CN112222148B - Harmless treatment process for household garbage - Google Patents
Harmless treatment process for household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112222148B CN112222148B CN202010993391.7A CN202010993391A CN112222148B CN 112222148 B CN112222148 B CN 112222148B CN 202010993391 A CN202010993391 A CN 202010993391A CN 112222148 B CN112222148 B CN 112222148B
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- garbage
- magnetic plate
- household garbage
- domestic garbage
- magnetic
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a harmless treatment process of household garbage, which comprises the following steps of 1) draining the collected household garbage; 2) Crushing, sorting and magnetically separating the household garbage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage; 3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of more than 100mm for carrying out damp-heat hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage; 4) Sufficient water is added into the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis, the domestic garbage is uniformly stirred and is simultaneously sent into a physical settling chamber through a current stabilizer, and the invention can completely or nearly completely realize the complete screening of metal substances and incidental substances thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of household garbage treatment, and particularly relates to a harmless treatment method capable of thoroughly screening metal substances in household garbage.
Background
Environmental pollution and proper management of the urban domestic garbage discharge are one of the problems to be solved urgently in China. Along with the development of society and production, the garbage that produces also can be more and more, along with the increase of cigarette platform urban population, the continuous improvement of citizen's living standard and integration of city and countryside, in recent years, the domestic waste in city has almost doubled, and the domestic waste in some cities has even doubled more than.
However, most of the current garbage disposal methods are mainly landfill and incineration, which not only causes environmental damage, but also causes waste of resources.
With the progress of technology, the method of crushing and separating garbage begins to be used, and the current garbage crusher mainly treats garbage in a form, such as kitchen garbage, in a cutting mode and then intensively treats the garbage after crushing, however, the garbage treated by the crushing mode still needs to be repeatedly selected or sorted, the selected garbage is dewatered, then is subjected to magnetic separation and air separation after dewatering, and finally is subjected to flotation according to different specific gravities, but the sorting process is relatively complex, and the cost of garbage sorting is relatively high. The existing magnetic separation mode is not thorough, part of domestic garbage containing a small amount of metal substances, such as broken paper boxes with nails, metal snap fasteners on plastic parts, electric wires and the like, has smaller weight before being broken, and is difficult to completely discharge in a mode of directly adopting a magnet, so that inconvenience is brought to subsequent garbage treatment, especially, the residual metal substances are difficult to treat after entering the subsequent anaerobic fermentation treatment, and therefore, the metal substances are required to be screened again before the anaerobic fermentation treatment, and the final harmless treatment is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a harmless treatment process of household garbage, which can completely or nearly completely realize the complete screening of metal substances and incidental substances thereof.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
1) Draining the collected domestic garbage;
2) Crushing, sorting and magnetically separating the household garbage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage;
3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of more than 100mm for carrying out damp-heat hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage;
4) Adding sufficient water into the domestic garbage subjected to the wet-heat hydrolysis, uniformly stirring, simultaneously sending the domestic garbage into a physical settling chamber through a flow stabilizer, standing for 20-40 minutes, sending the part with higher grease content in the physical settling chamber into an oil-water separation system, firstly carrying out two-phase separation, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the separated solid matter, then carrying out separation on the liquid matter in a three-phase separator to obtain grease, water and small-particle solid matter, collecting the grease to be used as an industrial grease raw material, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the small-particle solid matter; the part with higher content of large-particle organic matters settled in the physical settling chamber is subjected to two-phase separation and dehydration, and the obtained solid is used as a raw material for aerobic biological fermentation;
the flow stabilizer is provided with a horizontal or inclined bottom, the bottom is provided with a plurality of magnetic plates which are uniformly distributed, the magnetic plates incline along the flowing direction of fluid in the flow stabilizer, and the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is magnetically separated when passing through the flow stabilizer so as to remove metal substances and incidental substances thereof.
According to the technical scheme, water vapor is filled into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment to perform a wet-heat hydrolysis process, and sufficient water is introduced again to perform sufficient stirring after the wet-heat hydrolysis, so that the flowing transfer of the household garbage is facilitated, and the subsequent sedimentation and layering are facilitated.
Preferably, the crushing process in the step 2) comprises coarse crushing and fine crushing with different crushing grades, the operations of crushing, sorting and magnetic separation are carried out after the coarse crushing and the fine crushing, so that the metal substances are screened as far as possible, most metal substances and their incidental substances can be discharged by the magnetic separation in the process, and the subsequent treatment difficulty is reduced.
The domestic waste that flows carries out magnetic separation process once more through the magnetic sheet at the in-process that shifts to the physics settling chamber through the current stabilizer, and the metallics of tiny granule that contains of domestic waste after the hydrothermal hydrolysis separates rather than subsidiary very big degree, and metallics forms independent unit this moment, and is great based on metallics self density, and it can be close to the bottom at the current stabilizer at the flow in-process, carries out the magnetic separation through the magnetic sheet and collects this moment, and thorough collects the metallics and discharges.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the magnetic plate is in a skeleton shape, when the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is magnetically separated by the magnetic plate in the current stabilizer, the metal substances and the incidental substances thereof are adsorbed on the magnetic plate, and the non-metal substances pass through the holes in the skeleton-shaped magnetic plate.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the maximum inclination angle of the magnetic plate is 45 °, and the inclination angle of the magnetic plate is adjusted according to the amount of the metal substance adsorbed on the magnetic plate, and the magnetic plate can also perform an inclined upward flow guiding function.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the end of the magnetic plate at the bottom is provided with a rotating shaft with a damper, and the magnetic plate generates self-adaptive inclination angle change based on the damper along with the increase of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the current stabilizer forms at least one groove, and the magnetic plate is disposed in the groove.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the groove is provided with a guide slope near the outlet of the current stabilizer to facilitate the outflow of the domestic garbage in a flow state.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the magnetic plate is provided with an electrified coil, and the electrified coil keeps an electrified state when the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis passes through the current stabilizer.
According to another embodiment of the invention, at least one constriction is provided in the length direction of the flow stabilizer, the upstream and downstream flow areas of the constriction being larger than their own flow area.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the hydrothermal hydrolysis process of the high-temperature high-pressure equipment is 60 to 80 minutes.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the water content of the household garbage after the water is drained in the step 1) is less than or equal to 50 percent.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention carries out the processes of coarse crushing, crushing and sorting, magnetic separation, fine crushing, re-crushing and sorting and re-magnetic separation on the domestic garbage, screens most of metal substances and other hard garbage, and carries out re-screening on the metal substances through the skeleton-shaped magnetic plate in the current stabilizer after the wet-heat hydrolysis, so that the metal garbage is completely discharged, and the harmless treatment of the domestic garbage is realized.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a current regulator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the magnetic plate of FIG. 1 flipped over;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a current stabilizer of the present invention;
fig. 4 is another schematic cross-sectional view of a current stabilizer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A household garbage harmless treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) Draining the collected domestic garbage to make the water content less than or equal to 50%, specifically, for example, to make the water content 40%, so as to facilitate the subsequent crushing and sorting process;
2) Carrying out coarse crushing, crushing and sorting and magnetic separation on the household garbage in a first stage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage;
then carrying out fine crushing, crushing and sorting and magnetic separation on the domestic garbage at the second stage, separating out foreign matters with smaller shapes and sizes, including plastics, stones, glass and shells, and recovering metal substances with smaller particles mixed in the domestic garbage;
3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.5Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of 120mm for carrying out damp-heat hydrolysis for 60 minutes, and hydrolyzing the organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage;
then sufficient water is introduced again for full stirring, so that the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis forms a flow state;
4) The domestic garbage after the damp-heat hydrolysis is sent into a physical settling chamber through a flow stabilizer 10, after standing for a period of time, for example, about 25 minutes, an obvious layering phenomenon is formed, the part with higher grease content in the physical settling chamber is sent into an oil-water separation system, two-phase separation is firstly carried out on the part with higher grease content in the physical settling chamber, anaerobic fermentation is carried out on the separated solid matter, oil, water and small-particle solid matter are separated from liquid matter in a three-phase separator, the oil is collected and used as an industrial grease raw material, and the small-particle solid matter is subjected to anaerobic fermentation; and (3) performing two-phase separation and dehydration on the part with higher content of large-particle organic matters settled in the physical settling chamber, and taking the obtained solid as a raw material for aerobic biological fermentation.
The current stabilizer 10 of the present invention has a horizontal bottom 10a, as shown in fig. 1-2, a plurality of magnetic plates 20 are uniformly distributed on the bottom 10a, for example, five magnetic plates 20 are provided, the plurality of magnetic plates 20 are inclined along the flowing direction of the fluid in the current stabilizer 10, and the domestic garbage after the wet-hot hydrolysis is magnetically separated when passing through the current stabilizer 10 to remove the metal substances and the incidental substances.
Wherein the magnetic plate 20 is in a skeleton shape, and the magnetic plate 20 has a plurality of rods in a horizontal and vertical direction and is formed with a plurality of through holes. When the domestic garbage after the wet and hot hydrolysis is magnetically separated by the magnetic plate 20 in the current stabilizer 10, the metal substances and the incidental substances thereof are adsorbed on the magnetic plate 20, and the non-metal substances pass through the holes in the skeleton-shaped magnetic plate 20.
The maximum inclination angle of the magnetic plate 20 is 45 °, the end of the magnetic plate 20 at the bottom 10a is provided with a rotating shaft 11 having a damper, and as the amount of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate 20 increases, the inclination angle of the magnetic plate 20 changes adaptively based on the damper, that is, the inclination angle of the magnetic plate 20 is adjusted according to the amount of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate 20.
As shown in fig. 3, the bottom 10a of the current stabilizer 10 of the present invention may further be formed with at least one groove 12, for example, two, and a plurality of magnetic plates 20 are disposed in the groove 12, and correspondingly, the groove 12 is provided with a guiding inclined plane 13 near the outlet of the current stabilizer 10 to facilitate the outflow of the domestic garbage in a fluid state.
In addition, a conical surface 14 can be arranged at the bottom 10a of the current stabilizer 10, so that the domestic garbage with certain weight can be prevented from being accumulated.
The magnetic plate 20 is provided with the electrified coil, the electrified coil keeps an electrified state in the process that the domestic garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis passes through the current stabilizer 10, and after the metal substances are adsorbed and screened for a long time, the metal substances can be quickly discharged only by stopping the equipment and powering off the electrified coil, so that the operation is convenient and quick.
Further, at least one contraction structure is arranged in the length direction of the current stabilizer 10, the flow areas of the upstream and downstream of the contraction structure are larger than the flow areas of the contraction structure to form a jet phenomenon, so that the flowing speed of the domestic garbage in a flow state between the areas in the current stabilizer 10 is increased, and the accumulation and the residue of the non-metal garbage are avoided
As shown in fig. 4, the current stabilizer 10 may further have curved sidewalls 15 along which the household garbage having a certain weight is collected into the groove 12 once deposited, so as to sufficiently and thoroughly screen the metal materials mixed with the part of the household garbage.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention, and equivalents may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A household garbage harmless treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) Draining the collected domestic garbage;
2) Crushing, sorting and magnetically separating the household garbage, separating foreign matters including plastics, stones, glass and shells in the household garbage, and recovering metal substances mixed in the household garbage;
3) Putting the treated domestic garbage into high-temperature and high-pressure equipment with the temperature of 100-120 ℃, the internal pressure of 0.4-0.5 Mpa and the caliber of a feeding port of more than 100mm for wet-heat hydrolysis, and hydrolyzing organic materials while separating out animal and vegetable oil in the domestic garbage;
4) Adding sufficient water into the domestic garbage subjected to the damp-heat hydrolysis, uniformly stirring, simultaneously sending the domestic garbage into a physical settling chamber through a current stabilizer, standing for 20-40 minutes, sending the part with higher grease content in the physical settling chamber into an oil-water separation system, firstly carrying out two-phase separation, carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the separated solid matter, then carrying out three-phase separation on the liquid matter to separate out grease, water and small-particle solid matter, collecting the grease to be used as an industrial grease raw material, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the small-particle solid matter; the part with higher content of large-particle organic matters settled in the physical settling chamber is subjected to two-phase separation and dehydration, and the obtained solid is used as a raw material for aerobic biological fermentation;
the device comprises a flow stabilizer, a plurality of magnetic plates, a magnetic separator and a magnetic separator, wherein the flow stabilizer is provided with a horizontal or inclined bottom, the magnetic plates are uniformly distributed at the bottom, the magnetic plates are inclined along the flowing direction of fluid in the flow stabilizer, and the domestic garbage after wet-heat hydrolysis is magnetically separated when passing through the flow stabilizer so as to remove metal substances and incidental substances thereof;
wherein the maximum inclination angle of the magnetic plate is 45 degrees, and the inclination angle of the magnetic plate is adjusted according to the amount of the metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate; the end part of the magnetic plate at the bottom is provided with a rotating shaft with a damper, and the magnetic plate generates self-adaptive inclination angle change based on the damper along with the increase of metal substances adsorbed on the magnetic plate;
wherein the bottom of the current stabilizer is provided with a conical surface for avoiding garbage accumulation and at least one groove, and the magnetic plate is arranged in the groove; the groove is provided with a guide inclined plane near the outlet of the current stabilizer so as to facilitate the flowing-state domestic garbage to flow out.
2. The process for the harmless treatment of household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate is a skeleton, and when the household garbage after the wet-heat hydrolysis is magnetically separated by the magnetic plate in the current stabilizer, the metal substances and the incidental substances are adsorbed on the magnetic plate, and the non-metal substances pass through the holes in the skeleton magnetic plate.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic plate is provided with an electrified coil, and the electrified coil is kept in an electrified state when the domestic garbage after wet-heat hydrolysis passes through the current stabilizer.
4. A process according to claim 1, wherein at least one constriction is provided along the length of the flow stabilizer, the upstream and downstream flow areas of the constriction being larger than their own flow areas.
5. A harmless treatment process for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the wet heat hydrolysis process of the high temperature and high pressure equipment is 60-80 minutes.
6. A harmless treatment process for household garbage according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the household garbage after draining in step 1) is less than or equal to 50%.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202010993391.7A CN112222148B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Harmless treatment process for household garbage |
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CN202010993391.7A CN112222148B (en) | 2020-09-21 | 2020-09-21 | Harmless treatment process for household garbage |
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CN112222148A CN112222148A (en) | 2021-01-15 |
CN112222148B true CN112222148B (en) | 2022-12-30 |
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Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101274331B (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2013-01-30 | 杨计明 | House refuse treatment method |
CN102921704B (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2016-05-25 | 都市高科(北京)环境科技有限公司 | The method for innocent treatment of changing food waste |
CN205518939U (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-08-31 | 河南百特机械设备有限公司 | City domestic waste selects separately processing system assembly |
CN206853895U (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2018-01-09 | 荆门市五龙饲料有限公司 | A kind of pipe magnetic separator |
CN108856255A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江华庆元生物科技有限公司 | A kind of kitchen garbage treatment process |
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