CN112225239A - Method for producing and co-processing flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by sodium-alkali method through aluminum oxide - Google Patents

Method for producing and co-processing flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by sodium-alkali method through aluminum oxide Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112225239A
CN112225239A CN202010948071.XA CN202010948071A CN112225239A CN 112225239 A CN112225239 A CN 112225239A CN 202010948071 A CN202010948071 A CN 202010948071A CN 112225239 A CN112225239 A CN 112225239A
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flue gas
desulfurization
sodium
alkali
alumina
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左会敏
侯用兴
邵元钦
刘平英
张永臣
炊英锋
许罡正
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Henan Huahui Nonferrous Engineering Design Co ltd
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Henan Huahui Nonferrous Engineering Design Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/20Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from aluminous ores using acids or salts
    • C01F7/28Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from aluminous ores using acids or salts with sulfurous acid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/02Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
    • C01F7/44Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water
    • C01F7/441Dehydration of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, i.e. all conversions of one form into another involving a loss of water by calcination

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection flue gas treatment and alumina production, and particularly discloses a method for cooperatively treating flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by a sodium-alkali method in alumina production. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: the desulfurization solution generated by the sodium-alkali flue gas desulfurization is used for preparing the raw alumina slurry, the prepared raw alumina slurry converts sulfur absorbed in the desulfurization solution into solid FeS in the clinker sintering process, and the solid FeS is discharged along with the red mud. The sulfur-containing solution desulfurized by the sodium-alkali method is used for raw slurry burdening of an alumina production system and is utilized as a raw material, and sodium carbonate in the sulfur-containing solution can replace part of sodium carbonate required by the preparation of alumina raw slurry so as to reduce the using amount of sodium carbonate powder during the preparation of the raw slurry; SO is absorbed in the desulfurization2The alkali liquor directly enters the alumina production flow, compared with the dual-alkali desulphurization, the method cancels the oxidation process of the desulphurization slurry, does not generate desulphurization slag such as gypsum, and saves the costThe wet-method deslagging process is eliminated.

Description

Method for producing and co-processing flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by sodium-alkali method through aluminum oxide
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection flue gas treatment and the field of alumina production, in particular to a method for cooperatively treating flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by a sodium-alkali method in alumina production.
Background
As the demand for energy increases, the amount of SOx emissions formed from coal, fuel and oil refining processes increases. SOx is one of the main atmospheric pollutants, and the SOx in the atmosphere seriously harms the living environment of human beings in the form of acid rain and the like. For many years, SOx control has been widely regarded at home and abroad, and becomes an important part for protecting the environment and controlling atmospheric pollution. Many flue gas desulfurization methods researched in the world exceed one hundred, and only more than ten methods can be really applied to industrial production. Currently, the commonly used flue gas desulfurization methods can be roughly divided into two categories, namely dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization, wherein the wet desulfurization is the most common and relatively mature. The principle of wet desulfurization is to utilize alkaline absorbent to react with acidic SOx in flue gas to generate a stable compound existing in solid phase or liquid phase.
In wet desulphurization, sodium-based desulphurization such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate is most reliable, and sodium-base desulphurization has the advantages of non-volatility of an absorbent, high solubility, high activity and the like; and does not form calcium sulfate scale as does calcium-based desulfurization. However, the price of sodium alkali is high, the operation cost is many times that of calcium-based desulfurization, and after the sodium-method desulfurization system operates for a period of time, wastewater containing sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfate and sodium chloride needs to be discharged, so that the problem that the desulfurization effect is reduced because sodium alkali cannot be dissolved due to overhigh concentration of sodium ions in water, and the corrosion of equipment and pipelines can be caused by overhigh concentration of sodium chloride. And the desulfurization waste water generated by sodium desulfurization is difficult to treat, the ion concentration is high, and secondary pollution is caused to the environment due to discharge. The desulfurization wastewater is usually subjected to evaporation and salt removal treatment, but other problems of high investment, high operating cost and the like are caused. If the desulfurized sulfur-containing alkali liquor can be reasonably recycled, the bottleneck of waste liquor treatment in the sodium-alkali desulphurization technology can be broken through, and the economy of the sodium-alkali desulphurization is greatly improved.
Therefore, the present invention has been made to improve upon the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a method for cooperatively treating waste liquid of flue gas desulfurization by a sodium-alkali method in alumina production, wherein desulfurization liquid generated by flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method is used for preparing raw slurry of alumina, and sulfur absorbed in the desulfurization liquid is converted into solid FeS by utilizing a desulfurization method of 'raw material coal adding' in the alumina production, and then the solid FeS is discharged along with red mud.
The invention adopts a technical scheme that: a method for producing alumina to cooperatively treat flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by a sodium-alkali method comprises the following steps:
the desulfurization solution generated by the flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method is used for preparing raw slurry of alumina; and the number of the first and second groups,
and converting sulfur absorbed in the desulfurization solution into solid FeS in the step of sintering the clinker, and discharging the solid FeS together with the red mud.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, Na in the clinker obtained by sintering the alumina raw slurry prepared by adopting the desulfurization solution at high temperature2SO4The mass percentage content of the component (A) is less than or equal to 5 percent.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alkali liquor used in the sodium-alkali flue gas desulfurization is an alkali liquor containing any one or more solutes of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium aluminate.
Preferably, the alkali liquor adopted for flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method is the alkali liquor containing sodium carbonate and sodium aluminate solutes.
Further preferably, the alkali liquor used for flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method is a mixed alkali liquor of a solution containing sodium carbonate and a solution containing sodium aluminate.
Preferably, the solution containing sodium aluminate is carbon decomposition mother liquor in the alumina industry, namely the solution after decomposing and separating aluminum hydroxide solids in the carbon decomposition in the production process of alumina or fine alumina.
Further preferably, the solution containing sodium aluminate is a carbon precipitation mother liquor after separating a finished product of pseudo-boehmite in the production of the pseudo-boehmite; and/or the solution containing sodium aluminate is carbon mother liquor after aluminum hydroxide solid is separated in the production process of aluminum oxide. The carbonation mother liquor herein also includes the wash liquor produced for washing the finished pseudoboehmite or aluminum hydroxide solids.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sodium-alkali flue gas desulfurization is to carry out desulfurization treatment on the sulfur-containing flue gas by contacting alkali liquor with the sulfur-containing flue gas, and SO in the treated sulfur-containing flue gas2The content can be 30-20000 mg/m3
SO in desulfurized flue gas2The content is reduced to 30mg/m3And the desulfurized flue gas is subjected to demisting and precipitation treatment and then is discharged.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the alkali liquor and the sulfur-containing flue gas are contacted in the desulfurizing tower for desulfurization treatment, and the ratio of the alkali liquor to the sulfur-containing flue gas in the desulfurizing tower is 0.5-10L/m3More preferably 0.5 to 3L/m3. Because the sulfur-containing waste liquid generated by desulfurization is used for preparing the raw slurry of alumina, sodium carbonate can be excessively added in the desulfurization process, the liquid-gas ratio of the desulfurization state is effectively reduced, and the desulfurization effect is improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the number of times of contacting the lye with the sulfur-containing flue gas is one or more, preferably a plurality of desulfurizing towers are used in series.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the prepared raw alumina slurry has a base ratio of 0.8-1.3, a calcium ratio of 1.0-2.3, and a fixed carbon content of 1-6 wt% in dry raw material. Wherein the alkali ratio is a statement of alumina production by sintering method, and represents alkaline substance (Na) in raw slurry2O、K2Sum of molecular weights of O) and Al2O3And Fe2O3The ratio of the sum of the molecular weights of (a); the calcium ratio represents the molecular weight of CaO and SiO in the raw slurry2The ratio of the molecular weights of (a); the fixed carbon content in the dry raw meal represents the weight percentage of carbon present as a simple substance in the dry raw meal to the dry raw meal.
In the invention, the sulfur-containing flue gas subjected to sodium-alkali flue gas desulfurization treatment can be any one of flue gas of a thermal power plant boiler, flue gas of a lime kiln, flue gas of an aluminum hydroxide roasting furnace, flue gas of a bauxite sintering kiln, flue gas of a carbon industry roasting furnace and flue gas of an electrolysis industry; or sulfur-containing flue gas generated by other kilns near the alumina production enterprise.
The invention develops a method for producing and cooperatively treating the waste liquid generated by the flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method by performing combined research on the sulfur-containing waste liquid generated by the sodium-alkali method desulfurization, namely the desulfurization liquid generated by the flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method and the production industry of aluminum oxide, and provides a combined desulfurization technology, namely the flue gas desulfurization technology by the sodium-alkali method and the coal-adding desulfurization technology of aluminum oxide raw material2Gas to obtain flue gas desulfurization solution, and absorbing SO2The gas flue gas desulfurization liquid is sent to the raw slurry preparation procedure in the alumina production process and is added into the raw slurry; and then, by utilizing the coal-adding desulfurization technology of raw slurry in the production process of alumina, converting sulfur in the flue gas desulfurization solution into solid FeS in the sintering process of clinker, and then discharging the solid FeS along with the red mud.
In the invention, sodium-alkali solution, namely alkali liquor is contacted with the sulfur-containing flue gas, and the sodium-alkali solution absorbs SO in the sulfur-containing flue gas2And (3) desulfurizing the gas, wherein the contact mode of the alkali liquor and the sulfur-containing flue gas can be that the alkali liquor is atomized and then is mixed with the flue gas in a desulfurizing tower, or the sulfur-containing flue gas is introduced into the alkali liquor.
The traditional sodium-alkali method adopts Na2CO3Or alkali liquor with NaOH as solute as initial absorbent for absorbing SO in sulfur-containing flue gas2The desulfurization is completed in the contact process, and the main reactions are as follows:
2NaOH+SO2=Na2SO3+H2O
NaOH+SO2=NaHSO3
Na2CO3+SO2=Na2SO3+CO2
Na2CO3+SO2+H2O→2NaHSO3+2CO2
Na2SO3+SO2+H2O=2NaHSO3
one of the production processes of producing alumina by sintering method or combination method is to prepare raw slurry of alumina, which is a process of mixing bauxite, anthracite, soda ash and lime or limestone and then grinding the mixture into slurry. The prepared raw slurry is sintered to prepare clinker, and then the clinker is subjected to a dissolution process to prepare the aluminum hydroxide.
In the process of producing alumina by sintering method or combination method, because some sulfur-containing impurities are brought in raw materials (bauxite, lime, limestone and red mud) and sintering coal, the sulfur-containing impurities can be mixed with Na during sintering2CO3Act to form Na2SO4. Sodium sulfate enters clinker, the sodium sulfate enters alkali liquor when the clinker is dissolved out, and the alkali liquor returns to raw slurry ingredients after circulation, so that the sodium sulfate is continuously and circularly accumulated in the production process, and Na is generated in the production process2SO4The content is increased. Due to Na2SO4Low melting point, when Na is contained in clinker2SO4If the content exceeds 5 percent, the clinker kiln is frequently ring-formed and the operation is difficult. A process for desulfurizing raw material by adding coal in order to prevent the accumulation of S features that a certain quantity of anthracite is added when raw slurry of alumina is prepared, and the raw material coal is used to effectively suppress the accumulation of S in the production of alumina2SO4The content is reduced to below 1.5 percent.
Specifically, the raw material coal-adding desulfurization process is to add anthracite accounting for 1-6% of the weight of raw material in the preparation process of raw slurry, form a reducing atmosphere in furnace charge, and add Fe at 700-800 DEG C2O3Reduced to FeO or even metallic iron, Na2SO4Is also reduced to Na2S and further reacting with FeO to produce FeS and Na2And S. The main involved reactions are as follows:
Na2SO4+2C→Na2S+4CO2
Na2SO4+C→Na2SO3+CO
2Na2SO4+Na2S→4Na2SO3
Na2SO3+2C→Na2S+2CO2
2NaHSO3+2C→Na2S+2CO2+H2O
2C+O2=2CO
C+O2=CO2
Fe2O3+C=2FeO+CO
Fe2O3+CO=2FeO+CO2
Na2SO3+Al2O3→Na2O·Al2O3+SO2
Na2O+SO2=Na2SO3
Na2S+FeO=FeS+Na2O
Na2S+FeO+Al2O3=Na2O·Al2O3+FeS。
SO produced during the reaction2The gas can be basically and completely absorbed by NaOH and Na2SO4And entering the furnace burden. This is also SO in clinker kiln flue gas2The main reason for the generally low emission concentrations. Studies show that SO in clinker4 2-Is Na2SO4Exists in a form of S2-Mainly present as FeS and secondly as Na2S exists in the form of Na in the clinker dissolving process2S enters the solution, and most of FeS enters the red mud in a solid state and is discharged out of the process. And the sulfur in the solution enters the clinker kiln again for desulfurization after the alumina circulation. In the invention, flue gas desulfurization solution generated by sodium-alkali desulfurization enters prepared alumina raw slurry, sulfur absorbed in the flue gas desulfurization solution is converted into solid FeS in a clinker sintering process, and then the solid FeS is discharged along with red mud. The iron in FeS is impurity in the production process of aluminaThe discharge of element and sulfur does not increase the dosage of lime or limestone in the production process of alumina. FeS is a conventional component of the sintering-process red mud in the sintering-process alumina production process, and has low content, so that new pollution to the environment can not be caused.
The invention innovatively uses the sulfur-containing waste liquid desulfurized by a sodium-alkali method for raw slurry batching of an alumina production system, and the sulfur-containing waste liquid is used as a raw material, and sodium carbonate in the sulfur-containing waste liquid can replace part of sodium carbonate required in the preparation process of the alumina raw slurry, so that the using amount of sodium carbonate powder in the preparation process of the alumina raw slurry is reduced. The invention combines the process characteristics of alumina production, has simple process, and absorbs SO in the desulfurization2The alkali liquor can directly enter the alumina production flow, compared with the double-alkali desulphurization, the oxidation process of the desulphurization slurry is cancelled, no desulphurization slag such as gypsum is generated, and no wet-process deslagging flow exists.
The method solves the technical problem that the sodium-alkali desulfurization waste liquid is difficult to treat. Compared with the double alkali method, the method cancels the procedures of regeneration of the desulfurization solution, separation of waste residue and the like, and is beneficial to reducing the investment and the operating cost; the desulfurization process does not need to be added with calcareous sulfur-fixing agents such as lime and the like, and finally, sulfur is discharged out of the process in the form of FeS, so that the cost of the desulfurizer is reduced. In addition, because a large amount of sodium carbonate needs to be supplemented into raw slurry ingredients by a sintering method, the sodium carbonate can be excessively added in the prior desulfurization process, the liquid-gas ratio of a desulfurization state is favorably reduced, and the desulfurization effect is improved.
The method can realize the comprehensive treatment of the kiln flue gas of alumina production enterprises and nearby enterprises, has simple flow, does not discharge wet slag in a desulfurization system, and does not consume a desulfurizer. The sulfur removed from the flue gas is converted into solid FeS in the clinker sintering process and is discharged along with the red mud produced by the sintering method.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be explained in detail below.
Example 1
The lime kiln of a certain plant can produce 18t/h, and the amount of flue gas produced is 300000Nm3H, passing through a bag type dust collector and a flue gas washing tower, and then, CO in the flue gas2Content 30% > E40%,O2Content 3% -6%, H2The O content is 1-3 percent, and the dust content of the flue gas after dust removal is less than or equal to 30mg/Nm3SO in flue gas2The content is 1200mg/m3And the temperature of the flue gas is 160 ℃.
The alumina production system comprises 1 clinker kiln, the clinker yield is 60t/h, and Na in the clinker is added before the clinker is added into the lime furnace desulfurization alkali liquor2SO4The content is about 1.5 percent, and the red mud is finally formed by about 40 t/h.
Desulfurizing the fume in lime furnace with the carbon mother liquid generated in the production of pseudo-thin water aluminium as desulfurizing agent, which contains aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and Na2CO3The content is 60g/L, the NaOH content is 1-3 g/L, and the temperature is about 70 ℃.
The flue gas of the lime furnace is pressurized by a fan and then enters a wet desulphurization tower, and the desulphurization tower adopts an empty tower for spraying. The total circulation flow of carbon content mother liquor, namely sodium carbonate solution, is controlled to be 90m3The ratio of the smoke gas to the volume of the smoke gas is controlled to be 3L/m3And on the left and right sides, the desulfurizing tower adopts 4 layers of spraying and 3 layers of demisting. The amount of the new sodium carbonate solution added into the desulfurizing tower is 10m3And h, controlling the pH value of the solution in the circulating pool at the bottom of the desulfurization tower to be more than 10. SO in desulfurized flue gas2The content is less than or equal to 30mg/m3,H2The content of O is less than or equal to 20mg/m3. SO in desulfurized sodium carbonate solution2The concentration is increased by 3.6g/L, the sulfur-containing sodium carbonate solution passes through the material mixing system of the original filter cake pumping sintering method, and Na in the clinker is not subjected to sulfur fixation reaction2SO4The content is about 79.88kg/h, and is increased by 0.13%; in the sintering process, about 49.5kg of FeS is generated after coal addition and desulfurization, and accounts for 0.12 percent of the red mud.
Example 2
The CO in the flue gas generated by a certain thermal power plant boiler passes through a bag type dust collector230% -40% of O2Content 3% -6%, H2The O content is 1-3 percent, and the dust content of the flue gas after dust removal is less than or equal to 30mg/Nm3SO in flue gas2The content is 800mg/m3~1150mg/m3And the temperature of the flue gas is 40-60 ℃.
The desulfurizing agent is sodium carbonate aqueous solution, Na thereof2CO3The content is 10g/L, the NaOH content is 1-3 gL, temperature about 70 ℃.
And (4) entering a wet desulphurization tower, and reacting the flue gas with the sprayed sodium carbonate solution in the desulphurization tower. The ratio of the circulating flow rate of the sodium carbonate solution to the smoke gas amount is controlled to be 0.5L/m3Above, SO in flue gas2Absorbed by the sodium carbonate solution sprayed from the upper part of the desulfurization tower, part of dust in the flue gas also enters the sodium carbonate solution, the purified flue gas is discharged after water drops in the flue gas are removed by a demister on the upper part of the desulfurization tower, and SO in the flue gas after desulfurization reaches the standard2The content is less than or equal to 30mg/m3,H2The content of O is less than or equal to 25mg/m3. Absorption of SO2The alkali liquor of the gas falls into the bottom of the desulfurizing tower for recycling, and simultaneously, the pH value of the slurry in the slurry pool area at the bottom of the tower is controlled to be more than 5.
The discharged sulfur-containing sodium carbonate solution passes through a batching system of the original filter cake pumping sintering method, is sintered by a clinker kiln to generate FeS, enters a sintering method production system along with the clinker, and is finally discharged to a red mud yard as the clinker red mud.
Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method for producing and co-processing sodium-alkali flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by alumina is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the desulfurization solution generated by the flue gas desulfurization by the sodium-alkali method is used for preparing raw slurry of alumina; and the number of the first and second groups,
and converting sulfur absorbed in the desulfurization solution into solid FeS in the step of sintering the clinker, and discharging the solid FeS together with the red mud.
2. According to claim 1The method is characterized in that the raw alumina slurry prepared by the desulfurization solution is sintered at high temperature to obtain Na in the clinker2SO4The mass percentage content of the component (A) is less than or equal to 5 percent.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alkali liquor used for flue gas desulfurization by the soda-soda process is an alkali liquor containing any one or more of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and sodium aluminate; preferably, the alkali liquor used for sodium-alkali desulphurization is a mixed alkali liquor of a solution containing sodium carbonate and a solution containing sodium aluminate.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the sodium aluminate-containing solution is a solution after separating aluminium hydroxide solids by carbon decomposition in the production of alumina or fine alumina; preferably, the solution containing sodium aluminate is carbon-precipitation mother liquor after separating a finished product pseudo-boehmite in the production of the pseudo-boehmite, and/or the solution containing sodium aluminate is carbon-precipitation mother liquor after separating aluminum hydroxide solids in the production process of aluminum oxide.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sodium-alkali flue gas desulfurization is a desulfurization treatment of sulfur-containing flue gas by contacting alkali liquor with the sulfur-containing flue gas, and SO in the treated sulfur-containing flue gas2The content is 30-20000 mg/m3
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the alkali liquor and the sulfur-containing flue gas are contacted in a desulfurization tower for desulfurization treatment, and the ratio of the alkali liquor to the sulfur-containing flue gas in the desulfurization tower is 0.5-10L/m3Preferably 0.5 to 3L/m3
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the number of times of contacting the lye with the sulfurous flue gas is one or more, preferably a plurality of desulfurizing towers are used in series.
8. The method of claim 7The method is characterized in that SO in the desulfurized flue gas2The content is reduced to 30mg/m3And the desulfurized flue gas is subjected to demisting and precipitation treatment and then is discharged.
CN202010948071.XA 2020-09-10 2020-09-10 Method for producing and co-processing flue gas desulfurization waste liquid by sodium-alkali method through aluminum oxide Pending CN112225239A (en)

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