects of promoting crop growth, resisting diseases and insects and the like; the first-stage separation coarse slag mainly consists of undigested and decomposed plant fibers with larger granularity. In the embodiment of the invention, the equipment adopted for the first-stage filtration and separation is a filtration centrifuge (marked as a first-stage filtration centrifuge), the rotating speed of a motor rotor of the first-stage filtration centrifuge is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the processing capacity is 20-30 m3H; after the first stage filtration and separation, the obtained first stage separation coarse slag is transferred into a first stage separation coarse slag storage tank, and the obtained first stage separation filtrate is transferred into a first stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank.
After the first-stage separation filtrate is obtained, the first-stage separation filtrate is subjected to second-stage filtration separation (marked as second-stage filtration separation I), so that second-stage separation filtrate and second-stage separation fine slag are obtained. In the invention, the specification of the filter medium adopted by the second-stage filtration and separation is 100-140 meshes, and specifically can be 100 meshes, 120 meshes or 140 meshes. The method comprises the following steps of I, secondary filtration and separation to obtain secondary separation filtrate and secondary separation fine slag, wherein the secondary separation filtrate mainly comprises soluble protein, amino acid, Fulvic Acid (FA) and physiological active substances with multiple effects of promoting crop growth, resisting diseases and insects and the like; the secondary separation coarse residue mainly comprises insoluble or indissolvable coarse protein, macromolecular Humic Acid (HA) and other organic substances. In the embodiment of the invention, the equipment adopted for the second-stage filtration and separation I is a filtration centrifuge (marked as a second-stage filtration centrifuge), the rotating speed of a motor rotor of the second-stage filtration centrifuge is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the processing capacity is 20-30 m3H; and after the second-stage filtration and separation, transferring the obtained second-stage separated fine slag into a second-stage separated fine slag storage tank, and transferring the obtained second-stage separated filtrate into a second-stage separated filtrate intermediate storage tank.
After the secondary separation filtrate is obtained, part of the secondary separation filtrate is adopted to carry out back flushing on the primary separation coarse slag, and the rest secondary separation filtrateAnd sequentially adopting a UASB process and a two-stage A/O process for treatment. In the present invention, the solid content of the second-stage separation filtrate is preferably 2 wt% or less. In the embodiment of the invention, after the secondary separation filtrate is transferred into the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, specifically, the secondary separation filtrate overflowing beyond the storage capacity of the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank is transferred into the second buffer size mixing tank, and the secondary separation filtrate in the second buffer size mixing tank is treated by sequentially adopting the UASB process and the two-stage A/O process to obtain the A/O precipitated sludge and the A/O effluent. The equipment and specific operating parameters adopted by the UASB process and the two-stage A/O process are not particularly limited in the present invention, and the equipment and operating parameters known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the invention, the concentration of the anaerobic digestion solution obtained after UASB process treatment is preferably 2000-4000 mg/L; the anaerobic digestion solution is directly subjected to deep biochemical treatment by utilizing a two-stage A/O process, and the obtained A/O effluent indexes are as follows: BOD5Not less than 150mg/L, COD and not more than 400mg/L, and meets the requirements of discharge standard of water pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding GB 18596-2001; and part of the A/O effluent is used for size mixing treatment of the livestock and poultry waste and back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag, and the rest A/O effluent is discharged after reaching the standard.
In the invention, the A/O precipitated sludge obtained after the two-stage A/O process treatment is returned to carry out the first-stage filtration separation; in the embodiment of the invention, in the actual operation process, after the A/O precipitated sludge is further settled, the supernatant and the bottom sludge are obtained, the supernatant is conveyed to the second buffer size mixing tank for relevant treatment, and the bottom sludge is transferred to the anaerobic digestion solution buffer tank to be mixed with the anaerobic digestion solution and then is subjected to the first-stage filtration separation treatment of the next cycle. In the invention, the Total Solid (TS) concentration of the secondary separation filtrate is already low, and the UASB process is used for biochemical treatment so as to further remove organic matters in the secondary separation filtrate; then directly carrying out advanced biochemical treatment by using a two-stage A/O process, wherein the first-stage A/O process can further remove COD and BOD in anaerobic digestion liquid discharged by the UASB process, and convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen to realize denitrification; the second-stage A/O treatment is the same as the first-stage A/O treatment, ammonia nitrogen is further converted into nitrogen, and further denitrification is performed, so that the purpose of deep biochemical treatment is achieved.
According to the method, part of secondary separation filtrate is adopted to carry out reverse flushing on the primary separation coarse slag to obtain the secondary separation filtrate after the reverse flushing and the primary separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing; in the embodiment of the invention, the secondary separation filtrate in the secondary separation filtrate intermediate reservoir is used for back flushing the primary separation coarse slag. In the invention, the number of times of back flushing the primary separation coarse slag is preferably 1-2, and the independent method for back flushing the primary separation coarse slag each time preferably comprises the following steps:
mixing part of the secondary separation filtrate with primary separation coarse slag to be back-washed to obtain a back-washing mixed solution; the solid content of the back flushing mixed solution is 5-20 wt%;
performing first-stage filtration separation (marked as second-stage filtration separation) on the reverse flushing mixed solution to obtain first-stage flushing filtrate and first-stage separation coarse slag after reverse flushing;
and (3) performing secondary filtration and separation (marked as secondary filtration and separation II) on the primary washing filtrate to obtain secondary washing fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing, and merging the secondary washing fine slag into the secondary separation fine slag.
In the invention, the specification and equipment of the filter medium adopted by the II-stage filtration and separation are preferably consistent with those of the filter medium adopted by the I-stage filtration and separation; the specification and equipment of the filter medium adopted by the second-stage filtration and separation II are preferably consistent with those of the filter medium adopted by the second-stage filtration and separation I, and are not described herein again. In the embodiment of the invention, the secondary separation filtrate in the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank and the primary separation coarse slag in the primary separation coarse slag storage tank are conveyed to a second treatment concentration size mixing tank to be mixed, so as to obtain a back flushing mixed solution with the solid content of 5-20 wt%; carrying out II-stage filtration and separation on the reverse flushing mixed solution by a primary filtration centrifuge, transferring the obtained primary separation coarse slag after reverse flushing into a primary separation coarse slag storage tank, carrying out II-stage filtration and separation on the obtained primary flushing filtrate by a secondary filtration centrifuge to obtain secondary flushing fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse flushing, transferring the secondary flushing fine slag into a secondary separation fine slag storage tank to be combined with the secondary separation fine slag, transferring the secondary separation filtrate after reverse flushing into a secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, and thus finishing 1-time reverse flushing of the primary separation coarse slag; and the first-stage separation coarse slag can be back-washed again by circulating the back washing process. The invention can recycle the nutrient components and the physiological active substances adhered to the surface of the undigested and decomposed organic matter with larger granularity to the maximum extent by carrying out back flushing on the primary separation coarse slag.
After the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after reverse washing and the primary separation coarse slag after reverse washing are obtained, the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after reverse washing and the primary separation coarse slag after reverse washing are used for preparing the solid ecological fertilizer. In the present invention, the preparation method of the solid ecological fertilizer preferably comprises:
mixing and tempering the coarse filtration and separation residues after reverse washing, the primary separation and coarse residues after reverse washing and auxiliary materials, performing open composting fermentation, and preparing the solid ecological fertilizer by taking the obtained fermentation product as a raw material.
The invention takes coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after reverse washing and primary separation coarse slag after reverse washing as main materials, and carries out open composting fermentation after mixing and tempering with auxiliary materials. The invention has no special limitation on the types and sources of the auxiliary materials, and the auxiliary materials with the types and sources known by the technicians in the field can be adopted, and can be one or more of crop straws, forest fruit prunes, rice chaffs (crushed rice husks) and edible fungus residues. In the invention, the water content of the main material is preferably less than or equal to 80 percent, and the water content of the auxiliary material is preferably less than or equal to 10 percent.
In the invention, the mixing and tempering are preferably carried out by adjusting the water content of the stack obtained after mixing the main material and the auxiliary material to 55-60%, and adjusting the C/N ratio to (25-30): 1.
in the invention, the operation period of the open compost fermentation is preferably 40-50 d, specifically, the open compost fermentation comprises a first fermentation and a second fermentation which are sequentially carried out, the period of the first fermentation is preferably 15-20 d, the first fermentation is preferably carried out under an aeration condition, and the ventilation rate is preferably 50-300L/min, and more preferably 100L/min; the period of the second fermentation is preferably 25-30 d, and the second fermentation is preferably carried out under a non-aeration condition.
In embodiments of the invention, the open compost fermentation is preferably carried out in an L-type open compost fermentation tank; the L-shaped open compost fermentation tank comprises a single-side wall body and an open ground, namely the single-side wall body and the open ground form an L-shaped open compost fermentation space together; the bottom of a corresponding area (marked as a first fermentation area) in the L-shaped open compost fermentation tank during first fermentation is provided with an aeration device, and the aeration device consists of a ventilator, an air distribution pipeline and a tank bottom aeration bed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main material and the auxiliary material are directly fed into a first fermentation area of an L-shaped open compost fermentation tank for mixing and tempering, a turner is started to turn and stir uniformly, and a first fermentation process is started; the turner is an open turner and/or a large-span truss turner; and in the first fermentation process, the stack turning machine is started in time to control the temperature of the stack, the gas explosion device is started in time to ventilate and supply oxygen to the stack, and the first fermentation process is completed in a preset operation period.
In the embodiment of the invention, the stack obtained after the first fermentation is finished is transported to the L-shaped open compost fermentation tank by a forklift to carry out a second fermentation process in a corresponding area (marked as a second fermentation area) when the second fermentation is carried out; and the turning machine is started to turn the stack in the second fermentation process at proper time so as to promote further decomposition and aging of organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin of the stack and further evaporation of water in the stack, and the second fermentation process is completed in a preset operation period.
In the present invention, a fermentation product is obtained after the second fermentation is completed; the method for preparing the solid ecological fertilizer by using the fermentation product is not particularly limited, and the method well known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
After secondary separation fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing are obtained, the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing are used for preparing the liquid ecological fertilizer. In the present invention, the preparation method of the liquid ecological fertilizer preferably comprises:
mixing and dispersing the secondary separation fine slag and the reversely flushed secondary separation filtrate to obtain reversely concentrated slurry;
carrying out high-shear dispersion emulsification treatment on the reverse concentrated slurry, so as to obtain a dispersed emulsion;
carrying out three-stage filtration separation on the dispersed emulsion to obtain three-stage separation filter residue and three-stage separation filtrate; and returning the third-stage separation filter residue to mix and disperse, and preparing the liquid ecological fertilizer by using the third-stage separation filtrate as a raw material.
In the invention, the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing are mixed and dispersed to obtain reverse concentrated slurry. In the invention, the solid content of the reverse-concentration size mixing liquid is preferably 10-30 wt%. In the invention, the proportion of the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing is based on the condition that the solid content of the obtained reverse concentrated slurry mixing liquid meets the requirements. In the invention, the mixing and dispersing are preferably carried out at the rotating speed of 2800-3000 rpm, and the mixing and dispersing time is preferably 15-30 min. In an embodiment of the invention, the mixing dispersion is carried out in a mixing reactor with a dispersion mixer, preferably a batch fast flow dispersion mixer.
After the reverse concentrated slurry mixing liquid is obtained, the reverse concentrated slurry mixing liquid is subjected to high-shear dispersion emulsification treatment to obtain a dispersion emulsion. In the present invention, the high shear dispersion emulsification treatment is preferably performed at a rotation speed of 2800 to 3000rpm, and the time of the high shear dispersion emulsification treatment is preferably 60 to 120 min. In the examples of the present invention, the high shear dispersion emulsification treatment is carried out in an in-line high shear dispersion emulsifier.
The invention can activate the physiological active substance in the reverse concentrated serum through high-shear dispersion emulsification treatment. In the embodiment of the invention, the second-stage separation fine slag and the second-stage separation filtrate after reverse washing are mixed in a third buffer size mixing tank, the obtained reverse concentrated size mixing liquid is pumped into a mixing reaction kettle with a dispersing mixer, the dispersing mixer is started, the reverse concentrated size mixing liquid in the mixing reaction kettle is contacted, mixed and dispersed for 15-30 min in a closed mixing reaction kettle, then a pressure pump is started, an in-line high-shear dispersing emulsifying machine is started at the same time, the reverse concentrated size mixing liquid in the mixing reaction kettle is subjected to circulating shear, dispersing and emulsifying treatment for 60-120 min continuously, and then the dispersed emulsion is obtained after discharging.
After the dispersed emulsion is obtained, carrying out three-stage filtration separation on the dispersed emulsion to obtain three-stage separation filter residue and three-stage separation filtrate; and returning the third-stage separation filter residue to mix and disperse, and preparing the liquid ecological fertilizer by using the third-stage separation filtrate as a raw material. In the invention, the specification of the filter medium adopted by the three-stage filtration separation is preferably 170-200 meshes, and particularly 170 or 200 meshes. In the embodiment of the invention, the equipment adopted for the three-stage filtration separation is a filtration centrifuge (denoted as a three-stage filtration centrifuge). In the embodiment of the invention, in the actual operation process, the third-stage separation filter residue is transferred to a third buffer size mixing tank and mixed with the second-stage separation fine residue in the third buffer size mixing tank and the second-stage separation filtrate after reverse washing. The three-stage separation filter residue is returned to be mixed and dispersed, so that the three-stage separation filter residue can participate in the activation treatment process of the physiologically active substance, and the bioactive substances in the three-stage separation filter residue are fully utilized. The method for preparing the liquid ecological fertilizer by using the three-stage separation filtrate is not particularly limited, and the method known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the technological process for realizing livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilizer-based resource utilization by adopting the method is divided into 6 units according to functional characteristics, wherein the 6 units comprise a livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit, an anaerobic digestion treatment unit, an anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, an organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit, a high-temperature composting treatment unit and an ecological functional fertilizer production unit;
the livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit comprises a manure collecting and pulp mixing tank, a filtering centrifuge for rough filtration, a first buffer pulp mixing tank and a first coarse residue concentration pulp mixing tank; the device comprises a feces collecting and pulp mixing tank, a first buffer pulp mixing tank, a second buffer pulp mixing tank, a first coarse slag concentration pulp mixing tank, a second buffer pulp mixing tank, a first buffer pulp mixing tank, a second buffer pulp mixing tank, a conveying device and a second coarse slag concentration pulp mixing tank, wherein a discharge port of the feces collecting and pulp mixing tank is communicated with a feed port of the first filter centrifuge for coarse filtration, a liquid outlet of the first filter centrifuge for coarse filtration is communicated with a feed port of the first buffer pulp mixing tank, a slag discharge port of the first coarse slag concentration pulp mixing tank is communicated with a feed port of the first filter centrifuge for coarse filtration; the conveying equipment preferably comprises a screw conveyor, a pipe chain conveyor or a belt conveyor;
the anaerobic digestion treatment unit comprises a CSTR system, a UASB system, a two-stage A/O system, an anaerobic digestion liquid cache pool, a second cache size mixing pool and a sludge sedimentation pool; the anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit comprises a primary filtering centrifuge, a secondary filtering centrifuge, a primary coarse separation slag storage tank, a secondary fine separation slag storage tank, a primary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank and a second coarse slag concentration pulp regulating tank; wherein, the feed inlet of CSTR system communicates with the discharge outlet of the first buffer size mixing tank, the discharge outlet of CSTR system communicates with the feed inlet of the anaerobic digestion liquid buffer tank, the discharge outlet of the anaerobic digestion liquid buffer tank communicates with the feed inlet of the first-level filtering centrifuge, the slag discharge outlet of the first-level filtering centrifuge communicates with the feed inlet of the first-level coarse slag separation storage tank through conveying equipment, the liquid outlet of the first-level filtering centrifuge communicates with the feed inlet of the first-level separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, the discharge outlet of the first-level separation filtrate intermediate storage tank communicates with the feed inlet of the second-level filtering centrifuge, the slag discharge outlet of the second-level filtering centrifuge communicates with the feed inlet of the second-level separation fine slag storage tank through conveying equipment, the liquid outlet of the second-level filtering centrifuge communicates with the feed inlet of the second-level coarse slag concentration size mixing tank, and the discharge outlet of the first-level separation coarse slag storage tank communicates with the feed inlet of the second-level separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a first discharge hole of the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank is communicated with a feed hole of a second coarse slag concentration pulp adjusting tank, and a discharge hole of the second coarse slag concentration pulp adjusting tank is communicated with a feed hole of a primary filtering centrifuge; a second discharge hole of the second-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank is communicated with a feed hole of a second buffer size mixing tank, and a high level difference exists between the second discharge hole of the second-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank and the feed hole of the second buffer size mixing tank, so that materials can overflow from a high level to a low level conveniently; the discharge port of the second buffer size mixing tank is communicated with the feed inlet of an UASB system, the discharge port of the UASB system is communicated with the feed inlet of a two-stage A/O system, a sludge discharge port of a sedimentation tank in the two-stage A/O system is communicated with the feed inlet of an anaerobic digestion liquid buffer tank, a supernatant overflow port of the sedimentation tank in the two-stage A/O system is communicated with the feed inlet of the second buffer size mixing tank, and a water outlet of the two-stage A/O system is respectively communicated with a first buffer size mixing tank, a feces collecting size mixing tank and a first coarse slag concentration size mixing tank;
the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit comprises a third buffer size mixing pool, a mixing reaction kettle, a pressure pump, a pipeline type high-shear dispersing emulsifying machine and a three-stage filtering centrifugal machine; the device comprises a first-stage separation fine slag storage tank, a first-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a second-stage separation fine slag storage tank, a second-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine slag storage tank, a third-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine slag storage tank, a third-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-separation fine slag-stage separation fine slag-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-separation fine slag-mixing tank, a third-stage separation fine slag-third-stage separation fine slag-mixing tank, a third-stage separation fine-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine-third-separation fine-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-second-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-stage separation fine-third-separation fine-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third-filtrate intermediate storage tank, a third; the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit obtains three-stage separation filtrate through filtering and separating by a three-stage filtering centrifuge, and the three-stage separation filtrate is a functional organic liquid fertilizer raw material;
the high-temperature compost treatment unit comprises an open fermentation tank, an aeration device and a turner; the open type fermentation tank is divided into a first fermentation area and a second fermentation area, and the gas explosion device is arranged at the bottom of the first fermentation area; the high-temperature composting treatment unit is used for receiving coarse filtration and separation residues after reverse flushing in the livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit and primary separation coarse residues after reverse flushing in the anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, and performing open composting fermentation by matching the coarse filtration and separation coarse residues with auxiliary materials to obtain functional solid fertilizer raw materials;
the ecological functional fertilizer production unit is used for receiving functional solid fertilizer raw materials generated by the high-temperature compost treatment unit and functional organic liquid fertilizer raw materials generated by the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit and respectively converting the functional solid fertilizer raw materials and the functional organic liquid fertilizer raw materials into a solid ecological fertilizer and a liquid ecological fertilizer.
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilizer resource utilization method of the invention, and the method of the invention is explained below with reference to fig. 1. The treatment unit for realizing livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilizer resource utilization by adopting the method provided by the invention comprises a livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit, an anaerobic digestion treatment unit, an anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, an organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit, a high-temperature composting treatment unit and an ecological functional fertilizer production unit. Wherein, the purpose of the livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit is to effectively separate easily degradable organic matters from difficultly degradable organic matters. The anaerobic digestion treatment unit comprises: anaerobic digestion liquid with higher concentration is obtained through biochemical treatment of a CSTR system, so that conditions are created for producing organic liquid fertilizer; anaerobic digestion liquid with lower concentration is obtained through biochemical treatment of a UASB system, so that conditions are created for further advanced treatment of the anaerobic digestion liquid; the advanced biochemical treatment through the two-stage A/O system creates conditions for anaerobic digestion liquid recycling (such as reverse size mixing and reverse flushing) and standard discharge. The anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit plays a role in balancing anaerobic digestion treatment load and organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production load, and plays a role in a bridge and a link among anaerobic digestion treatment, organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production and high-temperature composting treatment; specifically, the anaerobic digestion liquid produced by the CSTR system in the anaerobic digestion treatment unit is treated in a grading manner, microbial thalli and microbial metabolites in the CSTR system are retained in the liquid to the maximum extent, the concentration of functional substances in the secondary separation filtrate is effectively improved, and the utilization of fertilizer resources is realized. The organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit is based on secondary separation fine slag and secondary separation filtrate with higher concentration in the anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, adopts a process integrating reverse concentration and high-frequency high-shear dispersion and emulsification (activation of physiologically active substances) for treatment, and obtains super-concentrated biogas slurry with high physiological activity (namely, tertiary separation filtrate) after tertiary filtration and separation, namely, the functional organic liquid fertilizer raw material. The high-temperature composting treatment unit is used for receiving coarse filtration and separation residues after reverse flushing in livestock and poultry waste pretreatment and primary separation coarse residues after reverse flushing in anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment, and performing open composting fermentation by matching the coarse filtration and separation coarse residues with auxiliary materials to obtain a functional solid fertilizer raw material. The ecological functional fertilizer production unit is the end point of the technical scheme of the invention, namely the whole process of the treatment of the excrement and the utilization of fertilizer resources in the large-scale livestock and poultry farm is completed; specifically, the unit converts the functional liquid fertilizer raw materials generated by the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit and the functional solid fertilizer raw materials generated by the high-temperature composting unit into ecological functional fertilizers, the production of the ecological functional fertilizers is to produce organic solid/liquid fertilizer products with ecological functionality according to the crop nutrient demand rule, the products have the advantages of novel fertilizers such as organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, biological bacterial fertilizers, slow-release synergistic organic compound fertilizers and the like, the nutrition is complete, balanced, the physiological activity is high, the fertilizer efficiency is obvious, and the ecological functional fertilizer is an ecological functional fertilizer product with excellent comprehensive performance, energy conservation and environmental protection and accords with the ecological environmental protection concept.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the livestock and poultry waste to be treated is the manure discharged from a large-scale dairy farm, and the manure cleaning mode is a reciprocating type manure scraping plate manure cleaning mode, namely a dry-method manure cleaning process. The method for treating the waste of the dairy farm and utilizing the fertilizer-based resources comprises the following steps;
collecting the dung of the dairy cow house into a collecting pool at one end of the dairy cow house through a dung scraping plate, collecting the dung into a dung collecting and pulp mixing pool through a pipeline, and mixing the dung with A/O (from a two-stage A/O process) to obtain mixed pulp liquid, wherein the solid content of the mixed pulp liquid is 10 wt%;
a filtering centrifuge (marked as a filtering centrifuge for rough filtering, the specification of a filtering medium is 8 meshes, the rotating speed of a motor rotor is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the treatment capacity is 20-30 m3The material liquid is subjected to rough filtration and separation (marked as I rough filtration and separation) to obtain rough filtration and separation water and rough filtration and separation coarse slag, the rough filtration and separation water is transferred into a first buffer size mixing tank, and the rough filtration and separation coarse slag is transferred into a first coarse slag concentration size mixing tank;
carrying out back flushing on the coarse filtration and separation slag for 2 times by adopting A/O effluent to obtain the coarse filtration and separation slag after the back flushing, wherein the water content is less than or equal to 80 percent (further used for preparing solid ecological fertilizer, which will be explained in detail later); wherein, the method for back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag each time comprises the following steps: conveying the A/O effluent into a first coarse residue concentration pulp regulating tank to be mixed with coarse filtration and separation coarse residues to obtain a reverse flushing mixed solution with the solid content of 10-20 wt%, roughly filtering the reverse flushing mixed solution by using a filtering centrifuge for rough filtration and filtration separation (marked as II rough filtration and filtration separation), allowing the obtained reverse flushing effluent to enter a first buffer pulp regulating tank and be combined with the rough filtration and separation effluent, and returning the obtained rough filtration and separation coarse residues after the reverse flushing to the first coarse residue concentration pulp regulating tank again to finish 1 time of reverse flushing of rough filtration and separation coarse residues; the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag can be back washed again by circulating the back washing process;
mixing the mixed liquor in the first buffer mixing tank by adopting A/O effluent until the solid content is 5-8 wt%, then conveying the mixed liquor to a CSTR system for treatment to obtain anaerobic digestion liquor with the solid content of 2-5 wt%, and transferring the anaerobic digestion liquor to an anaerobic digestion liquor buffer tank;
a filtering centrifuge (marked as a first-stage filtering centrifuge, the specification of a filtering medium is 16 meshes, the rotating speed of a motor rotor is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the processing capacity is 20-30 m3The anaerobic digestion solution is subjected to first-stage filtration separation (marked as first-stage filtration separation I) to obtain first-stage separation filtrate and first-stage separation coarse slag, the first-stage separation coarse slag is transferred into a first-stage separation coarse slag storage tank, and the first-stage separation filtrate is transferred into a first-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank;
a filtering centrifuge (marked as a secondary filtering centrifuge, the specification of a filtering medium is 120 meshes, the rotating speed of a motor rotor is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the processing capacity is 20-30 m3The first-stage separation filtrate is subjected to second-stage filtration separation (marked as second-stage filtration separation I) to obtain second-stage separation filtrate and second-stage separation fine slag, the second-stage separation fine slag is transferred into a second-stage separation fine slag storage tank, and the second-stage separation filtrate (the solid content is less than or equal to 2 wt%) is transferred into a second-stage separation filtrate intermediate storage tank;
carrying out reverse flushing on the primary separation coarse slag for 2 times by adopting part of secondary separation filtrate to obtain the secondary separation filtrate after the reverse flushing and the primary separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing; the method for back flushing the primary separation coarse slag each time comprises the following steps: mixing the secondary separation filtrate in the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank with the primary separation coarse slag in the primary separation coarse slag storage tank to obtain a back flushing mixed solution with the solid content of 10 wt%; carrying out II-stage filtration and separation on the reverse flushing mixed solution by a primary filtration centrifuge, transferring the obtained primary separation coarse slag after reverse flushing into a primary separation coarse slag storage tank, carrying out II-stage filtration and separation on the obtained primary flushing filtrate by a secondary filtration centrifuge to obtain secondary flushing fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse flushing, transferring the secondary flushing fine slag into a secondary separation fine slag storage tank to be combined with the secondary separation fine slag, transferring the secondary separation filtrate after reverse flushing into a secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, and thus finishing 1-time reverse flushing of the primary separation coarse slag; the first-stage separation coarse slag can be back-washed again by circulating the back washing process;
overflowing the secondary separation filtrate exceeding the storage capacity of the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank into a second buffer size mixing tank, treating the secondary separation filtrate in the second buffer size mixing tank by adopting an UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) process, and obtaining anaerobic digestion liquid with the concentration of 2000-4000 mg/L after the treatment by the UASB process; then directly carrying out advanced biochemical treatment on the anaerobic digestion solution by utilizing a two-stage A/O process to obtain A/O precipitated sludge and A/O effluent, wherein the A/O effluent indexes are as follows: BOD5Not less than 150mg/L, COD and not more than 400mg/L, meeting the requirement of water pollution of livestock and poultry breeding industryThe requirement of discharge Standard GB 18596-2001; returning part of the A/O effluent to be used for size mixing treatment of the livestock and poultry waste, back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag and size mixing treatment of the mixed liquid in the first buffer size mixing tank, and discharging the residual A/O effluent up to the standard; further settling the A/O precipitated sludge to obtain supernatant and bottom sludge, conveying the supernatant to a second buffer size mixing tank, transferring the bottom sludge to an anaerobic digestion solution buffer tank, mixing the bottom sludge with the anaerobic digestion solution, and performing first-stage filtration separation treatment of the next cycle;
after coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after reverse washing and primary separation coarse slag after reverse washing are obtained, the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after reverse washing and the primary separation coarse slag after reverse washing are used as main materials, and are mixed with auxiliary materials for tempering and then are subjected to open composting fermentation, and the obtained fermentation product is used as a raw material to prepare the solid ecological fertilizer; wherein the water content of the main material is 80%, the water content of the auxiliary material is 10%, and the auxiliary material is a mixture of crop straws, forest fruit branches, rice chaff (crushed rice husks) and edible fungus residues; the water content of the pile obtained after the main material and the auxiliary material are mixed is 60%, and C/N is (25-30): 1; the open compost fermentation is carried out in an L-shaped open compost fermentation tank, the L-shaped open compost fermentation tank comprises a single-side wall body and an open ground, and an aeration device is arranged at the bottom of a corresponding area (marked as a first fermentation area) when the L-shaped open compost fermentation tank carries out first fermentation and consists of a ventilator, an air distribution pipeline and a tank bottom aeration bed; when open compost fermentation is carried out, the main materials and the auxiliary materials are directly fed into a first fermentation area of an L-shaped open compost fermentation tank for mixing and tempering, a turner is started to turn and stir uniformly, and a first fermentation process is started; the turner is an open turner and/or a large-span truss turner; in the first fermentation process, the stack turning machine is started in time to control the temperature of the stack, the gas explosion device is started in time to ventilate and supply oxygen to the stack, and the first fermentation process is completed in a preset operation period; transferring the obtained pile after the first fermentation to an L-shaped open compost fermentation tank by a forklift for carrying out a second fermentation process in a corresponding area (marked as a second fermentation area) during the second fermentation; the second fermentation process starts the stack turning machine at proper time to promote further decomposition and aging of organic matters such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin of the stack and further evaporation of water in the stack, and the second fermentation process is completed in a preset operation period; the period of the first fermentation is 15d, the first fermentation is carried out under the aeration condition, and the ventilation volume is 100L/min; the period of the second fermentation is 25d, and the second fermentation is carried out under non-aeration conditions;
after secondary separation fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing are obtained, the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing are used for preparing liquid ecological fertilizer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the secondary separation fine slag and the secondary separation filtrate subjected to reverse washing in a third buffer size mixing tank, pumping the obtained reverse concentrated size mixing liquid into a mixing reaction kettle with a dispersing mixer, starting the dispersing mixer, carrying out contact mixing and dispersion in a closed mixing reaction kettle for 30min under the condition that the rotating speed is 2900rpm, then starting a pressure pump, simultaneously opening an in-line high-shear dispersing emulsifying machine, continuously carrying out circulating shear dispersing emulsification treatment on the reverse concentrated size mixing liquid (the solid content is 10 wt%) in the mixing reaction kettle for 60min (the rotating speed is 2900rpm), and then discharging to obtain a dispersed emulsion; a filtering centrifuge (marked as a three-stage filtering centrifuge, the specification of a filtering medium is 200 meshes, the rotating speed of a motor rotor is 1460rmp, the power is 11kW, and the processing capacity is 20-30 m3And h) carrying out three-stage filtration and separation on the dispersed emulsion to obtain three-stage separation filter residue and three-stage separation filtrate, transferring the three-stage separation filter residue into a third buffer size mixing tank, mixing and dispersing the three-stage separation filter residue with second-stage separation fine residue in the third buffer size mixing tank and the reversely-washed second-stage separation filtrate, and preparing the liquid ecological fertilizer by taking the third-stage separation filtrate as a raw material.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the method provided by the present invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the method provided by the invention comprises a livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit, an anaerobic digestion treatment unit, an anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, an organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit, a high-temperature composting treatment unit and an ecological functional fertilizer production unit, integrates and integrates a modern sewage biochemical treatment technology, a centrifugal filtration separation technology, a functional fertilizer production technology and matched process equipment, and intensively solves a series of ecological environment and resource utilization problems caused by the large volume of livestock and poultry waste in a large-scale farm.
2. The method provided by the invention can reduce the load step by step and balance the processing capacity born by each processing unit to the maximum extent, for example, the arrangement of the anaerobic digestion liquid grading processing unit can balance the load among the anaerobic digestion processing unit, the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit and the high-temperature composting processing unit, and the method plays the role of a bridge and a link among the anaerobic digestion processing unit, the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit and the high-temperature composting processing unit.
3. The method provided by the invention integrates multiple functions, can timely and efficiently treat large amount of livestock and poultry waste discharged by a large-scale farm every day and anaerobic digestion liquid (biogas residue and biogas liquid mixture) discharged by a CSTR system (biogas engineering) in an anaerobic digestion treatment unit of the large-scale farm every day and correspondingly utilize fertilizer resources, and achieves the purposes of purifying the environment, reducing pollution and improving economic benefit.
4. The method provided by the invention selects a process technical route of grading treatment, back flushing (or dilution) and back concentration according to the functional characteristics of anaerobic digestion liquid of an anaerobic digestion treatment unit CSTR system (biogas engineering), thereby intensively solving the fine separation problem of refractory organic matters and easily degradable organic matters in large-volume livestock manure (sewage) discharged by a large-scale farm every day and anaerobic digestion liquid (biogas residue and biogas liquid mixture) discharged by an anaerobic digestion treatment unit CSTR system (biogas engineering) of the large-scale farm every day, and intensively solving the concentration problem of the anaerobic digestion liquid (biogas liquid).
5. The preparation process of the high-physiological-activity concentrated biogas slurry (three-stage separation filtrate) selects a process route for activating active substances by a physical method, effectively improves the content of various amino acids, humic acid (especially fulvic acid) and other organic acids and the ecological environment safety, provides a foundation for the cooperative treatment process of the anaerobic digestion solution, can be applied to large-scale production, and is low in cost and simple to operate.
6. In the method provided by the invention, an intermittent fast flow dispersing mixer and a pipeline high shear dispersing emulsifier are adopted to carry out the processes of circulating reciprocation and high frequency dispersing emulsification to activate the physiologically active substances in the reverse concentrated pulp mixing liquid (the mixture of the secondary separated fine slag and the secondary separated filtrate after reverse washing), so that the physiologically active substances have higher physiological activity and higher stability, and the physiologically active substances contain rich organic acids such as small molecular weight amino acid, fulvic acid and the like, thereby not only keeping the stability of pH (potential of hydrogen) of the functional liquid fertilizer raw materials, NPK (nitrogen phosphorus) nutrients and micronutrients required by vegetation of vegetation, but also being used as a growth regulator to promote the growth of plant roots, stimulate the growth of plants and promote photosynthesis.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilizer resource utilization comprises the following steps:
establishing a livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilization resource utilization system, wherein the livestock and poultry waste treatment and fertilization resource utilization system consists of a livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit, an anaerobic digestion treatment unit, an anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit, an organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit, a high-temperature composting treatment unit and an ecological functional fertilizer production unit; the livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit comprises a manure collecting and pulp mixing tank, a filtering centrifuge for rough filtration, a first buffer pulp mixing tank and a first coarse residue concentration pulp mixing tank; the anaerobic digestion treatment unit comprises a CSTR system, a UASB system, a two-stage A/O system, an anaerobic digestion liquid cache pool, a second cache size mixing pool and a sludge sedimentation pool; the anaerobic digestion liquid grading treatment unit comprises a primary filtering centrifuge, a secondary filtering centrifuge, a primary coarse separation slag storage tank, a secondary fine separation slag storage tank, a primary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, a secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank and a second coarse slag concentration pulp regulating tank; the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit comprises a third buffer size mixing pool, a mixing reaction kettle, a pressure pump, a pipeline type high-shear dispersing emulsifying machine and a three-stage filtering centrifugal machine; the high-temperature compost treatment unit comprises an open fermentation tank, an aeration device and a turner; the ecological functional fertilizer production unit is used for receiving functional solid fertilizer raw materials generated by the high-temperature compost treatment unit and functional organic liquid fertilizer raw materials generated by the organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit and respectively converting the functional solid fertilizer raw materials and the functional organic liquid fertilizer raw materials into a solid ecological fertilizer and a liquid ecological fertilizer;
mixing livestock and poultry waste in a manure collecting and mixing tank of a livestock and poultry waste pretreatment unit to obtain a mixed slurry liquid, carrying out rough filtration and filtration separation on the mixed slurry liquid by adopting a rough filtration and filtering centrifuge to obtain rough filtration separation water and rough filtration separation coarse slag, transferring the rough filtration separation water into a first buffer mixing tank, and transferring the rough filtration separation coarse slag into a first coarse slag concentration mixing tank; the solid content of the size mixing material liquid in the excrement collecting size mixing pool is 5-20 wt%; the specification of a filter medium adopted for rough filtration, filtration and separation is 5-8 meshes;
carrying out reverse flushing on the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag to obtain the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing; the frequency of back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag is 1-2, and the method for back flushing the coarse filtration and separation slag independently comprises the following steps:
conveying the A/O effluent to a first coarse residue concentration pulp regulating tank to be mixed with coarse filtration separation coarse residues to be back-washed to obtain a back-washing mixed solution; the solid content of the back flushing mixed liquid in the first coarse slag concentration slurry mixing tank is 10-20 wt%;
performing rough filtration, filtration and separation on the back flushing mixed liquid by adopting a rough filtration and filtration centrifuge, enabling the obtained back flushing effluent to enter a first buffer size mixing tank and be combined with the rough filtration and separation effluent, and enabling the obtained rough filtration and separation coarse slag after the back flushing to return to the first coarse slag concentration size mixing tank again for carrying out back flushing of the next cycle;
adopting A/O effluent to size the coarse-filtered separated effluent in the first buffer size mixing tank to a solid content of 5-10 wt%;
treating the coarse-filtered separated water in the first buffer size mixing tank in a CSTR system of an anaerobic digestion treatment unit by adopting a CSTR process to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid, and transferring the anaerobic digestion liquid into an anaerobic digestion liquid buffer tank, wherein the solid content of the anaerobic digestion liquid in the anaerobic digestion liquid buffer tank is 2-5 wt%;
performing primary filtration separation on the anaerobic digestion solution by using a primary filtration centrifuge of an anaerobic digestion solution grading treatment unit to obtain primary separation filtrate and primary separation coarse slag, transferring the primary separation coarse slag into a primary separation coarse slag storage tank, and transferring the primary separation filtrate into a primary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the primary filtration separation is 12-20 meshes;
performing secondary filtration separation on the primary separation filtrate by using a secondary filtration centrifuge to obtain secondary separation filtrate and secondary separation fine slag, transferring the secondary separation fine slag into a secondary separation fine slag storage tank, transferring the secondary separation filtrate into a secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, wherein the solid content of the secondary separation filtrate in the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank is less than or equal to 2 wt%; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the secondary filtration and separation is 100-140 meshes;
carrying out reverse flushing on the primary separation coarse slag by adopting part of secondary separation filtrate to obtain the secondary separation filtrate after the reverse flushing and the primary separation coarse slag after the reverse flushing; the number of times of back flushing the primary separation coarse slag is 1-2, and the method for back flushing the primary separation coarse slag independently comprises the following steps:
mixing part of the secondary separation filtrate and primary separation coarse slag to be back-washed in a second coarse slag concentration pulp mixing tank to obtain a back-washing mixed solution; the solid content of the back flushing mixed liquid in the second coarse slag concentration slurry mixing tank is 5-20 wt%;
performing primary filtration separation on the reverse flushing mixed solution by using a primary filtration centrifuge to obtain primary flushing filtrate and primary separation coarse slag after reverse flushing, transferring the primary flushing filtrate into a primary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank, and transferring the primary separation coarse slag after reverse flushing into a primary separation coarse slag storage tank;
performing secondary filtration separation on the primary washing filtrate in the primary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank by using a secondary filtration centrifuge to obtain secondary washing fine slag and secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing, transferring the secondary washing fine slag into a secondary separation fine slag storage tank to be combined with the secondary separation fine slag, and transferring the secondary separation filtrate after reverse washing into a secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank;
transferring the overflow of the secondary separation filtrate exceeding the storage capacity of the secondary separation filtrate intermediate storage tank into a second buffer size mixing tank, sequentially treating in a UASB system by adopting a UASB process and treating in a two-stage A/O system by adopting a two-stage A/O process to obtain A/O precipitated sludge and A/O effluent, and transferring the A/O precipitated sludge into a sludge sedimentation tank; returning the A/O precipitated sludge to an anaerobic digestion solution cache pool for primary filtration and separation; part of the A/O effluent is used for size mixing treatment of the livestock and poultry waste and back flushing of the coarse filtration and separation coarse slag, and the rest A/O effluent is discharged after reaching the standard;
mixing the coarse filtration and separation slag after reverse washing and the primary separation slag after reverse washing with auxiliary materials, performing open composting fermentation in a high-temperature composting treatment unit to obtain a functional solid fertilizer raw material, and then transferring the functional solid fertilizer raw material into an ecological functional fertilizer production unit to prepare a solid ecological fertilizer;
and treating the secondary separated fine slag and the reversely flushed secondary separated filtrate by an organic liquid fertilizer base liquid production unit to obtain a functional organic liquid fertilizer raw material, and then transferring the functional organic liquid fertilizer raw material into an ecological functional fertilizer production unit to prepare the liquid ecological fertilizer.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the solid ecological fertilizer comprises:
mixing, tempering and open composting fermentation are carried out on coarse filtration and separation residues after reverse washing, primary separation and coarse residues after reverse washing and auxiliary materials in a high-temperature composting treatment unit to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the fermentation product is a functional solid fertilizer raw material, and the fermentation product is used as a raw material to prepare a solid ecological fertilizer;
taking rough filtration separation coarse slag after reverse washing and primary separation coarse slag after reverse washing as main materials, wherein mixing and tempering are to adjust the water content of a pile obtained after mixing the main materials and auxiliary materials to 55-60%, and adjusting the C/N to (25-30): 1; the open compost fermentation comprises a first fermentation and a second fermentation which are sequentially carried out, wherein the period of the first fermentation is 15-20 d, the first fermentation is carried out under the aeration condition, and the ventilation volume is 50-300L/min; the period of the second fermentation is 25-30 d, and the second fermentation is carried out under the non-aeration condition.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the liquid ecological fertilizer comprises the following steps:
mixing and dispersing the secondary separated fine slag and the reversely washed secondary separated filtrate in a third buffer size mixing tank to obtain reversely concentrated size mixing liquid;
pumping the reverse concentrated slurry mixing liquid into a mixing reaction kettle with a dispersing mixer, starting the dispersing mixer, carrying out contact mixing and dispersing for 15-30 min in the closed mixing reaction kettle, then starting a pressure pump, simultaneously opening an inline high-shear dispersing emulsifying machine, and carrying out high-shear dispersing emulsifying treatment on the reverse concentrated slurry mixing liquid in the mixing reaction kettle for 60-120 min to obtain a dispersed emulsion;
performing three-stage filtration separation on the dispersed emulsion by using a three-stage filtration centrifuge to obtain three-stage separation filter residue and three-stage separation filtrate; and returning the third-stage separation filter residue to a third buffer size mixing pool for mixing and dispersing, wherein the third-stage separation filtrate is a functional organic liquid fertilizer raw material, and the third-stage separation filtrate is used as a raw material for preparing a liquid ecological fertilizer.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the solid content of the reverse-concentrated slurry in the mixing reaction kettle is 10-30 wt%; mixing and dispersing the secondary separation fine slag and the reversely washed secondary separation filtrate under the condition of the rotating speed of 2800-3000 rpm, and performing high-shear dispersion emulsification under the condition of the rotating speed of 2800-3000 rpm; the specification of a filter medium adopted by the three-stage filtration separation is 170-200 meshes.
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